精彩是人生持续一辈子的过程，绝对不是高考和中考一锤子就可以定下来的，这一锤子只是你的精彩之一！
阿迪雅敏柯
教育万花筒高考英语新题型攻略--任务型阅读（阅读填空题）解题技巧
高考英语新题型攻略-...
高考英语新题型攻略--任务型阅读（阅读填空题）解题技巧（一）
高考英语新题型攻略--任务型阅读（阅读填空题）解题技巧（二）查看: 1561|回复: 0
摘要：本文通过2006高考英语湖南卷阅读填空题试探讨高考阅读填空题的解题方法和解题技巧，旨在为广大参加2007年高考的考生指明该题型的解题思路和出路。
高考英语阅读填空题是2005年新诞生的一种阅读理解题型。对这一新题型，考生有些畏难情绪，感到难以把握。因此，笔者就2006高考英语湖南卷阅读填空题给备战2007年高考的考生谈谈“破解阅读填空题”的解题方略。 首先，我们来谈谈高考英语阅读填空题的解题步骤： 第一步：读懂短文主要意思了解文章大意是解题的第一环，也是关键的一步。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相关的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。 第二步：理清短文主体结构了解短文的写作思路和线索结构，有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，同时短文的结构往往也是很重要的命题线索，表格项目基本上就是根据篇章结构而设计的。 第三步：分析、理顺表格线索通过分析表格的项目内容，根据已有的表格内容提示来确定短文表格的设计线索，理清短文表格的设计原理。 第四步：确定表格项目答案在完成了上面前三步的基础上，再回到短文中寻找确定答案的关键词语，从而确定正确答案。 最后，需要注意的是：书写答案时，切记要注意语言规范和书写工整。 接下来，我们通过2006湖南卷阅读填空题来详细谈谈高考英语阅读填空题的解题思路和方法： （2006湖南卷阅读填空题） 阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后76—85的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。 注意：每空不超过3个单词。 Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults. The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society. Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage（时量）matters —young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement（参与）, expression suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized（个性化的）involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run matters. 77. __________ ·improving academic performance 78.__________________ and high-risk behaviors · helping young people grow into healthy ,successful adults Effects 79. _______________________________ ·better work habits ·higher rates of homework completion ·improved grades and higher scores ·fewer absences and 80.______________ 83.______________________ · helping young people become contributing members of society Decreasing high-risk teen behaviors ·decreased rates of crime, 81.____________， and teen sex among youth 82._________________________________ ·physical development ·mental development ·social development 84.____________ ·dosage ·85.__________________ ·quality Conclusion ·How to design and run the program is very important 2006湖南卷阅读填空题短文主要给考生提供了这样一个信息：精良的课外活动项目的设计有助于改善在校青少年的行为习惯、降低青少年的犯罪率和减少他们的一些不法冒险行为，同时帮助青少年健康茁壮成长。 笔者就这篇短文来深入剖析一下阅读填空题的解题技巧，希望能帮助备战2007高考的考生切实掌握这类题的解题要领和方法。 方略一：结合语境和构词法大胆猜测短文中的词义。 1. 可根据构词法猜测到词义的单词有： 1) decrease 2) completion 3) absence 4) effective 5) assessment 6) meaningful 7) actively 8) promising, etc. 2. 利用解释说明来猜测句中词义： 比如，短文中的“academic”在文中出现多次，那么，我们可以根据第二段的第一句“The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear.”推知“academic”是和“school”有关的，同时，再根据第二段第一句之后的几句“Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame.”对第一句“The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear.”的具体内容的解释，这样让我们不难猜到“academic”的词义是“学校的、理论的、学术的”。 还有，第三段中的“After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth.”中的“unique”一词。我们可以根据这一句后面几句“They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement（参与）, expression suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program.”对这一句的补充说明，不难发现，“unique”一词的词义是“独特的、最佳的、珍奇的”。 3. 抓住短文中标明逻辑关系(比较、对比、因果、转折、并列等关系)处的关键性词语来判断词义： 短文第一段中的“decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors”。根据构词法可以知道“decrease”的意思，加上“crimes”和“high-risk behaviors”是并列关系，根据“high-risk behaviors”的意思，不难知道“crimes”也是“一些高度冒险的、社会所不容的不良行为”，进而可以猜到“crimes”的意思是“犯罪”。 第二段中有这样一句“Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.” 这句中的“Thus”就相当于“so”，表示“因此”。据此，根据上文以及本句的理解，借助于因果关系，不难猜到本句后半句中“contributing”的意思是“做出贡献的，对社会有用的”。 当然，短文中需猜测词义的词语还有一些，结合语境和构词法大胆猜测短文中词义的方法还不止这么多，这里只是为考生提供一种有助于轻松解题的思路和方法而已。 方略二：利用结构引导词，通过还原法和消元法理解领会长、难句目前出现的这种新题型最让考生头疼的就是短文中的长、难句，使考生顾此失彼、望而生畏。而这些长、难句往往是一些并列句、复合句或各种形式的创新句。其实，再复杂的复合句，只要能抓住结构引导词进行结构和功能分析，并利用化整为零的方法进行短语切割、单句重排、意思重组，就可以明确其含义；而再新颖的创新句式只要通过还原法和消元法来恢复创新句式的原形，其含义也不难把握。以下列举短文中的例句来谈谈闯这一关的重要性和紧迫性。 1) Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. 分析：本句着实是一个复杂的长、难句，全句由主从复合句构成。主句是“Studies show...” ；而从句则有两个：一个是“that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests.” ；另一个从句“who take part in such programs”则是包含在前一个从句中。第一个从句是整个句子的主要部分，它是由“that”所引导的宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中主语是“students”，紧跟着“students”之后是第二个从句——定语从句；那么，在整个“that”所引导的宾语从句中，谓语是“show”，宾语分别是“better work habits”，“higher rates of homework completion”，“improved grades”，“higher scores”，而“on achievement tests”是一个介词短语，作后置定语。至此，整个句子通过结构和功能分析，利用化整为零的方法进行短语切割，单句重排，就很容易理解这个长句了。 当然，短文中还有一些长、难句可以借助于这种方法进行分析理解，希望广大考生能切实掌握好这种方法，进而为提高阅读理解能力奠定坚实的基础。 方略三：利用逻辑推断法巧解细节填空题。 利用逻辑推断法巧解推理、判断、加工性细节题：高考阅读填空题还有不少题需要考生加以推理判断才能解出；所以，考生在解这类题时，应纵观全文或全段的综合信息，推知作者态度、意图等，进而归纳出答案。比如： 短文表格项目中，第79、82、85题也需要考生分析这三题所处的表格线索信息和原文的事实和细节来概括答案。那么，通过理顺这三题在表格中的位置，进而得到解题线索。第79题可以回到第一段中“Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance...”和第二段中“After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior.”，从而不难推断并归纳出答案“Improved academic behaviors”；第82题可以回到第二段中“Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development.”，通过对“physical development, mental development and social development”的归纳、概括，不难得到答案“Integrated development / All-around development”；第85题可以回到第三段中“Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices.”，通过对这句的理解归纳，不难发现答案是“student difference”。 方略四：考生要培养自己在快速阅读中记住短文主要事实和细节的能力，会识别短文的主题句、支撑句和结论 句以及就此对全文主旨大意迅速综合、归纳、概括的能力。通过理解第一段的大意，可以知道这段主要谈的是“设计quality after-school programs的目标”，所以据此可以归纳出第77题答案 ：Aims；通过理解第二段的内容，可以知道这段主要谈的是“quality after-school programs对青少年的影响及结果”，这样可以归纳出第83题答案 ：Re-sult ；然后，通过理解第三段的内容，可以知道这段主要谈的是“quality after-school programs对青少年所产生的评价效应”，并参考这段的第一句话，不难归纳出第84题答案：Assessments；最后，在完成了77—85题之后，剩下的第76题要求考生具备对全文内容大意迅速综合、归纳、概括的能力。通过对全文的理解，不难发现短文第一段是主题段，因此，不难概括、归纳出本题答案：Quality After-school Program。 综合以上，要想很好掌握上述方略，需要备战2007年高考的考生在平时的练习中脚踏实地、认认真真地加以培养和训练，这样，才能切实掌握好解高考阅读填空题的诀窍和能力。 参考文献 崔华金. 博通英语· 技能篇[M]. 安徽科学技术出版社，2006. 邓炎昌、 刘润清 . 语言与文化——英汉语言文化对比[M]. 外语教学研究出版社，1989. 王笃勤. 英语教学策略论[M]. 外语教学研究出版社，2002. 吴汉平. 博通英语· 方法篇[M]. 安徽科学技术出版社，2006. 摘要：本文通过2006高考英语湖南卷阅读填空题试探讨高考阅读填空题的解题方法和解题技巧，旨在为广大参加2007年高考的考生指明该题型的解题思路和出路。
高考英语阅读填空题是2005年新诞生的一种阅读理解题型。对这一新题型，考生有些畏难情绪，感到难以把握。因此，笔者就2006高考英语湖南卷阅读填空题给备战2007年高考的考生谈谈“破解阅读填空题”的解题方略。 首先，我们来谈谈高考英语阅读填空题的解题步骤： 第一步：读懂短文主要意思了解文章大意是解题的第一环，也是关键的一步。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填出相关的信息。值得注意的是：如果表格前提供了小标题，要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了标题有助于理解短文和表格的大意和结构。 第二步：理清短文主体结构了解短文的写作思路和线索结构，有助于加深对篇章内容的理解，同时短文的结构往往也是很重要的命题线索，表格项目基本上就是根据篇章结构而设计的。 第三步：分析、理顺表格线索通过分析表格的项目内容，根据已有的表格内容提示来确定短文表格的设计线索，理清短文表格的设计原理。 第四步：确定表格项目答案在完成了上面前三步的基础上，再回到短文中寻找确定答案的关键词语，从而确定正确答案。 最后，需要注意的是：书写答案时，切记要注意语言规范和书写工整。 接下来，我们通过2006湖南卷阅读填空题来详细谈谈高考英语阅读填空题的解题思路和方法： （2006湖南卷阅读填空题） 阅读短文，根据所读内容在文后76—85的空格里填上适当的单词或短语，并将答案转写到答题卡上。 注意：每空不超过3个单词。 Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults. The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society. Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage（时量）matters —young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement（参与）, expression suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized（个性化的）involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run matters. 77. __________ ·improving academic performance 78.__________________ and high-risk behaviors · helping young people grow into healthy ,successful adults Effects 79. _______________________________ ·better work habits ·higher rates of homework completion ·improved grades and higher scores ·fewer absences and 80.______________ 83.______________________ · helping young people become contributing members of society Decreasing high-risk teen behaviors ·decreased rates of crime, 81.____________， and teen sex among youth 82._______
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