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"Religion is the opium of the people" is one of the most frequently paraphrased statements of German economist . It was translated from the
original, "Die Religion ... ist das Opium des Volkes" and is often rendered as "religion... is the opiate of the ." The quotation originates from the introduction of his proposed work ; this work was never written, but the introduction (written in 1843) was published in 1844 in Marx's own journal , a collaboration with . The phrase "This opium you feed your people" appeared earlier in 1797 in
and Novalis's "[R]eligion acts merely as an opiate" around the same time. The full quote from Karl Marx translates as: "Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people". Often quoted, the interpretation of the metaphor in its context has received much less attention.
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The quotation, in context, reads as follows (emphasis added):
The foundation of irreligious criticism is: Man makes religion, religion does not make man. Religion is, indeed, the self-consciousness and self-esteem of man who has either not yet won through to himself, or has already lost himself again. But man is no abstract being squatting outside the world. Man is the world of man – state, society. This state and this society produce religion, which is an inverted consciousness of the world, because they are an inverted world. Religion is the general theory of this world, its encyclopaedic compendium, its logic in popular form, its spiritual point d’honneur, its enthusiasm, its moral sanction, its solemn complement, and its universal basis of consolation and justification. It is the fantastic realization of the human essence since the human essence has not acquired any true reality. The struggle against religion is, therefore, indirectly the struggle against that world whose spiritual aroma is religion.
Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.
The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions. The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo.
Criticism has plucked the imaginary flowers on the chain not in order that man shall continue to bear that chain without fantasy or consolation, but so that he shall throw off the chain and pluck the living flower. The criticism of religion disillusions man, so that he will think, act, and fashion his reality like a man who has discarded his illusions and regained his senses, so that he will move around himself as his own true Sun. Religion is only the illusory Sun which revolves around man as long as he does not revolve around himself.
In the Marquis de Sade's , published in 1797 (trans. Austryn Wainhouse, 1968), Sade uses the term in a scene where Juliette explains to King Ferdinand the consequences of his policies:
Though nature lavishes much upon your people, their circumstances are strait. But this is not the effe this general paralysis has its source in your policy which, from maintaining the people in dependence, shuts
their ills are thus rendered beyond remedy, and the political state is in a situation no less grave than the civil government, since it must seek its strength in its very weakness. Your apprehension, Ferdinand, lest someone discover the things I have been telling you leads you to exile arts and talents from your realm. You fear the powerful eye of genius, that is why you encourage ignorance. This opium you feed your people, so that, drugged, they do not feel their hurts, inflicted by you. And that is why where you reign no establishments are to be found giving great the rewards due knowledge are unknown here, and as there is neither honor nor profit in being wise, nobody seeks after wisdom.
I have studied your civil laws, they are good, but poorly enforced, and as a result they sink into ever further decay. And the consequences thereof? A man prefers to live amidst their corruption rather than plead for their reform, because he fears, and with reason, that this reform will engender infinitely more abuses than
things are left as they are. Nevertheless, everything goes askew and awry and as a career in government has no more attractions than one in the arts, nobody involves himse and for all this compensation is offered in the form of luxury, of frivolity, of entertainments. So it is that among you a taste for trivial things replaces a taste for great ones, that the time which ought to be devoted to the latter is frittered away on futilities, and that you will be subjugated sooner or later and again and again by any foe who bothers to make the effort.
wrote in Blüthenstaub (Pollen):
Ihre sogenannte Religion wirkt bloss wie ein Opiat: reizend, bet?ubend, Schmerzen aus Schw?che stillend.
Their so-called religion acts merely as an opiate: irritating, numbing, calming their pain out of weakness.
also used the same analogy, in his essai on :
"Welcome be a religion that pours into the bitter chalice of the suffering human species some sweet, soporific drops of spiritual opium, some drops of love, hope and faith."
, Canon of the Church of England, wrote this four years after Marx:
"We have used the Bible as if it were a mere special constable's hand book, an opium dose for keeping beasts of burden patient while they were being overloaded, a mere book to keep the poor in order."
Main article:
, speaking of religion in Novaya Zhizn in 1905, clearly alluded to Marx's earlier comments (emphasis added):
Religion is one of the forms of spiritual oppression which everywhere weighs down heavily upon the masses of the people, over burdened by their perpetual work for others, by want and isolation. Impotence of the exploited classes in their struggle against the exploiters just as inevitably gives rise to the belief in a better life after death as impotence of the savage in his battle with nature gives rise to belief in gods, devils, miracles, and the like. Those who toil and live in want all their lives are taught by religion to be submissive and patient while here on earth, and to take comfort in the hope of a heavenly reward. But those who live by the labour of others are taught by religion to practise charity while on earth, thus offering them a very cheap way of justifying their entire existence as exploiters and selling them at a moderate price tickets to well-being in heaven. Religion is opium for the people. Religion is a sort of spiritual booze, in which the slaves of capital drown their human image, their demand for a life more or less worthy of man.
McKinnon, AM. (2005). 'Reading ‘Opium of the People’: Expression, Protest and the Dialectics of Religion'. Critical Sociology, vol 31, no. 1-2, pp. 15-38.
Marx, K. 1976. . , v. 3. New York.
O'Brien, William Arctander.
Heine, Heinrich
Novaya Zhizn No. 28, December 3, 1905, as quoted in
Abrams, M. H. ]. The Milk of Paradise: The Effect of Opium Visions on the Works of De Quincey, Crabbe, Francis, Thompson, and Coleridge. New York: Octagon
Berridge, Victoria and Edward Griffiths. 1980. Opium and the People. London: Allen Lane
Marx, Karl. 1844. , Deutsch-Franz?sische Jahrbücher, February.
McKinnon, Andrew. M. “Reading ‘Opium of the People’: Expression, Protest and the Dialectics of Religion” in Critical Sociology, vol. 31 no. 1/2.
O’Toole, Roger. 1984. Religion: Classic Sociological Approaches. Toronto: McGraw Hill
Rojo, Sergio Vuscovic. 1988. “La religion, opium du people et protestation contre la misère réele: Les positions de Marx et de Lénine” in Social Compass, vol. 35, no. 2/3, pp. 197–230.
Luchte, James. (2009) , The Journal of Church and State, 51 (3): 413-437.
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thrash or be fuckin
heathen thrashed!
heaven yeah!\m/
So fucking nice and the lyrics kicks ass too!!!
Hmm... Very complex Thrash here. I like it. I think.
fuck religeon!!!!!
Yea dude, I hate them - Fuck style, and this band sucks too. Hair or NO HAIR !!!!
I've been waiting for months for this shitty song to come up again so I could leave his comment. I feel soo much better now!!!
song rapes
Such a awesome song..
Heathen fuckin Rules!!!
You hated them because their singer dressed like a normal human being?
Wearing leather and growing your hair out is going a little outta style bro.
I just saw these guys back with Destruction in May. The vocalist did NOT impress me. Sounds like shit, very little stage presence, dresses like somebody's dad out at a family picnic. LOL!!! This is metal bro - get with it!! (Grow your hair back, get a tattoo, a piercing, something)
Warbeast blew you off the fucking stage!!!
Intro/outro rules from this song!!
wowwww blew my mind!!
Killer song! First time hearing it
This song is so fucking Good!! Heathen Rules \M/
I'm not even religious and this album's endless preaching is a little tiresome - but I guess you could call it a 'concept' album.
Either way, solid thrash.
now this is good
Another of the Bay Area Thrashers!!! The Bay Area of California produced some of the best Thrash bands to ever come onto the scene,t make it into the realm of mainstream and sell-out like some other bands!!!!!!英语励志美文：年轻时一定要知道的15件事_百度文库
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