告诉我括号处能填些什么!并说明理由1 He has two sons,( ) are collage students.2 He has two sons,and ( ) are collage students.3 This is the very one of the most interesting films ( ) shown last week.4 The best books ( ) I borrowed from the library are all here.5 Do y_百度作业帮
告诉我括号处能填些什么!并说明理由1 He has two sons,( ) are collage students.2 He has two sons,and ( ) are collage students.3 This is the very one of the most interesting films ( ) shown last week.4 The best books ( ) I borrowed from the library are all here.5 Do y
1 He has two sons,( ) are collage students.2 He has two sons,and ( ) are collage students.3 This is the very one of the most interesting films ( ) shown last week.4 The best books ( ) I borrowed from the library are all here.5 Do you know the girl ( )necklace has been stolen感激不尽~
1.both of which2.both of them3.that4.that5.whose关系代词that 的用法(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时.(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which. (b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which.
(c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that.
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that..
(e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A. that B. which
D. it 答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可. (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which..
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.As 的用法例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样…….
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式. ）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting?5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是：1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子.(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子.(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子.(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略.(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea.
( but= who don’t )(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.
定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear.
同位于从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
1. They2.Both
3.that4.that 5. whose
1.who2.they3.which were4.that5.whose
whobothasthatwhose理由: 根据上下文
whotheythatthatwhose
1、who 代表人，整个从句来形容两个儿子2、they
这是被and分开的两个独立的短句，所有没有从句在里面要有自己的主语3、which
代物，在从句里作主语，整个从句作定语4、可不填也可添that
在从句作宾语，用that ，从句作定语5、whose
表示物主代词，从句作定语...
1、who，主语定语从句嘛2、they，中间有连接词AND，就是不是从句，而是两个句子了，所以主语得用they3、which宾语定语从句嘛4、that同上3、4括号里面的可以省略5、whose 她的项链所以用形容的词 whose当时上学老师就是这么教我的
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& Unit 2 News media
Unit 2 News media
16:58& 新浪教育
　　知识要点聚焦
　　Which of the news media above is the most reliable? Why? 上边这些新闻媒体中哪个是最可靠的？为什么？
　　(1) media是名词medium的复数形式，意为“宣传工具”、“新闻媒体”、“传媒”。
　　Television can be an excellent medium for education.
　　电视会是一种绝好的教育手段。
　　The mass media has become one of the necessary parts in our daily life.
　　大众传媒已经成为人们日常生活不可或缺的一部分。
　　(2) reliable是动词rely的形容词，意为“可靠的”、“可信赖的”；rely on/upon作“依靠; 信任, 信赖”讲。
　　It's not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.
　　单凭容貌来判断一个人是不可靠的。
　　He can be relied on to keep secret. 相信他能保密。
　　The man was fired. 该男子被解雇了。
　　fire用作动词，表示“解雇”、“激起(热情)”、“开枪”、“放火”、“发射”等。
　　Without warning he started firing into the crowd.
　　没有警告他就开始向人群开枪了。
　　Damp wood is not easy to fire. 潮湿的木头不易着火。
　　She has just been fired as editor of the newspaper.
　　她刚被解除了报纸编辑职务。
　　Your speech fired the children's admiration. 你的演讲激起了孩子们的羡慕。
　　(1) fire构成的短语：
　　be on fire着火(强调状态)make a fire生火
　　set...on fire使……着火set fire to点燃
　　put out a fire灭火play with fire 玩火；冒险
　　catch fire失火(强调动作，无被动语态)
　　(2) 与fire有关的合成词
　　fire alarm火警fire escape太平梯
　　fire engine消防车fire station消防队
　　fire wall防火墙fireproof防火的
　　firebrick消防砖firewood柴火
　　firecracker鞭炮fireman消防队员
　　根据句意，用上述短语的适当形式填空：
　　①As we know, cotton
　　②He who
must get burned.
　　③If your home was ____
and you could save only one thing, what would it be?
　　(Keys: ① catches fire ② plays with fire ③ on fire )
　　The man faced difficulties. 该男子面临诸多困难。
　　face用作动词，表示“面对”、“面向”、“面临”、“承认”等。
　　My house faces the park. 我的房子面对公园。
　　We must learn to face difficulties squarely and try to overcome them.
　　我们应该学会正视困难,努力克服困难。
　　(1) face用作名词，表示“脸”、“面容”、“表情”、“威信”、“正面”等。
　　He had a face like thunder.他怒容满面。
　　I was greeted by smiling faces. 他们面带微笑欢迎我。
　　(2) face构成的短语：
　　face to face面对面地(作状语)facetoface面对面的(作定语)
　　in the face of 不顾；面对；在……前面make a face/faces做鬼脸
　　save (one's) face 挽回面子face out 坚持到底
　　face up to大胆面向；勇敢面对be faced with面临(无奈局面)
　　根据句意，用上述短语的适当形式填空：
　　①I rushed out of the office and found myself
with the boss.
　　②He thinks he would ____
if he admitted the mistake.
　　③She's going to have to
____ the fact that hes not going to marry her.
　　(Keys: ①face to face ②lose face ③face up to)
　　Why is he no longer working for the company? 他为什么不再为这家公司工作了？
　　(1) no longer相当于not any longer，指“时间上不再延续”，常与状态动词或延续性动词连用，在句中作状语。
　　Annie does not live here any longer. 安妮不住在这儿了。
　　He is no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子了。
　　(2) no more相当于not any more,指“数量上或程度上不再增加”，常与瞬间动词连用，在句中作状语或定语。
　　You will see him no more. 你再也不会看到他了。
　　I can give you no more advice than this. 我不能再多给你什么建议了。
　　① ― Excuse me, is this Mr.Brown's office?
　　― I'm sorry, but Mr.Brown
works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET 1990)
　　A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer
　　②―Will you give this message to Mr.White, please?
　　―Sorry, I can't. He ____ . (MET 1992)
　　A. doesn't any more work here
　　B. doesn't any longer here work
　　C. doesn't work any more here
　　D. doesn't work here any longer
　　(Keys: ①D ②D)
　　A house in your town burned down. Nobody was hurt. 你所在的镇上一所房屋烧毁了。没有人受伤。
　　(1) burn down可以用作及物或不及物动词词组，意为“全部焚毁”、“火势减弱”。
　　A number of houses were burnt down in the fire. 许多房屋在火灾中被烧毁了。
　　(2) injure, harm, hurt和wound的区别：
　　这四个单词都有“受伤”的意思，用法有所不同：
　　① injure 着重指健康、机能、外貌的伤害或损害，多由意外或事故造成。
　　There were two children injured in the car accident.
　　有两个儿童在车祸中受了伤。
　　A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people.
　　一颗炸弹在使馆爆炸，数人受伤。
　　② harm 指对人或事物造成危害，这种危害不一定是直接的，也不一定有痛楚。
　　Our dog won't harm you. 我们的狗不会伤害你的。
　　Getting up early won't harm you! 早起对你没有坏处。
　　③ hurt 常指精神上或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛。
　　Tell me where it hurts. 告诉我哪个地方疼。
　　I was very much hurt at his words. 他的话伤透了我的心。
　　④ wound 通常指由外界暴力造成创伤，多指枪、刀伤害等。
　　He got wounded in the battle. 他在战斗中受伤了。
　　Ambulances took the wounded to local hospitals.
　　救护车把伤员送往当地医院。
　　根据句意，用injure, harm, hurt或wound的适当形式填空：
　　①The soldier was
in the arm.
　　②Missing a meal once in a while never did anyone any ____ .
　　③You'll
her feelings if you forget her birthday.
were taken to several nearby hospitals.
　　(Keys: ①wounded ②harm ③hurt ④injured/ wounded)
　　I would rather choose... 我倒宁愿选择……
　　would rather意为“宁愿”、“宁可”，后接动词原形，其否定形式是would rather not do sth.。
　　Which would you rather have, tea or coffee? 你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡?
　　I'd rather not have a break now. 我倒宁愿现在不休息。
　　(1) would rather do...than do...相当于would do...rather than do...意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。
　　I’d rather listen to music than watch TV. 我宁愿听音乐，不愿看电视。
　　(2) would rather that...倒宁愿……从句中常用虚拟语气，从句若与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
　　I'd rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
　　I would rather he hadn't stayed there too long.
　　我倒希望他没有在那儿呆太久。
　　用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空:
　　① She said she'd rather ____
(stay) at home waiting for the result.
　　② I would rather you
(come) tomorrow.
　　③ I would rather you ____
(tell) her the news last night.
　　(Keys: ①stay ②came ③had told )
　　Newspapers and other media do more than simply record what happens. 报纸和其它媒体不仅仅是记录发生的事情。
　　这里more than与名词连用，表示强调，意为“不仅仅”。
　　Being a good listener means much more than just “listening with ears”.
　　作为一名好的倾听者，决不只是“用耳朵听”。
　　Jason is
he is a writer, too.
　　杰森不仅仅是一位演讲家，还是一位作家。
　　more than的用法：
　　(1) more than与数词连用，表示“多于”、“超过”。
　　More than ten people got lost in the hurricane. 这次飓风中十多人失踪。
　　(2) more than与含“can”的分句连用，表示“远远不是……所能够……”。
　　― Do you want any more books? 想再要一些书吗？
　　― Yes, more than I can get. 想要，可是买不起。
　　(3) more than与形容词/副词连用，表示“很”或“非常”的意思。
　　They were more than glad to help you. 他们非常愿意帮你。
　　(4) more than one意为“不止一个”，后接单数可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
　　More than one student was praised at the meeting.
　　大会上不止一个学生受到了表扬。
　　①Mr.Wang is
to our English evening.
　　A. more pleased than to comeB. more pleased to come than
　　C. more than pleased to comeD. pleased to come more than
　　②More than one house ____
burned down during the fire.
　　A. wasB. wereC. haveD. are
　　(Keys: ①C ②A)
　　They also make sure that readers can relate to the stories. 他们必须确保读者能够理解故事情节。
　　relate用作动词，意为“叙述, 讲”、“使联系, 发生关系”、“能理解”。relate常与介词to或with连用。
　　I related my adventure to my family. 我向家人讲述了我的奇遇。
　　I can't relate what he does with/to what he says.
　　我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
　　Jim and I are related by marriage. 吉姆和我有姻亲关系。
　　与relate有关的派生词：
　　related adj. 叙述的, 讲述的, 有关系的 relation n.家人；关系；联系
　　relative adj. 相对的；比较的；有关……的relationship n.亲戚关系；联系
　　The two reporters agreed to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than the interviewers in order to let us know about their work and how the news we read is made and written.
这两位记者同意转换角色，做一次被采访者而不是采访者，让我们了解他们的工作，了解我们读到的新闻是怎样制作和编辑出来的。
　　(1) switch与on, off连用，表示“开关(电器等设备)”；还可以表示“改变，变化；交换”。
　　to switch the TV on 开电视switch roles转换角色；改变位置
　　He switched the conversation from one subject to another. 他转变话题。
　　(2)for once是介词短语，意为“(至少)这一次(平时不是这样)”。
　　For once she was caught cheating in the exam. 她就一次被发现考试作弊。
　　(3) 这里rather than表示“除……以外”、“与其”、“不是”，含有否定意义，后面接名词或代词。
　　Someone else rather than I can stay in the office.
　　只有我能够呆在这个办公室里。
　　These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.
　　这双鞋虽然不好看，但是穿起来舒服。
　　once的用法：
　　(1) 用作副词，意为“一次”、“从前”、“曾经”。
　　Computers are much cheaper nowadays than they once were.
　　现在电脑比过去便宜多了。
　　(2) 用作连词，意为“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。
　　Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular!
　　一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！
　　(3) once的常见短语：
　　all at once 突然, 忽然
at once 马上，立刻；同时
　　once (and) for all 最后一次once upon a time 从前
　　once more再一次once in a while 有时, 间或, 偶而
　　用上述短语完成下列各句：
____ , the light went out.
　　②Don't all speak
! One at a time.
　　③ ____ , we cant agree!
　　(Keys: ①All at once ②at once ③Once and for all)
　　A reporter begins by contacting the people to be interviewed and then prepares questions. 记者先联系被采访人，然后准备问题。
　　(1) by后接动名词表示方式。
　　She earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱。
　　He learned English by listening to the radio. 他是靠听收音机学习英语的。
　　(2) 这里to be interviewed是动词不定式的被动形式，在这里作定语，相当于定语从句who will be interviewed。
　　不定式作定语，如果能够在句中找到该不定式所表示的动作发出者，不定式用主动形式，反之，用被动形式。
　　I want to have something to read.
　　我想找一些东西读。(读书的逻辑主语是“我”)
　　I'm going to town. Do you have anything to be taken to your uncle?
　　我要进城去。你有什么东西要带给你叔叔吗？(进城的逻辑主语是“我”，在句中找不到)
　　用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空:
　　① Give me something hot
____ (drink).
　　② “Do you have any letters ____
(post) today?” the postman asked.
　　③ ―Do you have any papers
____ (type)? If any, I'll be of help.
　　―No, thanks. My secretary is coming back.
　　(Keys: ① to drink ② to be posted ③ to be typed)
　　My favourite article is the
one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. 我最喜爱的文章是我写的把那些被盗的文化遗产追回中国所付出的巨大努力。
　　(1) one通常用来代替上文中出现过的可数名词，指同类事物。one的复数形式为ones。通常用one代替单数可数名词，用ones代替复数可数名词。
　　I have lost my pen, I'm going to buy one. 我的钢笔丢了，我要去买一支。
　　I have a new coat and several old ones. 我有一件新大衣和几件旧的。
　　I prefer this one to that one.我喜欢这个，而不喜欢那个。
　　(2) bring back 是“动词+副词”短语，意为“回忆; 使忆起”、“使返回;归还”。
　　Bring the children back from the kindergarten at four oclock.
　　下午四点把孩子们从幼儿园接回来。
　　bring out拿出来；发言鼓励bring forward提出(计划、方案)；把……提前
　　bring up 教育；养育；呕吐bring in 获利；赚；插入
　　①Mr.Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except ____ who had already taken them. (NMET 1992)
　　A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
　　②―Why don't we take a little break?
　　―Didn't we just have ____
? (NMET 2000)
　　A. it B. thatC. one D. this
　　③Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,
____ I will always treasure. (NMET 2002)
　　A. thatB. one C. itD. what
　　(Keys:①A ②C ③B)
　　Famous people are often interviewed and asked about their opinions on current affairs. 名人们经常接受采访，被问及他们对时事的看法。
　　affair 意思是“事情”、“事务”。它的涵义最广，可指已经发生或必须去做的任何事情，也可泛指事务(通常用复数，指重大或头绪较多的事务)。
　　affairs of state 国务foreign affairs 外交事务
　　The railway accident was a terrible affair.那次火车事故是件可怕的事。
　　I have been very interested in foreign affairs. 我对外交事务很感兴趣。
　　(1) thing是普通名词，意为“东西”、“事情”、“物品”。其复数形式表示“事件”、“事态”、“情况”。
　　What's the next thing to do? 下一步该做什么?
　　That only makes things worse. 那只会使情况更糟。
　　(2) matter 意思是“麻烦事”、“事情”。它是普通用语，常指我们所写到或谈到的事情，要考虑和处理的事情。
　　It was a matter of life and death for them. 这对他们来说是生死攸关的事。
　　There are several matters to be considered.有几件事情要考虑。
　　注意：在口语中，the matter 相当于be wrong，表示发生了失常的事或出了毛病等。
　　Is anything the matter? 怎么啦？
　　(3) business 普通用语，常表示“生意”、“商业”等。它表示事情、事务时，往往指一种任务、责任或必须去做的事。此外，它有时还含有轻蔑的意味。
　　Mind your own business. 少管闲事。
　　Sorry, the manager is away on business. 对不起，经理出差了。
　　用affair, thing, matter和business的适当形式填空：
　　①We should concern ourselves with state
　　②I've got so many
to do I don't know where to start.
　　③If the introductions are over,I’d like to get down to ____
　　④Will you phone me back ― it's a
of some importance.
　　(Keys: ①affairs ②things ③business ④matter )
　　what you have said is not related to what we are concerned about. 你说的话并不涉及我们所关心的事。
　　(1) what you have said是主语从句，而what we are concerned about引导的从句作介词to的宾语。
　　(2) be concerned about意为“关心；担忧”，后接名词、代词。
　　We are all concerned about her safety. 我们大家都担心着她的安全。
　　I'm a bit concerned about your health. 我有点担忧你的健康。
　　(1) concern用作名词，意为“有利害关系”、“关心”、“担忧”。
　　It's no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。
　　What concern is it of yours? 此事与你有什么关系？
　　(2) concern用作动词，意为“涉及”、“影响”、“使忧虑”。
　　Please don't let my illness concern you. 请你不要担心我的病。
　　(3) concerning 用作介词，意为“关于”、“涉及”、“就……说”。
　　I spoke to him concerning his behavior.我和他谈了他的行为。
　　(4) concerned adj. 挂念的(作表语)；有关的(常用于名词之后)。
　　It was quite a shock for all/everyone concerned.
　　这对于所有相关的人是个不小的打击。
　　And I like the way the fans look up to them. 而且我喜欢球迷们敬仰他们的这种方式。
　　(1) the fans look up to them是定语从句。当先行词是the way时，后边定语从句关系词用that或in which(有时都省略掉)。
　　I don't like the way (that/in which)you speak to her.
　　我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。
　　We were surprised at the way (that/in which) she treated her mother.
　　我们为她对待她母亲的方式感到惊讶。
　　(2) look up to 作“敬仰”、“尊重”讲。
　　My friend Alice is well worth looking up to. 我的朋友艾丽斯很值得敬重。
　　look back (on) 回想，记起look down on 轻视，看不起
　　look forward to 盼望；期待look on(upon)...as把……看作
　　look out 注意；留神；向外看look out for 当心, 提防
　　look round 环顾四周look up仰望；查阅；探访(某人)
　　look into 朝……里边看；调查look as if/though 看起来好像, 似乎是
　　look like 看起来像look after照料
　　① Women used to ____ in that country.
　　② I'm
seeing you this summer vacation.
! There is danger ahead.
　　(Keys: ① be looked down upon ② looking forward to ③ Look out)
　　More than ninety responsible and caring citizens made their voices heard today.
今天，九十多名富有责任感和爱心的公民表达了自己的意见。
　　“make +oneself +过去分词”的用法：
　　这一结构中，过去分词表示与宾语oneself之间的被动关系，意为“使自己被(理解/听见……)”、“让别人(理解/听见……)自己”。
　　When you speak English be sure to make yourself understood.
　　讲英语时，务必让别人明白你的意思。
　　Talking with Professor Smith made her interested in history.
　　与史密斯教授交谈使她对历史产生了兴趣。
　　用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空：
　　① The boy was made
(clean) the truck as a punishment.
　　② He raised his voice so as to make himself (hear) by those at the back.
　　(Keys: ①to clean ②heard)
　　语法知识归纳
　　过去分词的用法(1)
　　――作定语和表语
　　一、过去分词作定语
　　1.过去分词作定语时，单个分词可以放在被修饰词的前边或后边；分词短语则必须置于其后。
　　His father is an experienced English teacher. 他父亲是个有经验的英语老师。
　　I want to write about people addicted to drugs.
　　我想写一些关于吸毒成瘾的人的文章。
　　2.过去分词作定语，意义上类似于一个定语从句；作非限制性定语，则相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
　　He is fond of the food cooked by your mother (= which had been cooked by your mother). 他很喜欢你妈妈做的饭菜。
　　The computer center, opened last year(= which was opened last year), is very popular among the students in this school.
　　去年开放的计算机中心深受学校学生的欢迎。
　　3.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示该动作已完成，不表示被动意义；及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。
　　the changed world( the world which has changed)改变了的世界
　　the fallen tree(the tree which has fallen)已倒下的树
　　a retired engineer( an engineer who has retired) 已退休的工程师
　　二、过去分词作表语
　　1.过去分词作表语时，表示主语的特征或所处的状态。
　　The door remain locked. 门仍然锁着。
　　The road was lined on both sides with trees. 道路两旁都种着树。
　　2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
　　前者构成系表结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态，后者表示一个动作。
　　The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了。(系表结构)
　　The glass was broken by my sister.
　　这个玻璃杯是我妹妹打碎的。(被动语态)
　　3.现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：
　　前者强调主动，说明主语所具有的特征，往往译作“令人……”，“使人……”，后者强调被动，表示主语所处的状态，往往译作“感到……”。
　　Mr.Smith is very interesting and we are interested in his lessons. 史密斯先生很有趣，我们对他的课很感兴趣。
　　高考真题链接
　　1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____ .(NMET 1991)
　　A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard
　　【点拨】选D。考查句型make oneself heard的用法，意为“让别人听见自己(的话)”，过去分词表示与宾语oneself之间的被动关系。
　　2. He's got himself into a dangerous situation ____
he is likely to lose control over the plane. (上海2001)
　　A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why
　　【点拨】选A。关系副词where引导限制性定语从句，并充当从句的地点状语。
　　3. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role
in making the earth a better place to live. (上海2003春)
　　A. to have playedB. to play
　　C. to be playedD. to be playing
　　【点拨】选B。play a role in意为“在……起作用”、“在……扮演角色”。根据语境，不定式在句中作定语，表示一个主动的、将来的动作。
　　4. In order to change attitudes
____ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws. (北京2004春)
　　A. aboutB. ofC. towardsD. on
　　【点拨】选C。an attitude towards意为“对……的意见”，是固定搭配。
　　5. Usually a child's behaviour is a
of his family environment. (上海2004春)
　　A. recognitionB. reflectionC. returnD. record
　　【点拨】选B。该句意为：通常一个孩子的行为是其家庭氛围的反映。reflection是动词reflect的名词，意为“反射；映象；倒影；反省”，recognition是recognize的名词，意为“赞誉；承认；褒奖”。
　　单元自我评估
　　Ⅰ. 单项选择
　　1. The manager promised to keep me
of how our business was going on.
　　A. to be informedB. on informing
　　C. informedD. informing
　　2. ―Do you know our town at all?
　　―No, this is the first time I ____
　　A. wasB. have been
　　C. cameD. am coming
different life today is from
____ was fifty years ago!
　　A. W whatB. H what
　　C. W whatD. W how
　　4. Some will run the risk of killing themselves and their families
admit they dont know how to mend the lamp that has gone wrong.
　　A. instead ofB. rather than
　　C. in place ofD. other than
　　5.The problem just
to be discussed at the next meeting.
　　A. referred isB. referred to be
　　C. referring to isD. referred to is
　　6. ―Why are you looking so sad, Tom?
　　―The football game
for tomorrow will not be held.
　　A. plannedB. to plan
　　C. to have plannedD. to be planned
　　7. ―Let me have a look at your new stamp.
　　―Here it is.
____ with mine, yours is ____
　　A. T with greater valueB. C having great value
　　C. C of greater valueD. C great valuable
　　8. The speech which he made
the football match bored a lot of fans to death.
　　A. being concernedB. be concerned
　　C. concernedD. concerning
　　9. ―Did you lose the match?
　　―Yes, we lost the match ____ one goal.
　　A. byB. at
　　C. withD. only
　　10. ― What an amazing film! It's the most interesting film I've ever seen.
　　―But I'm sure it won't interest ____
　　A. somebodyB. anybody
　　C. everybodyD. nobody
　　Ⅱ. 完形填空
　　“Now,” Mrs. Virginia De View said, smiling, “we are going to discover our professions (职业).” The class seemed to be greatly surprised. Our professions? We were only 13 and 14years old! The teacher must be
. “Yes, you will all be searching for your future
. Each of you will have to 13
someone in your field, plus give an oral report.”
　　Each day in her class, Virginia De View reminded us about this. Finally, I picked print journalism. This 14 I had to go to interview a trueblue newspaper reporter. I was extremely nervous. I sat down in front of him
15 able to speak. He looked at me and said, “Did you bring a pencil or pen?”
　　I shook my head.
　　“How about some
　　I shook my head again.
　　Finally, I thought he realized I was
17. and I got my first big tip as a
18. “Never, never go anywhere without a pen and paper. You never know what youll run into.” After a few days, I gave my oral report totally from
in class. I got an A on the entire project.
　　Years later, I was in college looking around for a new career, but with no success. Then I
20 Virginia DeView and my desire at 13 to be a journalist. And I called my parents. They didnt 21
me. They just reminded me how competitive the field was and
all my life I had to
run away from competition. This was true. But journalism it was in my blood.
23 gave me the freedom to go up to total strangers and ask what was
　　For the past 12 years, I’ve had the most satisfying reporting career,
25 stories from murders to airplane crashes and 26
choosing my strongest area.27 I went to pick up my phone one day, an incredible wave of memories hit me and I realized that had it not been 28
Virginia De View, I would not be sitting at that desk.
all the time:“How did you pick journalism? ”
　　“Well, you see, there was this teacher...” I always start out. I just wish I could
　　11. A. good B. madC. carelessD. curious
　　12. A. universityB. familyC. professionsD. life
　　13. A. interviewB. find outC. admireD. learn from
　　14. A. expressedB. orderedC. expectedD. meant
　　15. A. hardlyB. nearlyC. naturallyD. eagerly
　　16. A. drinkB. newspapersC. preparationsD. paper
　　17. A. satisfiedB. comfortableC. terrified
　　18. A. studentB. journalist C. teacher
　　19. A. researchB. booksC. imaginationD. memory
　　20. A. calledB. recognizedC. rememberedD. visited
　　21. A. answerB. promiseC. stop
D. persuade
　　22. A. how B. whetherC. why
　　23. A. ItB. Virginia De View
　　C. My parentsD. My oral report
　　24. A. breaking inB. getting downC. falling offD. going on
　　25. A. making upB. listening toC. covering
D. writing
　　26. A. of courseB. finally
C. doubtfully
D. above all
　　27. A. When B. As long asC. Once
D. On condition that
　　28. A. forB. withC. ofD. to
　　29. A. hurt
B. excited
C. disappointedD. asked
　　30. A. respectB. support C. thankD. favor
　　As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do it yourself” (DIY) trend (趋势) in the U. S. continues to grow. “We needed furniture (家具) for our living room,” says John Ross, “and we just didnt have enough to buy it. So we decided to try making a few tables and chairs.” John got married six months ago, and like many young people these days, they are struggling to make a home at a time when the cost of living is very high. The Rosses took a 2week course for $280
at a night school. Now they build all their furniture and make repairs around the house.
　　Jim Hatfield has three boys and his wife died. He has a fulltime job at home as well as in a shoe making factory. Last month, he received a car repair bill for $420. “I was deeply upset about it. Now I’ve finished a car repair course, I should be able to fix the car by myself.”
　　John and Jim are unusual people. Most families in the country are doing everything they
can to save money so they can fight the high cost of living. If you want to become a “doityourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. And for those who dont have time to take a course, there are books that tell you how you can do things yourself.
　　31. We can learn from the text that many newly married people
　　A. find it hard to pay for what they need
　　B. have to learn to make their own furniture
　　C. take DIY courses run by the government
　　D. seldom go to a department store to buy things
　　32. John and his wife went to evening classes to learn how to
　　A. run a DIY shop
　　B. make or repair things
　　C. save time and money
　　D. improve the quality of life
　　33. When the writer says that Jim has a fulltime job at home, he means Jim ____
　　A. makes shoes in his home
　　B. does extra work at night
　　C. does his own car and home repairs
　　D. keeps house and looks after his children
　　34. Jim Hatfield decided to become a doityourselfer when
　　A. his car repairs costs too much
　　B. the car repair class was not helpful
　　C. he could not possibly do two jobs
　　D. he had to raise the children all by himself
　　35. What would be the best title for the text?
　　A. The Job of DIY
　　B. You Can Do It Too!
　　C. Welcome to Our DIY Course!
　　D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY
　　The Internet has led to a huge increase in creditcard fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal website.
　　Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. Online shoppers who enter their creditcard information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number ― or sell the information over the Internet.
　　Computers hackers have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD Universe, an online music retailer, were not lucky. Their names, addresses and creditcard numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $ 157,828 to get back the information.
　　Creditcard firms are now fighting against online fraud. Master Card is working on plans for Webonly credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping online.
　　However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.
　　Ask about your creditcard firms on
line rulers: Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first US $ 78 of any fraudulent spending.
　　And shop only at secure sites: Send your creditcard information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system.
　　If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom righthand corner of your screen. The website address may also start https:// ―the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your creditcard information over the telephone.
　　Keep your password safe: Most online sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.
　　36. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
　　A. a lot of stolen creditcards were sold on the Internet.
　　B. Fraud on the Internet.
　　C. Many Web sites are destroyed.
　　D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet.
　　37. What is the meaning of “fraud”?
　　A. cheatingB. saleC. paymentD. safety
　　38. How can the thieves get the information of the credit card?
　　A. The customers give them the information.
　　B. The thieves steal the information from websites.
　　C. The customers sell the information to them.
　　D. The thieves steal the information from banks.
　　39. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
　　A. Four.B. Three.C. Five.D. Six.
　　40. You are shopping on the site:
and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?
　　A. Order the TV set at once.
　　B. Do not buy the TV set on this site.
　　C. Email the site your creditcard information.
　　D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you.
　　Ⅳ. 短文改错
　　The main purpose of newspapers are to provide
　　news. If you examine newspapers closely, you find that
　　there are all sort of news: accidents, floods, fires, wars,
　　sports, books, etc. The news covers everything that happens
　　to people and our surroundings. Sometimes there are
　　news items which are very interested.
　　A news report is usual short, except when
　　it is very important, but has a lot of information. It
　　is also writing in short paragraphs. The first paragraph
　　is in the fact a summary of the news item. It gives all
　　the necessary information, what, when, where, how, and why.
　　单元交际功能
　　陈述表达意见
　　1. What do you think of 21st Century School Edition?
　　你认为《21世纪报(中学生版)》怎么样？
　　2. What's your opinion of this website for education?
　　你认为这个教育网站怎么样？
　　3. Why do you choose to read newspapers instead of surfing the internet?
　　你为什么选择读报纸而不是上网浏览呢？
　　4.Most large websites are updated every day, which attracts a lot of attention.
　　大部分大型网站每天更新内容，这会引起人们的关注。
　　5. Most media have advertisements, which help to cut down the costs.
　　大部分媒体都刊登广告，这会降低成本。
　　6. A good editor must be learned, responsible and devoted to his work.
　　一位优秀的编辑必须学识广，责任心强，忠于职守。
　　7. In my opinion, a good headline is very important both for newspapers and websites.
　　我认为，一个好标题不管对于报纸还是网站都很重要。
　　8. Can you name some of the local media in Beijing?
　　你能说出一些北京当地媒体的名称吗？
　　9. There is a column in China Daily concerning language study.
　　《中国日报》上有一个关于语言学习的专栏。
　　10. Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to make comments on the situations in Iraq.
　　中央电视台经常邀请著名专家评论伊拉克局势。
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