不做唠叨的父母_百度百科
关闭特色百科用户权威合作手机百科 收藏 查看&不做唠叨的父母本词条缺少概述，补充相关内容使词条更完整，还能快速升级，赶紧来吧！出版社东方出版社副标题唠叨以外的教育法出版时间2011-12定&&&&价29.80元装&&&&帧平装ISBN2
《不做唠叨的父母:唠叨以外的教育法》主要内容简介：如果说教养孩子是一项最庞大、最复杂的系统工程，那么其中必有需要遵循和牢记的原则、方法、规律和技巧。《不做唠叨的父母:唠叨以外的教育法》作者根据自己三十年指导学前教育的丰富经验，针对中国家长在家庭教育中普遍存在的一些认识和行为误区，给出了符合幼儿教育原则并适合现代社会的解决方案。《不做唠叨的父母:唠叨以外的教育法》是一本为中国父母提供的深入浅出、客观科学的育儿教材。作者尽量避免给读者一个标准方法，而是希望能够教给读者思考判断的准则，学习如何选择适合自家孩子的教育方法。《不做唠叨的父母:唠叨以外的教育法》的很多提法很有震撼力，经常让人有茅塞顿开的感觉。蔡伟忠，美籍华人，著名儿童教育学家，儿童教育学博士。
1983年美国加州大学毕业后，取得游戏治疗专业证书，一直从事学前教育相关研究。过去二十多年走遍世界各国，为幼儿园园长、教师提供各种培训服务。1994年成立蔡伟忠老师教研室，研究各种最有效的幼儿教育方法；2011年成立蔡伟忠家庭教育学院。现任广东省教育学会学前教育专业委员会游戏与玩具研究部执行主任、深圳教育学会学前教育专业委员会理事、法国LUDIA教育研究所高级研究主任。认为“关心幼儿园教师，让他们从实效方法中领会理论”是促进中国幼儿园教育发展最有效的方法之一。
近期著作：《幼儿园个性化教育课程》《唠叨以外的教育法》《跳出传统思维的幼儿园教师实用手册》。第一章 学校没有教你的育儿知识　要知道，幼儿不会选择什么该学什么不该学，只要看到的便学习，所以父母要为他做好选择　原来孩子是用眼睛学习，不是用耳朵　父母的基因决定了孩子的潜能　孩子可能把你当玩具：读懂孩子的心里话　原来孩子打架是正常行为　重视终身教育的起点——幼儿教育　摆脱标语、口号教育，发展真实的能力　传递知识的责任和方法　教育同时还要教授技巧　学习能力其实就是适应能力　教育，是让孩子注意到平时没注意的现象第二章 有些事情尽量不要做　不要：该放松时紧张，该紧张时放松　別以为下了苦功就会有成果　监督式教育不可取　杜绝用所谓的正确答案灌输孩于　避免只重视教育结果　切忌拿自己的孩子和别人的孩子比较　删除过多的远景追求　别奢望孩子会立刻学会所有知识　让孩子听话、乖巧，不一定是好事　不要让自己的教育经历影响教育下一代的方法　別以为孩子明白你的意思第三章 有些事情尽量要做好　要抢占先机，先人为主　为孩子而反思人生的价值　顺应自然规律施教　首先建立爱，作为教育的基础　必须和孩子讲道理　让孩子有选择的权利　为孩子补充先天不足　充分发挥每一个阶段的学习特点　专心聆听孩子的心里话　让孩子有更多尝试的机会
让孩子从小了解世界的规律和法则
容许孩子有自己的想法，容许孩子反对、拒绝
让孩子知道做错事要付出代价
教育是为孩子选择适合的玩伴
学习控制自己的脾气，注意对孩子的态度第四章 行为习惯始自父母，影响终身
建立有价值的生活规律：培养行为习惯的秘诀
蝎子故事的启发：本能就是本能
三岁前最有效的小狗训练法
建立行为习惯的方法：首先要让孩子有安全感
然后，设计孩子愿意听话的环境
在追求自己的权利之前，首先学会尊重别人的权利
示范给孩子看，如何正确维护自己的权利
掌握行为习惯的深层意义
建立守法的基础，孩子就不会学坏
全家的教育观念不统一，孩子就会奸狡
把孩子和其他孩子比较，孩子就没有自信
善用温水煮青蛙教育法
使用真实的、真诚的描述性表扬
嘴巴软行为硬的教育法
引导教育法，建立自主学习习惯第五章 能力，决定了“高分高能”还是“高分低能”
只有知识没有能力就是高分低能
发展各种能力，都像体育能力一样需要训练
训练的方法：从少到多地调整
训练的方法：从易到难地调整
生活中训练孩子语言能力的方法
学习外语的能力
要不要提前学认字
提高认字的能力还是学习认字
轻松教育法：创造孩子自己发展能力的环境第六章 知识非常重要，但要教得其法
父母要知道，知识不是名词
知识是通过丰富认知建立的
除了成人指导外，有一些可以让孩子自己发现
指导孩子要注意正确的指导用语，以看时钟为例
掌握传递知识给孩子的秘诀
数学可不只是数字附章一 蔡伟忠老师教育理念和应用方法附章二 从家庭教育环境谈到幼儿园环境教育附章三 解读孩子内心世界及与孩子沟通的方法结语 蔡老师教育金句及学习总结[1]
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求翻译：我希望我父母别那么唠叨是什么意思？
我希望我父母别那么唠叨
问题补充：
So I hope my parents do not nag
I hope that my parents don't verbalize
I hoped my parents that do not talk incessantly
I hope my parents won't nag
Me hope my parents don't nag
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标杆人生 第20天　重建破裂的团契生活
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
[God] has restored our relationship with him through Christ, and has given us this
of restoring relationships. 2 Corinthians 5:18 (GWT)
Relationships are always worth restoring.
Because life is all about learning how to love, God wants us to value relationships and make the effort to maintain them instead of discarding them whenever there is a , a hurt, or a conflict. In fact, the Bible tells us that God has given us the ministry of restoring relationships. For this reason a significant amount of the New
to teaching us how to get along with one another. Paul wrote, &If you've gotten anything at all out of following Christ, if his love has made any difference in your life, if being in a community of the Spirit means anything to you,... Agree with each other, love each other, be deep-spirited friends.& Paul taught that our ability to get along with others is a mark of spiritual .
Since Christ wants his family to be known for our love for each other, broken fellowship is a disgraceful
to unbelievers. This is why Paul was so embarrassed that the members of the church in Corinth were splitting into warring
and even taking each other to court. He wrote, &Shame on you! Surely there is at least one wise person in your fellowship who can settle a dispute between fellow .' He was shocked that no one in the church was mature
enough to resolve the conflict peaceably. In the same letter, he said, &I'll put it as urgently as I can: You must get along with each other.&
If you want God's
on your life and you want to be known as a child of God, you must learn to be a peacemaker. Jesus said, &God blesses those who work for peace, for they will be called the children of God.& Notice Jesus didn't say, &Blessed are the peace lovers,& because everyone loves peace. Neither did he say, &Blessed are the peaceable,& who are never disturbed by anything. Jesus said, &Blessed are those who work for peace& those who
seek to resolve conflict. Peacemakers are rare because peacemaking is hard work.
Because you were formed to be a part of God's family and the second purpose of your life on earth is to learn how to love and relate to others, peacemaking is one of the most important skills you can develop. Unfortunately, most of us were never taught how to resolve conflict.
Peacemaking is not avoiding conflict. Running from a problem, pretending it doesn't exist, or being afraid to talk about it is actually . Jesus, the Prince of Peace, was never afraid of conflict. On occasion he provoked it for the good of everyone. Sometimes we need to avoid conflict, sometimes we need to create it, and sometimes we need to resolve it. That's why we must pray for the Holy Spirit's continual guidance.
Peacemaking is also not . Always giving in,
like a doormat, and allowing others to always run over you is not what Jesus had in mind. He refused to back down on many issues,
his ground in the face of evil .
HOW TO RESTORE A RELATIONSHIP
As believers, God has &called us to settle our relationships with each other.& Here are seven biblical steps to restoring fellowship:
Talk to God before talking to the person. Discuss the problem with God. If you will pray about the conflict first instead of gossiping to a friend, you will often discover that either God changes your heart or he changes the other person without your help. All your relationships would go smoother if you would just pray more about them.
As David did with his , use prayer to ventilate . Tell God your . Cry out to him. He's never surprised or upset by your anger, hurt, insecurity, or any other emotions. So tell him exactly how you feel.
Most conflict is rooted in unmet needs. Some of these needs can only be met by God. When you expect anyone-a friend, , boss, or family member-to meet a need that only God can , you are setting yourself up for disappointment and bitterness. No one can meet all of your needs except God.
The apostle James
that many of our conflicts are caused by prayerlessness: &What causes fights and quarrels among you? ... You want something but don't get it.... You do not have, because you do not ask God.& Instead of looking to God, we look to others to make us happy and then get angry when they fail us. God says, &Why don't you come to me first?&
Always take the initiative. It doesn't matter whether you are the
or the offended: God expects you to make the first move. Don't wait for the other party. Go to them first. Restoring
broken fellowship is so important, Jesus commanded that it even takes priority over group worship. He said, &If you enter your place of worship and, about to make an offering, you suddenly remember a
a friend has against you, abandon your offering, leave immediately, go to this friend and make things right. Then and only then, come back and work things out with God.'
When fellowship is strained or broken, plan a peace conference immediately. Don't , make excuses, or promise &I'll get around to it someday.& Schedule a face-to-face meeting as soon as possible. Delay only deepens
and makes matters worse. In conflict, it causes hurts to fester.
Acting quickly also reduces the spiritual damage to you. The Bible says sin, including unresolved conflict, blocks our fellowship with God and keeps our prayers from being answered,& besides making us . Job's friends reminded him, &To worry yourself to death with resentment would be a foolish, senseless thing to do& and &You are only hurting yourself with your anger.&
The success of a peace conference often depends on choosing the right time and place to meet. Don't meet when either of you are tired or rushed or will be interrupted. The best time is when you both are at your best.
Sympathize with their feelings. Use your ears more than your mouth. Before attempting to solve any disagreement you must first listen to people's feelings. Paul advised, &Look out for one another's interests, not just for your own.&
The phrase &look out for& is the Greek word skopos, from which we form our words telescope and microscope. It means pay close attention! Focus on their feelings, not the facts. Begin with sympathy, not solutions.
Don't try to talk people out of how they feel at first. Just listen and let them unload emotionally without being . Nod that you understand even when you don't agree. Feelings are not always true or logical. In fact, resentment makes us act and think in foolish ways. David admitted, &When my thoughts were bitter and my feelings were hurt, I was as stupid as an animal.& We all act beastly when hurt.
In contrast, the Bible says, &A man's wisdo it is to his glory to overlook an .' Patience comes from wisdom, and wisdom comes from hearing the perspective of others. Listening says, &I value your opinion, I care about our relationship, and you matter to me.& The
is true: People don't care what we know until they know we care.
To restore fellowship &we must bear the `burden' of being considerate of the doubts and fears of others.... Let's please the other fellow, not ourselves, and do what is for his good.& It is a sacrifice to patiently absorb the anger of others, especially if it's unfounded. But remember, this is what Jesus did for you. He endured unfounded,
anger in order to save you: &Christ did not indulge his own feelings ... as
says: The insults of those who insult you fall on me.'
Confess your part of the conflict. If you are serious about restoring a relationship, you should begin with admitting your own mistakes or sin. Jesus said it's the way to see things more clearly: &First get rid of the l then perhaps you will see well enough to deal with the
in your friend's eye.'
Since we all have blind spots, you may need to ask a third party to help you evaluate your own actions before meeting with the person with whom you have a conflict. Also ask God to show you how much of the problem is your fault. Ask, &Am I the problem? Am I being unrealistic, insensitive, or too sensitive?& The Bible says, &If we claim that we're free of sin, we're only fooling ourselves.&
is a powerful tool for . Often the way we handle a conflict creates a bigger hurt than the original problem itself. When you begin by
admitting your mistakes, it defuses the other person's anger and
their attack because they were probably expecting you to be defensive. Don't make excuse just honestly own up to any part you have played in the conflict. Accept responsibility for your mistakes and ask for forgiveness.
Attack the problem, not the person. You cannot fix the problem if you're consumed with fixing the blame. You must choose between the two. The Bible says, &A gentle response defuses anger, but a sharp tongue
a temper fire.& You will never get your point across by being cross, so choose your words wisely. A soft answer is always better than a
In resolving conflict, how you say it is as important as what you say. If you say it offensively, it will be received defensively. God tells us, &A wise, mature person is known for his understanding. The more pleasant his words, the more
never works. You are never persuasive when you're .
During the Cold War, both sides agreed that some weapons were so destructive they should never be used. Today chemical and biological weapons are banned, and the stockpiles of nuclear weapons are being reduced and destroyed. For the sake of fellowship, you must destroy your
of relational nuclear weapons, including , , comparing, labeling, insulting, , and being sarcastic. Paul sums it up this way: &Do not use harmful words, but only helpful words, the kind that build up and provide what is needed, so that what you say will do good to those who hear you.&
Cooperate as much as possible. Paul said, &Do everything possible on your part to live in peace with everybody.& Peace always has a price tag. Sometime it often costs our self-centeredness. For the sake of fellowship, do your best to compromise, adjust to others, and show preference to what they need. A
of Jesus' seventh beatitude says, &You're blessed when you can show people how to cooperate instead of compete or fight. That's when you discover who you really are, and your place in God's family.&
In resolving conflict, how you say it is as important as what you say.
Reconciliation focuses on the relationship, while resolution focuses on the problem.
Emphasize reconciliation, not resolution. It is unrealistic to expect everyone to agree about everything. Reconciliation focuses on the relationship, while resolution focuses on the problem. When we focus on reconciliation, the problem loses significance and often becomes .
We can reestablish a relationship even when we are unable to resolve our differences. Christians often have , honest disagreements and differing opinions, but we can disagree without being disagreeable. The same diamond looks different from different angles. God expects , not uniformity, and we can walk arm-in-arm without seeing eye-to-eye on every issue.
This doesn't mean you give up on finding a solution. You may need to continue discussing and even debating-but you do it in a spirit of harmony. Reconciliation means you bury the , not necessarily the issue.
Who do you need to contact as a result of this chapter? With whom do you need to restore fellowship? Don't delay another second. Pause right now and talk to God about that person. Then pick up the phone and begin the process. These seven steps are simple, but they are not easy. It takes a lot of effort to restore a relationship. That's why Peter urged, &Work hard at living in peace with others.& But when you work for peace, you are doing what God would do. That's why God calls peacemakers his children.
DAY TWENTY THINKING ABOUT MY PURPOSE
Point to Ponder: Relationships are always worth restoring.
Verse to Remember: &Do everything possible on your part to live in peace with everybody.&
Romans 12:18 (TEV)
Question to Consider: Who do I need to restore a broken relationship with today?
点击收听单词发音&&
n.(政府的)部；牧师
参考例句：
They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
n.裂口，隙缝，切口；v.裂开，割开，渗入
参考例句：
He was anxious to mend the rift between the two men.他急于弥合这两个人之间的裂痕。
The sun appeared through a rift in the clouds.太阳从云层间隙中冒出来。
n.遗嘱；证明
参考例句：
This is his last will and testament.这是他的遗愿和遗嘱。
It is a testament to the power of political mythology.这说明，编造政治神话可以产生多大的威力。
adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的
参考例句：
He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调
参考例句：
When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。
n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期
参考例句：
These plants ought to reach maturity after five years.这些植物五年后就该长成了。
This is the period at which the body attains maturity.这是身体发育成熟的时期。
n.证词；见证，证明
参考例句：
The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The gens also lives on in the "factions." 氏族此外还继续存在于“factions〔“帮”〕中。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
rival factions within the administration 政府中的对立派别
n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。
n.祈神赐福；祷告；祝福，祝愿
参考例句：
The blessing was said in Hebrew.祷告用了希伯来语。
A double blessing has descended upon the house.双喜临门。
adv.积极地，勤奋地
参考例句：
During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。
n.胆小，怯懦
参考例句：
His cowardice reflects on his character.他的胆怯对他的性格带来不良影响。
His refusal to help simply pinpointed his cowardice.他拒绝帮助正显示他的胆小。
n.平息，满足
参考例句：
Music is an appeasement to shattered nerves. 音乐可抚慰受重创的神经。
There can be no appeasement with ruthlessness. 对残暴行为是不能姑息的。 来自演讲部分
n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的
参考例句：
Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
n.反对，敌对
参考例句：
The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
n.赞美诗( psalm的名词复数 )；圣诗；圣歌；(中的)
参考例句：
the Book of Psalms 《〈圣经〉诗篇》
A verse from Psalms knifed into Pug's mind: "put not your trust in princes." 《诗篇》里有一句话闪过帕格的脑海：“不要相信王侯。” 来自辞典例句
adv.垂直地
参考例句：
Line the pages for the graph both horizontally and vertically.在这几页上同时画上横线和竖线，以便制作图表。
The human brain is divided vertically down the middle into two hemispheres.人脑从中央垂直地分为两半球。
挫折( frustration的名词复数 )； 失败； 挫败； 失意
参考例句：
The temptation would grow to take out our frustrations on Saigon. 由于我们遭到挫折而要同西贡算帐的引诱力会增加。
Aspirations will be raised, but so will frustrations. 人们会产生种种憧憬，但是种种挫折也会随之而来。
n.配偶(指夫或妻)
参考例句：
Her spouse will come to see her on Sunday.她的丈夫星期天要来看她。
What is the best way to keep your spouse happy in the marriage?在婚姻中保持配偶幸福的最好方法是什么？
vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意
参考例句：
If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
adj.著名的，知名的
参考例句：
The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者
参考例句：
They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。
n.不满，怨恨，妒嫉；vt.勉强给，不情愿做
参考例句：
I grudge paying so much for such inferior goods.我不愿花这么多钱买次品。
I do not grudge him his success.我不嫉妒他的成功。
v.耽搁，拖延
参考例句：
Most often we procrastinate when faced with something we do not want to do.面对不想做的事情，我们经常拖延。
It's easy to procrastinate when the deadline seems infinitely far away.当最终期限总是遥遥无期时是很容易延期的。
n.怨愤，忿恨
参考例句：
All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。
She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。
adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的
参考例句：
It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。
adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的
参考例句：
Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。
n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪
参考例句：
I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。
n./a.陈词滥调(的)；老生常谈(的)；陈腐的
参考例句：
You should always try to avoid the use of cliche. 你应该尽量避免使用陈词滥调。
The old cliche is certainly true:the bigger car do mean bigger profits.有句老话倒的确说得不假:车大利大。
adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的
参考例句：
You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。
Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。
n.经文，圣书，手稿；Scripture:(常用复数)《圣经》，《圣经》中的一段
参考例句：
The scripture states that God did not want us to be alone.圣经指出上帝并不是想让我们独身一人生活。
They invoked Hindu scripture to justify their position.他们援引印度教的经文为他们的立场辩护。
n.微粒，小污点，小斑点
参考例句：
I have not a speck of interest in it.我对它没有任何兴趣。
The sky is clear and bright without a speck of cloud.天空晴朗，一星星云彩也没有。
n.自白，供认，承认
参考例句：
Her confession was simply tantamount to a casual explanation.她的自白简直等于一篇即席说明。
The police used torture to extort a confession from him.警察对他用刑逼供。
n.和解，和谐，一致
参考例句：
He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。
adv. 恭顺地，谦卑地
参考例句：
We humbly beg Your Majesty to show mercy. 我们恳请陛下发发慈悲。
"You must be right, Sir,'said John humbly. “你一定是对的，先生，”约翰恭顺地说道。
v.裁军( disarm的第三人称单数 )；使息怒
参考例句：
He was that rarest of statesmen, one whose integrity disarms even his critics. 他为人正直，连批评他的人也佩服他三分，在当代政治家中实属罕见。 来自辞典例句
Disarm: This ability now disarms ranged weapons as well. 缴械：这个技能现在同时可以缴械对方的远程武器。 来自互联网
（使某物）燃烧，着火( kindle的第三人称单数 )； 激起（感情等）； 发亮，放光
参考例句：
And as kindles hope, millions more will find it. 他们的自由又将影响周围，使更多的人民得到自由。
A person who stirs up trouble or kindles a revolt. 煽动叛乱者，挑动争端者挑起麻烦或引起叛乱的人。
adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的
参考例句：
I squashed him with a sarcastic remark.我说了一句讽刺的话把他给镇住了。
She poked fun at people's shortcomings with sarcastic remarks.她冷嘲热讽地拿别人的缺点开玩笑。
adj.有说服力的，能说得使人相信的
参考例句：
His arguments in favour of a new school are very persuasive.他赞成办一座新学校的理由很有说服力。
The evidence was not really persuasive enough.证据并不是太有说服力。
adj.唠叨的，挑剔的；使人不得安宁的v.不断地挑剔或批评（某人）( nag的现在分词 )；不断地烦扰或伤害（某人）；无休止地抱怨；不断指责
参考例句：
Stop nagging—I'll do it as soon as I can. 别唠叨了—我会尽快做的。
I've got a nagging pain in my lower back. 我后背下方老是疼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.使表面磨损的；粗糙的；恼人的
参考例句：
His abrasive manner has won him an unenviable notoriety.他生硬粗暴的态度让他声名狼藉。
She had abrasions to her wrists where the abrasive rope had scraped her.她的手腕有多出磨伤，那是被粗糙的绳子擦伤的。
n.兵工厂，军械库
参考例句：
Even the workers at the arsenal have got a secret organization.兵工厂工人暗中也有组织。
We must be the great arsenal of democracy.我们必须成为民主的大军火库。
v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的现在分词 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地
参考例句：
The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done. 我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
使显得微小，轻视，贬低( belittle的现在分词 )
参考例句：
We must be realistic in our self-estimation, neither being conceited nor belittling ourselves. 我们对自己的估计应该实事求是， 不要自高自大，也不要妄自菲薄。
I find it belittling to be criticized by someone so much younger than me. 有个比我年轻许多的人批评了我，我觉得是小看了我。
adj.谦逊的,故意屈尊的
参考例句：
He has a condescending attitude towards women. 他对女性总是居高临下。
He tends to adopt a condescending manner when talking to young women. 和年轻女子说话时，他喜欢摆出一副高高在上的姿态。
vt.将…释义，改写；n.释义，意义
参考例句：
You may read the prose paraphrase of this poem.你可以看一下这首诗的散文释义。
Paraphrase the following sentences or parts of sentences using your own words.用你自己的话解释下面的句子或句子的一部分。
adj.不恰当的，无关系的，不相干的
参考例句：
That is completely irrelevant to the subject under discussion.这跟讨论的主题完全不相关。
A question about arithmetic is irrelevant in a music lesson.在音乐课上，一个数学的问题是风马牛不相及的。
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
n.短柄小斧；v.扼杀
参考例句：
I shall have to take a hatchet to that stump.我得用一把短柄斧来劈这树桩。
Do not remove a fly from your friend's forehead with a hatchet.别用斧头拍打朋友额头上的苍蝇。
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