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初中英语语法动词八种时态详解
　　初中英语八种时态归纳复习时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态问题倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。一、&一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。例：I&&get&up&at&6:30&in&the&morning&.She&is&at&home&.(二)构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。(三)句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。She&reads&English&everyday&.2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。He&doesn’t&get&up&at&6:30&in&the&morning&.3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？Do&you&like&English&?&&&&&Yes&,I&do&./No,&I&don’t&.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？What&time&do&you&get&up&every&morning&?Where&does&your&father&work&?（三）用法1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often&,&sometimes&,&usually，always&,&everyday&year，month．．．）&,&once/twice&a&week&(month&,&year&,&etc.)&,&seldom&,&on&sundays等连用。I&leave&home&for&school&at&seven&every&morning&.2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。The&sun&rises&in&the&east&.日出东方。The&earth&goes&around&the&sun&.地球绕着太阳转。Ten&minus&two&is&eight.十减二等于八。Light&travels&faster&than&sound&.光的速度比声音的速度快。The&United&States&lies&by&the&west&coast&of&the&Pacific&Ocean.&美国位于太平洋西岸。3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。I'll&tell&him&the&news&when&he&comes&back.&他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If&you&come&this&afternoon,we’ll&have&a&meeting&.4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了&描述现阶段的动作或状态&，其重点&不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态&。例如：He&can&speak&five&foreign&languages&.他能说五种外语。That&is&a&beautiful&city&.那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang&River&is&one&of&the&longest&rivers&in&the&world.&长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She&majors&in&music&.她主修音乐。All&my&family&love&football&.我全家人都喜欢足球。My&sister&is&always&ready&to&help&others&.&我妹妹总是乐于助人。（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps&,clean-cleans&,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He&has&an&interesting&book&.5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1）用动词的适当形式填空1.I&&like&____________&(swim).2.He&_________(read)&English&&every&&day.3.We&_________(go)to&school&at&seven&in&the&morning.4.Mike________(go)to&school&at&seven&in&the&morning.5.My&&mother________(like)&______(go)&shopping.6.I&can&________(draw)&&many&&beautiful&&pictures.7.She_________(make)&a&&model&&plane.8.Do&&you&________(like)_________(run)?9.Does&&he_________(like)_________(jump)&?10.Does&Nancy_________(grow)flowers&on&Saturday&?11.The&&teachers________(like)___________(dance).12.The&teacher________(like)____________(dance).13.The&students___________(speak)&English&in&class.14.The&student_________(speak)&Chinese&after&class.15.&Let's____________and&play&football&.&(&go&)16.&He_____________&like&swimming&.&(&not&)17.&I'm&sorry&____________that&.&(&hear&)18.&Wang&Bing&is____________&(&write&)&an&E-mail&to&his&friend&.19.&He&has_____________a&headache&.&(&get&)20.&_________you&study&English&at&school&?&Yes&,&I___________.&(&do&)21.&__________your&sister&study&English&at&school&?&No&,&she__________&.&(&do&)22.&I'm&_________&better&.&(&feel&)23.&Why__________Tom&absent&today&?&(&be&)2）用所给的人称改写句子1.I&take&photos&on&Sunday.&(&Mike)2.We&grow&beautiful&flowers.&(she)3.They&like&collecting&stamps.&(Ben)4.I&listen&to&music&carefully.&(my&aunt)5.You&like&making&a&model&ship.&(Helen)6.We&clean&the&classroom&every&day.&(he)7.They&look&after&the&pandas.&(Mr&Wang)8.I&draw&a&tree&and&some&flowers.&(Nancy)9.We&go&to&bed&at&eight.&(&my&sister)10.I&read&newspapers&in&the&evening.&(Mr&Green)3）写出下列动词的相应形式1.&第三人称单数：&wash_________&match&_______guess______&study______&finish_________&go________&snow______&carry_________2.写出下列动词的过去式：stop______&see________&drive&________let_______&carry______&keep_____&join______&find_______&think________&teach______&catch______3.&写出下列动词的现在分词形式：&stay_______&begin______&forget_______&forget______&lie________&&die&_______&run_______&prefer______&give________&&ring_______&dance______&hope_______II.&用所给动词的适当形式填空：1．I&________(write)&to&you&as&soon&as&I&_______(get)&to&London.2.&He&doean't&feel&well&and&____________(not&eat)&any&food&this&morning.3.&He&______&not&_______(see)&me&come&in,&for&he&___________(read)&something&with&great&interest.4.&I&_________(l;et)&you&have&the&book&as&soon&as&I&_________(finish)&it.5.&While&we&________(wait)&for&our&teacher,&a&little&boy&________(run)&up&to&us.6.&Don't&make&a&niose.&Grandpa&__________(sleep).&&7.It's&seven&now,&Tom's&family__________(watch)&TV.8.&It&________(take)&me&two&hours&to&finish&my&homework&last&night.9.&What&______&your&mother&_______(do)&at&eight&yesterday&evening?&She&_______(wash)&clothes.10.&_______&it&______&(rain)&when&school&was&over&yesterday?11.&What&_______(do)&_______&tomorrow?&We&________&(play)&football.12.&There&________&(be)&a&football&match&on&TV&this&evening.13.&They&said&they&________&(visit)&the&Great&Wall&the&next&summer&holiday.14.&Who&_______&(dance)&the&best&in&your&class?&&&&&&&&15.&Will&you&come&if&he&_____________&(not&come)?16.&The&teacher&told&us&the&earth&__________&(move)&round&the&sun.&&17She&________&(buy)&a&sweater&yesterday.18.&They&_______&(have)&a&party&in&the&garden&if&it&________&(not&rain)&tomorrow.19.&I&don't&know&if&Mr.Wang&______&(go)&to&Shanghai&tomorrow.&If&he&_____&(go),&I&______&(ask)&him&_______&(take)&some&books&to&my&daughter,&because&she&_______&(study)&there.III单项选择：1.The&students&will&go&to&the&Summer&Palace&if&it&_____&tomorrow.&&&&&&A.don't&rain&B.&doesn't&rain&C.&won't&rain2.&There&_____&an&English&film&next&week.&&&&A.&will&have&B.&is&going&to&have&C.&is&going&to&be&D.&was&going&to&be3.&The&picture&_______&nice.&&&&&&&&&&&&&A.looks&B.is&looked&C.look&D.is&looking4.&She&______&down&and&soon&fell&asleep.&&&&&A.&live&B.&lain&C.&laid&D.&lay5.&They&_____&the&office&at&nine&yesterday&morning.&&&&&&&&A.&reached&to&B.&arrived&C.&went&D.&get&to6.&We&shall&go&to&Shanghai&on&business&before&you&_____&back&next&week.A.&wil&come&B.&came&C.&would&come&D.&come7.&Don't&smoke&until&the&plane&______&off.&&A.takes&B.took&C.was&taken&D.is&take8.&I&saw&her&____&the&room&this&morning.&&A.to&enter&B.&entered&C.&enter&D.&enters9.the&teacher&asked&us&______&to&school&on&time.&A.&to&come&ing&e&es10.&John&is&always&______&others.&&&&&&&&&&&&A.&help&B.&helping&C.&helps&D.&to&help11.&He&told&us&______&at&eight.&&&&&&&&&&&&A.&working&B.&to&work&C.&work&D.&worked12.&You'd&better&______&at&home&and&______&your&homework.A.&to&stay,&do&B.&stay,&do&C.&to&stay,&to&do&D.&stay,&to&do13.&He&sat&down&______&a&rest.&&&&&&&&&&&&&A.&having&B.&have&C.&to&have&D.&had14.&Uncle&Wang&knows&_______&a&washing&machine.A.&how&to&make&B.&to&make&C.&how&making&D.&what&to&make15.&Jim&decided&_______&Polly&to&Ling&Feng&when&he&was&back&to&England.A.&to&leave&B.&left&C.&leaving&D.&leave二、&一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/&were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行为动词didn’t+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t&或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/&were放在句首，句末用问号。另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。I&was&in&Shanghai&last&year&.I&wasn’t&in&Shanghai&last&year&.Was&you&in&Shanghai&last&year&?He&went&to&the&park&yesterday&.He&didn’t&go&to&the&park&yesterday&?Did&he&go&to&the&park&yesterday&?（二）句式1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。I&was&in&Beijing&yesterday&.I&went&to&the&beach&yesterday&.2、否定句：主语+wasn’t&或weren’t+其他。主语+didn’t&+&V原+其他。I&wasn’t&in&Beijing&yesterday&.I&didn’t&go&to&the&beach&yesterday&.3、一般疑问句：was/&were+主语+V原+其他？Did&+主语+V原+其他？Were&you&in&Beijing&yesterday&?Did&you&go&to&the&beach&yesterday&?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+&was/&were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？Where&were&you&yesterday&?Where&did&yougo&yesterday&?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last&week(month&,&year…),…ago,the&other&day&,just&now&,at&the&age&of…,in&1980等连用。如：At&the&age&of&ten&,she&began&to&learn&to&play&the&piano&.2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。When&I&was&a&child&,I&often&play&the&football&in&the&street&.3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。He&said&he&wouldn’t&go&if&it&rained&.（四）动词过去式的规则变化1)&一般情况下,&在动词原形末尾加-ed&;&如look-looked2)&结尾是字母e&的动词加-d,&如&practice-practiced；3)&结尾是“辅音字母+y”&的动词,&变“y”为“i”&再加ed,&如study&&&&&&4)&重读闭音节结尾,&双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed,&如stop&&&&&&&stopped。不规则动词表Infinitive&&&&&&&&&&Past&&tense&&&&&&&&Infinitive&&&&&&&&&&Past&&tensecatch&&&&&&&&&&&&&&caught&&&&&&&&&&&&&come&&&&&&&&&&&&&camedo&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&did&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&draw&&&&&&&&&&&&&drewdrink&&&&&&&&&&&&&&drank&&&&&&&&&&&&&&drive&&&&&&&&&&&&&droveeat&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&ate&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&fall&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&fellam&&is&&&&&&&&&&&&&was&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&are&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&werebegin&&&&&&&&&&&&begun&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&break&&&&&&&&&&&brokebring&&&&&&&&&&&&brought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&build&&&&&&&&&&&builtbuy&&&&&&&&&&&&&&bought&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&can&&&&&&&&&&&&could动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时,&表示过去发生事；be用was或用were,&have,&has变had；谓语动词过去式,&过去时间坐标志；一般动词加-&ed,&若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单,&主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难,&did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did,&谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,&were,&否定就把not添。一般过去时练习题一、&写出下列动词的过去式1．look—&&&&&&&&&&2.&live—&&&&&&&&&&&3.&stop—&&&&&&&&&&4.&carry—5.hope—& &&&&&&&6.&trip—&&&&&&&&&&&7.&call—& &&&&&&8.&finish—9.&want—&&&&&&&&&&10.&are— &&&&&&&&11.&go—&&&&&&&&&&&12.&have—13.&do—&&&&&&&&&&&14.&get—& &&&&&&&&e—&&&&&&&&&16.&say—Fill&in&the&blanks.1.&____&she&____(sing)a&song&last&night?2.&--Were&there&any&people&in&the&room?&&&(作否定回答)--______,&_______&_______nobody.3.&--_____(be)&they&at&work&this&morning?--Yes.&They&______&(have)a&meeting&together.4.&--______&Joe&______&(do)well&in&the&long-distance&running?--Yes,&he&_______.5.&–Where&_____&Tina’s&Family____(go)last&Summer?--They&_______&(go)to&New&York&for&their&vacation.二、用be动词的适当形式填空1.&I&______&an&English&teacher&now.2.&She&_______&happy&yesterday.3.&They&_______&glad&to&see&each&other&last&month.4.&Helen&and&Nancy&________&good&friends.5.&The&little&dog&_____&two&years&old&this&year.6.&Look,&there&________&lots&of&grapes&here.7.&There&________&a&sign&on&the&chair&on&Monday.8.&Today&_____&the&second&of&June.&Yesterday&______&the&first&of&June.&It&_____&Children's&Day.&All&the&students&______&very&excited.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.&I&______&(watch)&a&cartoon&on&Saturday.2.&Her&father&_______&(read)&a&newspaper&last&night.3.&We&_________&to&zoo&yesterday,&we&_____&to&the&park.&(go)4.&______&you&_______&(visit)&your&relatives&last&Spring&Festival?5.&______&he&_______&(fly)&a&kite&on&Sunday?&Yes,&he&______.6.&Gao&Shan&_______&(pull)&up&carrots&last&National&Day&holiday.7.&I&____________&(sweep)&the&floor&yesterday,&but&my&mother&______.8.&What&_________&she&_________&(find)&in&the&garden&last&morning?She&_________&(find)&a&beautiful&butterfly.9.&It&_________&(be)&Ben's&birthday&last&Friday10.&10.&We&all&_________&(have)&a&good&time&last&night.11.&He&_________&(jump)&high&on&last&Sports&Day.12.&12.&Helen&_________&(milk)&a&cow&on&Friday.13.&She&likes&_________&newspapers,&but&she&_________&a&book&yesterday.&(read)14.&He&_______&football&now,&but&they&_______&basketball&just&now.&(play)15.&Jim's&mother&_________&(plant)&trees&just&now.16.&_______&they&________&(sweep)&the&floor&on&Sunday?&No,&they&_________.17.&I&_______&(watch)&a&cartoon&on&Monday.18&We&____&(go)&to&school&on&Sunday.19.&It&____&(be)&the&2nd&of&November&yesterday.&Mr&White&___&(go)&to&his&office&by&car.20.&Gao&Shan&________&(put)&the&book&on&his&head&a&moment&ago.21.&Don't&______&the&house.&Mum&_______&it&yesterday.&(clean)22.&What&_________&you&______&just&now?&I&_______&some&housework.&(do)23.&They&_________&(make)&a&kite&a&week&ago.24.&I&want&to&______&apples.&But&my&dad&_______&all&of&them&last&month.&(pick)25.&_______&he&______&the&flowers&this&morning?&Yes,&he&_____.&(water)26.&She&____&(be)&a&pretty&girl.&Look,&she&_____&(do)&Chinese&dances.27.&The&students&often&_________&(draw)&some&pictures&in&the&art&room.28.What&______&Mike&do&on&the&farm?&He&________&cows.&(milk)三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。There&will&be&an&English&party&next&Saturday&.We&will&come&to&see&you&tomorrow&.（二）结构1、由will&+动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll。变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t&。在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形的结构。He&will&arrive&here&this&evening&.他今晚抵达这里。2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I&shall&/&will&not&be&free&tomorrow&.我明天没空。3、be&going&to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）He&is&going&to&spend&his&holidays&in&London&.&他打算在伦敦度假。（三）用法1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow,&next&day（week，month，year．．．．），&this&evening&(weekend&…),&in&the&future&,&in&a&few&minutes，&the&day&after&tomorrow&,by．．．，&soon&等连用。I&will&pay&a&visit&to&Shanghai&next&week&.I&hope&you&won’t&be&late&next&time&.2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as&soon&as&,if&,unless等引导的时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来。I’ll&do&it&better&if&the&teacher&gives&me&another&chance&.一般将来时练习题一、单项选择(&&&)&1.&&There&__________&a&meeting&tomorrow&afternoon.A.&will&be&going&to&&&&&&&B.&will&going&to&be&&&C.&is&going&to&be&&&&&D.&will&go&to&be(&&&)&2.&&Charlie&________&here&next&month.A.&isn't&working&&&&&B.&doesn't&working&&C.&isn't&going&to&working&&&&&D.&won't&work(&&&)&3.&&He&________&very&busy&this&week,&he&________&free&next&week.A.&will&&is&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&&is&&&&&&C.&will&&will&be&&&&&&&&D.&&will&be(&&&)&4.&&There&________&a&dolphin&show&in&the&zoo&tomorrow&evening.A.&was&&&&&&&&B.&is&going&to&have&&&&C.&will&have&&&&D.&is&going&to&be(&&&)&5.&&-_____&you&______&free&tomorrow?&-&No.&I&_____&free&the&day&after&tomorrow.A.&A&going&&will&&&&&&B.&A&going&to&&willC.&A&going&&will&be&&&D.&A&going&to&&will&be(&&&)&6.&&Mother&________&me&a&nice&present&on&my&next&birthday.A.&will&gives&&&&&B.&will&give&&&&&C.&gives&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&give(&&&)&7.&&-&Shall&I&buy&a&cup&of&tea&for&you?&&&&&&&-________.&（不，不要。）A.&No,&you&won't.&&&&&&&B.&No,&you&aren't.&&&C.&No,&please&don't.&&&&&&&&D.&No,&please.(&&&)&8.&&-&Where&is&the&morning&paper?&&&&&&&-&I&________&if&for&you&at&once.A.&get&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&am&getting&&&&&&&C.&to&get&&&&&&&&D.&will&get(&&&)&9.&&________&a&concert&next&Saturday?A.&There&will&be&&&&&&B.&Will&there&be&&&&&C.&There&can&be&&&&&D.&There&are(&&&)&10.&If&they&come,&we&________&a&meeting.A.&have&&&&&&B.&will&have&&&&&C.&had&&&&&&&&&&D.&would&have(&&&)&11.&He&________&her&a&beautiful&hat&on&her&next&birthday.A.&gives&&&B.&gave&&&&&C.&will&giving&&&&D.&is&going&to&giving(&&&)&12.&He&________&to&us&as&soon&as&he&gets&there.A.&writes&&&&&B.&has&written&&&&&C.&will&write&&&&&&&D.&wrote(&&&)&13.&He&________&in&three&days.A.&coming&back&&&&&&B.&came&back&&&C.&will&come&back&&&&&D.&is&going&to&coming&back(&&&)&14.&If&it&________&tomorrow,&we'll&go&roller-skating.A.&isn't&rain&&&&&&B.&won't&rain&&&&C.&doesn't&rain&&&&&&&D.&doesn't&fine(&&&)&15.&-&Will&his&parents&go&to&see&the&Terra&Cotta&Warriors&tomorrow?-&No,&________&（不去）.A.&they&willn't.&&&&&&&B.&they&won't.&&&&C.&they&aren't.&&&&&&&D.&they&don't.(&&&)&16.&Who&________&we&________&swimming&with&tomorrow&afternoon?A.&&go&&&&&&&&B.&&go&&&&&&C.&&going&&&&&&&&&&D.&&go(&&&)&17.&We&________&the&work&this&way&next&time.A.&do&&&&&&&B.&will&do&&&&&&C.&going&to&do&&&&&&&&&&D.&will&doing(&&&)&18.&Tomorrow&he&___&a&kite&in&the&open&air&first,&and&then&____&boating&in&the&park.A.&will&&will&go&&&&B.&will&&goes&&C.&is&going&to&&will&goes&&&&&D.&&will&go(&&&)&19.&The&day&after&tomorrow&they&________&a&volleyball&match.A.&will&watching&&&&&&&&&B.&watches&&&&C.&is&watching&&&&&&&&D.&is&going&to&watch(&&&)&20.&There&________&a&birthday&party&this&Sunday.A.&shall&be&&&&&&&&B.&will&be&&&C.&shall&going&to&be&&&&&&&&&&D.&will&going&to&be(&&&)&21.&They&________&an&English&evening&next&Sunday.A.&are&having&&&&&&B.&are&going&to&have&&&C.&will&having&&&&&&&&D.&is&going&to&have(&&&)&22.&________&you&________&free&next&Sunday?A.&W&are&&&&&&&&&&&B.&W&be&&&C.&Do;&be&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&A&be(&&&)&23.&He&________&there&at&ten&tomorrow&morning.A.&will&&&&&&&&&&&B.&is&&&&&C.&will&be&&&&&&&&&&D.&be(&&&)&24.&________&your&brother&________&a&magazine&from&the&library?A.&A&going&to&borrow&&&&&&&&B.&Is;&going&to&borrowC.&W&borrows&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&A&going&to&borrows(&&&)&25.&-&Shall&I&come&again&tomorrow&afternoon?&&&-________&（好的）.A.&Yes,&please&&&&&&&B.&Yes,&you&will.&&&C.&No,&please.&&&&&&&D.&No,&you&won't.(&&&)&26.&It&________&the&year&of&the&horse&next&year.A.&is&going&to&be&&&&B.&is&going&to&&&&C.&will&be&&&&&&&&&&&D.&will&is(&&&)&27.&________&open&the&window?A.&Will&you&please&&&&&&&B.&Please&will&you&&&&C.&You&please&&&&&&&&&D.&Do&you(&&&)&28.&-&Let's&go&out&to&play&football,&shall&we?&&&&-&OK.&I&________.A.&will&coming&&&&&&B.&be&going&to&come&&&&&C.&come&&&&&&&&D.&am&coming(&&&)&29.&It&________&us&a&long&time&to&learn&English&well.A.&takes&&&&&&&B.&will&take&&&&&C.&spends&&&&&&&D.&will&spend(&&&)&30.&The&train&________&at&11.A.&going&to&arrive&&&&&&B.&will&be&arrive&&&C.&is&going&to&&&&&&&&D.&is&arriving二、动词填空1.&I&______（leave）in&a&minute.&I&______（finish）all&my&work&before&I&______&（leave）.2.&-How&long&_____&you&_____（study）in&our&country?-I&_____（plan）to&be&here&for&about&one&more&year.-I&_____（hope）to&visit&the&other&parts&of&your&country.-What&______&you&______（do）after&you&______（leave）here?-I&______（return）home&and&______（get）a&job.3.&I&______（be）tired.&I&______（go）to&bed&early&tonight.4.&Mary's&birthday&is&next&Monday,&her&mother&_____（give）her&a&present.5.&It&is&very&cold&these&days.&It&______（snow）soon.6.&-_____&you&_____（be）here&this&Saturday?-No.&I&______（visit）my&teacher.7.&-______&I&______（get）you&a&copy&of&today's&newspaper?-Thank&you.8.&I&am&afraid&there&______（be）a&meeting&this&afternoon.&I&can't&join&you.9.&Mike&______（believe,&not）this&until&he&______（see）it&with&his&own&eyes.10.&Most&of&us&don't&think&their&team&______（win）.三、用所给动词的一般将来时填空1.&I&______（leave）in&a&minute.&I&______（finish）all&my&work&before&I&______&（leave）.2.&-How&long&_____&you&_____（study）in&our&country?-I&_____（plan）to&be&here&for&about&one&more&year.-I&_____（hope）to&visit&the&other&parts&of&your&country.-What&______&you&______（do）after&you&______（leave）here?-I&______（return）home&and&______（get）a&job.3.&I&______（be）tired.&I&______（go）to&bed&early&tonight.4.&Mary's&birthday&is&next&Monday,&her&mother&_____（give）her&a&present.5.&It&is&very&cold&these&days.&It&______（snow）soon.6.&-_____&you&_____（be）here&this&Saturday?-No.&I&______（visit）my&teacher.7.&-______&I&______（get）you&a&copy&of&today's&newspaper?-Thank&you.8.&I&am&afraid&there&______（be）a&meeting&this&afternoon.&I&can't&join&you.9.&Mike&______（believe,&not）this&until&he&______（see）it&with&his&own&eyes.10.&Most&of&us&don't&think&their&team&______（win）.四、单项选择1.&There&__________&a&meeting&tomorrow&afternoon.A.&will&be&going&to&&&&&&&&&&B.&will&going&to&beC.&is&going&to&be&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&will&go&to&be2.&Charlie&________&here&next&month.A.&isn't&working&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&doesn't&workingC.&isn't&going&to&working&&&&D.&won't&work3.&He&________&very&busy&this&week,&he&________&free&next&week.A.&will&&is&&&&B.&&is&&&&&&C.&will&&will&be&&&&D.&&will&be4.&There&________&a&dolphin&show&in&the&zoo&tomorrow&evening.A.&was&&&&&&&&&B.&is&going&to&haveC.&will&have&&&&D.&is&going&to&be5.&-________&you&________&free&tomorrow?-&No.&I&________&free&the&day&after&tomorrow.A.&A&going&&will&&&&&&&B.&A&going&to&&willC.&A&going&&will&be&&&&D.&A&going&to&&will&be6.&Mother&________&me&a&nice&present&on&my&next&birthday.A.&will&gives&&&&B.&will&give&&&&&&&C.&gives&&&&D.&give7.&-&Shall&I&buy&a&cup&of&tea&for&you?-________.&（不，不要。）A.&No,&you&won't&&&&B.&No,&you&aren't.C.&No,&please&don't&&&&D.&No,&please.8.&-&Where&is&the&morning&paper?-&I&________&if&for&you&at&once.A.&get&&&&B.&am&getting&&&&&&&&C.&to&get&&&&D.&will&get9.&________&a&concert&next&Saturday?A.&There&will&be&&&&B.&Will&there&beC.&There&can&be&&&&D.&There&are10.&If&they&come,&we&________&a&meeting.A.&have&&&&&&&B.&will&haveC.&had&&&&&&&&D.&would&have11.&He&________&her&a&beautiful&hat&on&her&next&birthday.A.&gives&&&&B.&gave&&&&&&C.&will&giving&&&&D.&is&going&to&giving12.&He&________&to&us&as&soon&as&he&gets&there.A.&writes&&&&&&&B.&has&writtenC.&will&write&&&&D.&wrote13.&He&________&in&three&days.A.&coming&back&&&&&&&B.&came&backC.&will&come&back&&&&&D.&is&going&to&coming&back14.&If&it&________&tomorrow,&we'll&go&roller-skating.A.&isn't&rain&&&&&&&B.&won't&rain&&&&&&&C.&doesn't&rain&&&&D.&doesn't&fine15.&-&Will&his&parents&go&to&see&the&Terra&Cotta&Warriors&tomorrow?-&No,&________&（不去）.A.&they&willn't&&&&B.&they&won't.&&&&&C.&they&aren't&&&&D.&they&don't.16.&Who&________&we&________&swimming&with&tomorrow&afternoon?A.&&go&&&&B.&&go&&&&&&&C.&&going&&&&D.&&go17.&We&________&the&work&this&way&next&time.A.&do&&&&B.&will&do&&&&&&&C.&going&to&do&&&&D.&will&doing18.&Tomorrow&he&________&a&kite&in&the&open&air&first,&and&then&________&boating&in&the&park.A.&will&&will&go&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&will&&goesC.&is&going&to&&will&goes&&&&&&D.&&will&go19.&The&day&after&tomorrow&they&________&a&volleyball&match.A.&will&watching&&&&B.&watchesC.&is&watching&&&&&&D.&is&going&to&watch20.&There&________&a&birthday&party&this&Sunday.A.&shall&be&&&&&&B.&will&be&&&&&&&&C.&shall&going&to&be&&&&&D.&will&going&to&be21.&They&________&an&English&evening&next&Sunday.A.&are&having&&&&B.&are&going&to&haveC.&will&having&&&&D.&is&going&to&have22.&________&you&________&free&next&Sunday?A.&W&are&&&&B.&W&be&&&&&&&C.&Do;&be&&&&D.&A&be23.&He&________&there&at&ten&tomorrow&morning.A.&will&&&&B.&is&&&&C.&will&be&&&D.&be24.&________&your&brother&________&a&magazine&from&the&library?A.&A&going&to&borrow&&&&B.&Is;&going&to&borrowC.&W&borrows&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&A&going&to&borrows25.&-&Shall&I&come&again&tomorrow&afternoon?-________&（好的）.A.&Yes,&please&&&&B.&Yes,&you&will.&&&&&&&&&&C.&No,&please&&&&&D.&No,&you&won't.26.&It&________&the&year&of&the&horse&next&year.A.&is&going&to&be&&&&&&B.&is&going&to&&&&&&C.&will&be&&&&D.&will&is27.&________&open&the&window?A.&Will&you&please&&&&B.&Please&will&you&&&&&&&&C.&You&please&&&&&&&&D.&Do&you28.&-&Let's&go&out&to&play&football,&shall&we?-&OK.&I&________.A.&will&coming&&&&&B.&be&going&to&come&&&&&&&&&&C.&come&&&&D.&am&coming29.&It&________&us&a&long&time&to&learn&English&well.A.&takes&&&&B.&will&take&&&&&&C.&spends&&&&D.&will&spend30.&The&train&________&at&11.A.&going&to&arrive&&&&B.&will&be&arrive&&&&&&&&&C.&is&going&to&&&&&&&&D.&is&arriving参考答案：一、1.&am&leaving&;&will&finish&;&leave&&&&2.&will&;&study&;&plan&;&hope&;&will&;&do&;&leave&;&will&return&;&get3.&am&;&will&&4.&will&give&&5.&will&snow&&6.&Will,&be&;&will&visit&&7.&Shall&;&get8.&will&be&&&9.&won't&believe&;&sees&&&&&10.&will&win二、1.&C&&&&2.&D&&&&&3.&D&&&&&4.&D&&&&&5.&D&&&&&6.&B&&&&&7.&C&&&&&8.&D9.&B&&&&10.&B&&&&11.&D&&&&12.&C&&&&13.&C&&&&14.&C&&&&15.&B&&&&16.&D17.&B&&&18.&A&&&&19.&D&&&&20.&B&&&&21.&B&&&&22.&B&&&&23.&C&&&&24.&B25.&A&&&26.&A&&&&27.&A&&&&&28.&D&&&29.&B&&&&30.&D四、过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个&将来&时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句。例如：A)&When&I&thought&about&it&,&I&wondered&what&their&reaction&would&be&.&当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She&told&me&that&she&would&go&on&trip&to&Europe&the&next&day.&她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He&didn't&expect&that&we&would&all&be&there.&他没料到我们会全在那儿。B)&During&that&period&,&he&would&do&morning-exercises&every&day.&在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenever&he&had&time,&he&would&help&his&mother&with&some&housework.&无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。C)&No&matter&how&difficult&the&work&was&,&he&would&keep&on&doing&it&until&he&accomplished&it&.&不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They&knew&that&we&would&never&permit&such&a&thing.&他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even&after&the&lecture&ended,&the&audience&would&not&leave&.&甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。过去将来时基本结构过去将来时由would,&was/were&going&to,&was/were&to&was/were&about&to等加动词原形构成,&也可由was/were&on&the&point&of加动名词构成。例句：I&knew&you&would&agree.&我知道你会同意的。I&said&I&would&arrange&everything.&我说我来安排一切。过去将来时练习题I.&选择填空1.&Li&Ming&said&he&_____happy&if&Brian_____to&China&next&month.A.&&come&B.&&would&comeC.&would&&came&D.&will&&come2.&Jenny&said&she&_____her&holiday&in&China.A.&spent&B.&would&spentC.&was&going&to&spent&D.&would&spend3.&—What&did&your&son&say&in&the&letter?—He&told&me&that&he&______&the&Disney&World&the&next&day.A.&will&visit&&&&&&&&&&B.&has&visitedC.&is&going&to&visit&&&D.&would&visit4.&I&hoped&Tina&______&to&my&birthday&party&on&time&the&next&Wednesday.A.&to&come&&B.&is&comingC.&will&come&&D.&was&coming5.&Father&said&that&he&______&me&to&Beijing&the&next&year.A.&took&&&B.&would&takeC.&takes&&&D.&will&take6.&We&were&not&sure&whether&they&______&more&vegetables.A.&are&going&to&grow&&B.&were&going&to&growC.&will&grow&&&&&&&&&&D.&have&grown7.&She&______&to&work&when&the&telephone&rang.A.&is&going&&&&&B.&will&goC.&was&about&to&go&&D.&&is&to&goII.&用所给动词的适当形式填空1.&Miss&Zhang&said&she&________(visit)&the&Great&Wall&next&summer.2.&She&told&him&that&she&________(not&stay)&here&for&long.3.&I&wasn’t&sure&whether&Lucy_______(come)&the&next&year.4.&The&scientists&said&the&world’s&population&_______&(slow)&down&in&future.5.&She&said&the&bus&_______(leave)&at&five&the&next&morning.6.&I&wasn't&sure&whether&he&_______(lend)&me&his&book&the&next&morning.7.&He&was&fifty-six.&In&two&years&he&_______(be)&fifty-eight.8.&Whenever&she&has&time,&she&______(help)&them&in&their&work.Key:I.&1-7&CDDDBBCII.&1.&would&visit&2.&would&not&stay&3.&would&come&4.&would&slow&5.&was&leaving&6.&would&lend&7.&would&be&8.&would&help五、现在进行时（一）结构由&Be(am／is／are)&＋动词—ing&构成。（二）用法1、表示说话时刻正在进行的动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内的一段时间正在进行的动作。常用时间状语及标志词：now(&at&the&moment&)&,&listen&,&look&,&this&week&,&this&evening&,&these&days&等。Listen&,&Someone&is&playing&the&piano&in&the&next&room&.2、表示一种渐进的过程。My&younger&brother&is&becoming&more&and&more&insterested&in&English&.3、与always&,&all&the&time&,&forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。例如：He&is&always&thinking&of&others&,&not&of&himself&.&（表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。She&is&often&doing&well&at&school.&（表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。Are&you&feeling&better&today?&（表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One&of&my&roommates&is&constantly&leaving&things&about.（表示不满）我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。Some&sellers&are&often&knocking&at&our&door&and&promoting&their&products&to&us&.（表示不喜欢）&有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。4、表示移位的动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来。She&is&leaving&for&Beijing&next&weak&.My&friend&is&coming&for&dinner&.（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+&be(am／is／are)&＋动词—ing&+其他。I&am&studying&now&.2、否定句：主语+&be&+not+动词—ing&+其他。I&am&not&studying&now&.3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing&+其他？Is&she&studying&now&?&&Yes&,she&is&./No,she&isn’t&.4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+&Be+主语+动词—ing&+其他？What&are&you&doing&now&?（四）动词的现在分词形式构成的几种方法：1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing&。read-reading&，go-going&，visit-visiting2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing。live-living,&write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、&以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词，双写这个字母再加-ing&。sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting4、少数几个以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-ing。die-dying,&lie-lying,&tie-tying现在进行时练习题一、&写出下列动词的现在分词：play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The&boy&__________________&(&draw)a&picture&now.2.&Listen&.Some&girls&__________(&sing)in&the&classroom&.3.&My&mother&____________&(&cook&)some&nice&food&now.4.&What&_____&you&______&(&do&)&now?5.&Look&.&They&_____________(&have)&an&English&lesson&.6.They&____________(not&,water)&the&flowers&now.7.Look!&the&girls&____________(dance&)in&the&classroom&.8.What&is&our&granddaughter&doing?She&_________(listen&)&to&music.9.&It's&5&o'clock&now.&We&___________(have)supper&now10.______Helen__________(wash&)clothes?&Yes&,she&is现在进行时态提高题一.填空题1．Mr&Zheng&_______________&(read)&a&book&now.2.&The&rabbits&&_________________&(jump)&now.3..&Look&!&Tom&and&John&________________&(swim).4.&My&brother&_________________&(make)&a&kite&in&his&room&now.5.&Look!&The&bus&_______________&(stop).6.&We&_______________&(have)&an&English&class&now.7.&Listen!&Someone&is__________________(come).8.&They&___________________(catch)&butterflies&now.9.&He&&&______________________&(do)&an&experiment&now.10.&They&&_____________________(collect)&stamps&now.11.&Look!&He&_________&(dive)&now.12.&Tom&__________________&(&watch&)&TV&in&the&dining&room.13.&The&doctors&_____________________&(get&)&off&the&bus.14.&Come&on.&They&&_________________&(&leave&)&now.15.&It&_______________________&(eat)&fish&now.16.&My&father&__________________(work)&in&the&office&now.17.&Where&is&your&mother?She&________________________&(answer)&the&phone.18.&The&teachers&________________&(run)&now.二、用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_________you__________(do)?2.I_____________(sing)&an&English&song.3.What________he____________(mend)?4.He______________(mend)&a&car.5.______you__________(fly)&a&kite?Yes,_______.6.______she___________(sit)&in&the&boat?7.______you_____________(ask)&questions?8.We_______________(play)&games&now.六、过去进行时（一）结构由was/were+动词-ing构成。（二）用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at&this&time&yesterday，at&7:00&yesterday&，last&night&,from&seven&to&nine&,at&that&time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。My&family&were&watching&TV&at&this&time&yesterday&.注意：（1）以when引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。When&he&called&me&,&I&was&having&dinner&.（2）以while引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……的时候，同时”。Tom&was&doing&his&hmework&while&hie&sister&was&watching&TV&.过去进行时练习题一、用动词的适当形式填空1.&While&we&__________&(wait)&for&the&bus,&a&girl&__________&(run)&up&to&us.2.&I&__________&(telephone)&a&friend&when&Bob&__________&(come)&in.3.&Jim&__________&(jump)&on&the&bus&as&it&__________&(move)&away.4.&We&__________&(test)&the&new&machine&when&the&electricity&__________&(go)&off.5.&She&__________&(not&want)&to&stay&in&bed&while&the&others&_______________&(all,&work)&in&the&fields.6.&While&mother&________&(put)&Cathy&to&bed,&the&door&bell&________&(ring).7.&As&I&__________&(walk)&in&the&park,&it&__________&(begin)&to&rain.8.&Even&when&she&___________&(be)&a&child&she&________________&(already,&think)&of&becoming&a&ballerina&(芭蕾舞演员).9.&It&was&quite&late&at&night.&George&__________&(read)&and&Amy&__________&(ply)&her&needle&when&they&__________&(hear)&a&knock&at&the&door.10.&There&__________&(be)&a&group&round&the&fire&when&they&__________&(reach)&it.&An&old&woman&__________&(sit)&on&the&ground&near&the&&two&small&children&__________&(lie)&near&&a&donkey&__________&(bend)&his&head&over&a&tall&girl.11.&I&_____&(have)&my&breakfast&at&half&past&six&yesterday&morning.12.&Mary&_____&(go)&over&her&lessons&from&six&to&seven&last&night.&John&and&peter&____(do)&the&same&thing.13.&What&_____&you&___&(do)&at&that&time?&&&We&_____&(watch)&TV.14.&Was&your&father&at&home&yesterday&evening?&Yes&,he&was.&He&_____&(listen)&to&the&radio.15.&They&_____(not&make)&a&model&ship&when&I&saw&him.16.&_____&they&____&(have)&a&meeting&at&4&yesterday&afternoon?No,&they&_____.&They&_____&(clean)&the&classroom.17.&______&it&______(rain)&when&you&left&school?&&Yes,&it&____.&(No,&it&____)18.&What&_____&your&father&_____&(do)&when&he&was&your&age?19.&One&day,&Edison&_____&(wait)&for&a&train&to&arrive,&and&suddenly&a&little&boy&ran&to&the&track(轨道)&to&play.20.&He&asked&me&if&I&______&(go)&fishing&that&afternoon.21.&The&three&of&them&were&in&a&hurry&because&their&plane&_____&(leave)&in&five&minutes.22.&In&a&letter,&john&told&us&that&he&_____&(come)&to&china&next&month.23.&When&the&bell&rang,&jenny&_____&(wait)&in&her&seat.24.&She&_____&(make)&her&dress&the&whole&afternoon.25.&While&my&father&____&(look)&through&the&evening&paper,&he&suddenly&____&a&cry.26.&When&I&____&(come)&in&the&room,&he&____&(see)&me,&for&he&____&(read)&something27.&When&we&_____&(arrive)&at&the&village,&it&_____&(get)&dark&and&it&_____&(rain)&hard.28.&I&_____&(know)&you&____(wait)&for&me&here.29.&One&day&a&little&monkey&____(play)&in&a&tall&tree.&A&mother&crocodile(鳄鱼)&____&(look)&for&food&near&the&bank.30.&What&____&your&father&____&(do)&yesterday&evening?&He&____&(study)&at&the&evening&school.31.&Later&his&parents&found&that&he&_____&(sit)&on&some&eggs.32.&When&he&knocked&at&the&door,&my&aunt&____&(cook)33.&The&students&______&(sing)&and&____&(dance)&happily&on&the&playground&at&that&time.34.&I&____&(write)&a&letter&when&the&door&bell&rang.35.&We&had&no&classed&at&that&time.&We&____&(plant)&trees.二、&选择题1.I&______&cooked&a&meal&when&you&_____&me.a.&cooked,&were&ringing&&&&&&&&&b.&was&cooking,&rangc.&was&cooking,&were&ringing&&&&&&&&d.&cooked,&rang2.He&said&he&_____&to&draw&a&plane&on&the&blackboard&at&that&time.a.&tries&&&&&&&&&&&&b.&tried&&&&&&&&&&&c.&was&trying&&&&&&&&&&d.&will&try3.While&she&______&TV,&she&______&a&sound&outside&the&room.a.&was&watching,&was&hearing&&&&&&&&b.&watched,&was&hearingc.&watched,&heard&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d.&was&watching,&heard4.They&_____&a&football&game&from&7&to&9&last&night.a.&were&watching&&&&&&&&&&&b.&watch&&&&&&&&&c.&watched&&&&&&d.&are&watching5.What&book&____&you&______&when&I&____&you&at&four&yesterday&afternoon?a.&did,&read,&was&seeing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&b.&did,&read,&sawc.&were,&reading,&saw&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d.&were,&reading,&was&seeing6.It&was&Friday&evening.&Mr&and&Mrs.&Green&_____&ready&to&fly&to&England.a.&are&getting&&&&&&&&&&b.&get&&&&&&c.&were&getting&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d.&got7.Lei&Feng&_____&always&_____&of&others&when&he&______&in&the&army.a.&is,&thinking,&was&&&&&&&&b.&was,&thinking,&is&&&&&&&&c.&did,&think,&is&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d.&was,&thinking,&was8.A&girl&______&my&pen&fall&off&the&table&when&she&_____&me.a.&saw,&passed&&b.&was&seeing,&passed&c.&was&seeing,&passed&&d.&was&seeing,&was&passing9.We&____&for&tom&at&ten&last&Sunday.&He&often&kept&us&______.a.&were&waiting,&waiting&&&&&&&&b.&were&waiting,&wait&&&&&c.&waited,&waiting&&&d.&waited,&wait10.He&____&his&father&on&the&farm&the&whole&afternoon&last&Saturday.a.&helps&&&&&&&&&&b.&would&help&&&&&&&&&c.&was&helping&&&&&&&&d.&is&helping11.While&mother&_______&some&washing,&I&_____&a&kite&for&Kate.a.&did,&made&&&&&&&&&&&b.&was&doing,&made&c.&was&doing,&was&making&&&&d.&did,&was&making12.&_______&you&angry&then?&&&they&______&too&much&noise.&a.&are,&were&making&&&&&&&&&&&&&&b.&were,&were&making&&&&c.&are,&made&&&&d.&were,&made13.He&____&some&cooking&at&that&time,&so&_____&mea.&did,&heard&&&b.&did,&didn't&hear&&c.&was&doing,&heard&&&&&&&&d.&was&doing,&didn't&hear14.This&time&yesterday&jack&_____&his&bike.&He&_____&TVa.&repaired,&didn't&watch&&&&&&&&&&&&&&b.&was&repairing,&watchedc.&repaired,&watched&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d.&was&repairing,&wasn't&watching15.His&parents&wanted&to&know&how&he&_____&on&with&his&new&classmates.a.&was&getting&&&&&&&&&b.&gets&&&&&c.&is&getting&&&&&d.&will&get七、现在完成时（一）含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系,&也就是说,&动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。e.g.&I&have&lost&my&wallet.&(含义是：现在我没有钱花了。)Jane&has&laid&the&table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了。)Michael&has&been&ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱。)He&has&returned&from&abroad.&(含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构助动词have&/has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have&。（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+have&/has+动词过去分词+其他。I&have&studied&English&for&5&years&.2、否定句：主语+have&/has+not&+动词过去分词+其他。We&haven’t&been&there&.3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Has&he&eaten&that&apple&?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+&have&/has&+主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的情况,常与for,&since连用。e.g.&Mary&has&been&ill&for&three&days.I&have&lived&here&since&1998.2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,&如already,&yet,&just,&before,&recently,&lately等：e.g.&He&has&already&obtained&a&scholarship.I&haven’t&seen&much&of&him&recently&&(lately).We&have&seen&that&film&before.Have&they&found&the&missing&child&yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often,&sometimes,&ever,&never,&twice,&on&several&occasion等：e.g.&Have&you&ever&been&to&Beijing?I&have&never&heard&Bunny&say&anything&against&her.I&have&used&this&pen&only&three&times.&It&is&still&good.George&has&met&that&gentleman&on&several&occasions.4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用，如now,&up&to&these&few&days/weeks/months/years,&this&morning/week/month/year,&now,&just,&today,&up&to&present,&so&far等。e.g.&Peter&has&written&six&papers&so&far.Man&has&now&learned&to&release&energy&from&the&nucleus&of&the&atom.There&has&bee&too&much&rain&this&year.The&relations&between&us&have&been&enhanced&in&the&past&few&years.Up&to&the&present&everything&has&been&successful.5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成的动作,&虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,&但是有一些现在完成时的句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。e.g.&Thomas&has&studied&Russian.&(现在不再学俄语)Thomas&has&studied&Russian&for&three&years.&&(=Thomas&began&to&study&Russian&three&years&ago,&and&is&still&studying&it&now.)6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。e.g.&We&have&had&four&texts&this&semester.现在完成时中的时间状语：★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前,&be动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：We&have&already&cleaned&the&classroom.Have&you&finished&it&already？★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”。例如：—Has&he&found&his&watch&yet？他还没找到他的表吗？—No,&not&yet.&&是,&还没有。★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：Have&you&ever&been&there？你曾经去过那里吗？Nothing&has&ever&happened&here.&这里未曾发生过什么事。★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”,&是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever与否定词not连用相当于never。例如：I&haven’t&ever&spoken&to&her.&=&I&have&never&spoken&to&her.&我从未跟她讲过话。★just意为“刚刚”,&用于现在完成时,&表示行为刚刚过去,&位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g.&He&has&just&come&back&from&school.他刚从学校回来。★&just&now意为“刚才”,&表示过去某时,&用于一般过去时,&位于句首或句尾均可。e.g.&He&came&from&school&just&now.他刚才从学校回来。★for&和since的用法及区别。for&与一段时间连用，since&与时间点连用。注意：since&后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g.&I&have&been&to&Shanghai&twice&since&1970.I&haven’t&seen&her&since&she&left&Shanghai.I&saw&Ping&Ping&six&years&ago.&Since&I&havenever&seen&her.★have/has&gone&to、have/has&been&to&和have/hasbeen&in的区别。have/&has&gone&to&&&去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,&人还未回来have/&has&been&to&&&曾经去过,&人已经回来了have/&has&been&in&&&已经在,&常与一段时间连用e.g.&She&has&been&to&Shanghai&before.&&她以前曾去过上海。She&has&been&in&Shanghai&for&ten&years.&&她在上海10年了。Has&he&gone&to&Qingdao?&他去青岛了吗？但不能说&Have&you&gone&to&Qingdao?现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、Both&&his&&parents&&look&&sad&.Maybe&they&&_________what's&&happened&&to&&him&.Ａ.&&knew&&Ｂ.&&have&known&&&Ｃ.&&must&know&&&Ｄ.will&know2、He&&has&&_______&been&&to&&Shanghai&,&has&&he&?Ａ.&&already&&&Ｂ.never&&&&Ｃ.ever&&&&Ｄ.&still3、Have&&you&&met&&Mr&&Li&______？Ａ.&&just&&&Ｂ.&&ago&&&&&Ｃ.before&&&Ｄ.&&a&moment&ago4、The&famous&writer&_____&one&new&book&in&the&past&two&yearＡ.&is&&writing&&&&Ｂ.was&&writing&&&&Ｃ.wrote&&Ｄ.has&&written5、-Our&country&&______&a&lot&so&far&.-Yes&.&I&hope&it&will&be&even&______&.Ａ.&has&&changed&;&well&&&Ｂ.&&changed&;&goodＣ.&has&&changed&;&better&Ｄ.&&changed&;&better6、Zhao&Lan&______already&&______in&this&school&for&two&years&.Ａ.&was&;&studying&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Ｂ.&will&;&studyＣ.&has&;&studied&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Ｄ.&are&;&studying7、We&______&Xiao&&Li&&since&&she&&was&&a&&little&&girl&.Ａ.&know&&&Ｂ.&&had&&known&&&Ｃ.&have&&known&&&Ｄ.&&Knew8、Harry&Potter&is&a&very&nice&film&.I_______&it&twice&.Ａ.&&will&&see&&&&&Ｂ.&&have&&seen&&&&&Ｃ.&&saw&&&Ｄ.see9、-These&&farmers&&have&&been&&to&&the&&United&&States&.-Really&?&When&_____&&there&?Ａ.&will&&they&&go&&&&&&Ｂ.&&did&&they&&goＣ.&&do&&they&&go&&&&&&Ｄ.&&have&&they&&gone10、-______&you&___&your&&homework&&yet&?-Yes&.&I&_____&&it&&a&&moment&&ago&.Ａ.&&Did&;&do&;&finished&&&&Ｂ.&&Have&;&done&;&finishedＣ.&&Have&;&done&;&have&&finished&&&Ｄ.&&will&;&do&;&finish11、&His&&father&&______&the&&Party&&since&&1978&.Ａ.&&joined&&&&Ｂ.&&has&joined&&Ｃ.&&was&in&Ｄ.&&has&&been&&in12、-Do&you&know&him&well&?-&&Sure&.We&_________&friends&since&ten&years&ago&.Ａ.&&were&&&&Ｂ.&have&been&&Ｃ.&have&become&&&Ｄ.&have&made13、-How&long&have&you&&____&here&?-About&two&months&.Ａ.&&been&&&&&Ｂ.&&gone&&&&&Ｃ.&&come&&Ｄ.&&arrived14、Hurry&&up!&The&&play&__________&for&&ten&&minutes&.Ａ.&&has&&begun&Ｂ.&&had&&begun&Ｃ.&&has&&been&&onＤ.&&began15、&It&&_____&ten&&years&&since&&he&&left&&the&&army&.Ａ.&&is&&&Ｂ.&&has&&&&Ｃ.&&will&&&&Ｄ.&&was16、&Miss&&Green&&isn't&&in&&the&&office&.&she_______&&to&&the&&library&.Ａ.has&&gone&&Ｂ.&went&&&Ｃ.will&&go&&&Ｄ.&&has&&been17、My&&parents&______&&Shandong&&for&&ten&&years&.Ａ.&&have&&been&&in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Ｂ.&have&&been&&toＣ.&&have&&gone&&to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Ｄ.&have&&been18、The&students&have&cleaned&the&classroom,&&&&&&?A.&so&they&&&B.&don't&they&&&C.&have&they&&&D.&haven't&they19、has&Mr&White&been&a&member&of&Greener&China&since&he&&&&&&&&to&China?A.&How&soon,&comes&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&How&often,&gotC.&How&long,&came&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&How&far,&arrived20、&His&uncle&&&&&&&&for&more&than&9&years.A.&has&come&here&&&&&&&&&&&B.&has&started&to&workC.&has&lived&there&&&&&&&&&&&D.&has&left&the&university二、句型转换3、The&old&man&_________&last&year.&He&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&for&a&year.&(die)&（动词填空）4、This&factory&opened&twenty&years&ago.(同义句转换)This&factory&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&________&for&twenty&years.5、Miss&Gao&left&an&hour&ago.&&(同义句转换)Miss&Gao&________&_______&________&________&an&hour&ago.6、Her&mother&has&been&a&Party&member&for&three&years&.（同义句）Her&&mother&_______&the&&Party&&three&&years&&________&.7、The&Green&Family&moved&to&France&two&years&ago.&(同义句转换)_______&two&years&________&the&Green&family&moved&to&Fra&nce.8、The&bus&has&arrived&here.&It&arrived&ten&minutes&ago.&(把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so&&far（到目前为止），in&&the&&past/&last&+&一段时间&等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与&for&+时间段或since&+过去时间点&连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three&&times（三次），several&&times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday&,&last&&week&,&a&&moment&&ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B&&&&13、A&&&&&14、C&&&&&15、A。16、&have/has&&gone&&to&+&地点&表示&某人去了某地（还未回来）&，指主语所指的人不在这儿。&have/has&&been&&in&+&地点&表示&在某地呆了多长时间&，常与表示时间的状语连用。&have/has&&been&&to&&+地点&表示&曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。&故16的正确答案为A。17、A&&&&18、D&&&&&19、C&&&&&20、C二、句型转换。1、has&he?&&&&&&&&&&&&&2、How&long&&&&&&&&&&&&3、died,&has&been&dead4、has&been&open&&&&&&&5、has&been&away&&&&&&&6、joined；ago7、It&is,&since&&&&&&&&8、The&bus&has&been&here&for&ten&minutes.八、过去完成时（一）过去完成时的概念过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生的动作或状态，即过去的过去。图示如下：----|--------------------------&|---------------------------|-----------------------&过去完成　&&&&&&&&&&&&&过去&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&现在　　　　　　将来（二）构成1、肯定句：主语+had＋过去分词When&we&got&there,&the&football&match&had&already&started.2、否定句：主语+had&not+过去分词He&hadn’t&worked&for&two&years&by&then.3、疑问句：had+主语+过去分词…？Had&he&finished&the&work&by&last&month?（三）用法1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态;&句中常用by,&before,&until,&when等词引导的时间状语。e.g.&By&the&time&she&got&up,&her&brother&had&already&gone&into&the&bathroom.2、过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。例如：Before&he&slept,&he&had&worked&for&12&hours.3、在told,&said,&knew,&heard,&thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She&said&(that)&she&had&never&been&to&Paris.4、在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When&the&police&arrived,&the&thieves&had&run&away.5、by&the&time&“直到……时候”。指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间。如：By&the&time&we&got&to&his&house,&he&had&finished&supper.6、表示意向的动词,&如hope,&wish,&expect,&think,&intend,&mean,&suppose等,&用过去完成时表示&“原本…，未能…”。例如：We&had&hoped&that&you&would&come,&but&you&didn't.过去完成时练习题1.&单项选择1．He&asked&me&_____&during&the&summer&holidays.A.&where&I&had&been&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&where&I&had&goneC.&where&had&I&been&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&where&had&I&gone2.&What&____&Jane&____&by&the&time&he&was&sever?A.&did,&do&&&&&&&&&&&B.&has,&&done&&&&&&C&did,&did.&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&had,&&done3.&I&______&900&English&words&by&the&time&I&was&ten。A.&learned&&&&&&&&&&B.&was&learning&&&&&&C.&had&learned&&&&&&&&D.&learnt4.&She&______lived&here&for&______&years.A.&had,&&a&few&&&&&&B.&has,&&several&&&&C.&had,&&a&lot&of&&&D.&has,&&a&great&deal&of5.&By&the&time&my&parents&reached&home&yesterday,&I&_____&the&dinner&already.A．had&cooked&&&&&&&B.&cooked&&&&&&&&&C.&have&cooked&&&&&&&&D.&was&cooked6.&She&said&she&__________&the&principle&alreadyA&.has&seen&&&&&&&&&&B.&saw&&&&&&&&&&&&C.&will&see&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&had&seen7.&She&said&her&family&_______&themselves&______&the&army&during&the&war.A.&has&hidden,&from&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&had&hidden,&fromC.&has&hidden,&with&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&had&hidden,&with8.&By&the&time&he&was&ten&years&old,&he&_________.A.&&has&completed&university&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&has&completed&the&universityB.&&had&completed&an&university&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&had&completed&university9.&She&had&written&a&number&of&books&______&the&end&of&last&year.A.&for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&C.&by&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&at10.&He&_____&to&play&____&before&he&was&11&years&old.A&had&learned,&piano&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&had&learned,&the&pianoC.&has&learned,&the&piano&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&learns&,piano.11.&What&_______&Annie&____&by&the&time&he&was&ten?A.&did,&do&&&&&&&&&B.&did,&did&&&&&&&&C.&has,&done&&&&&&&&&D.&had&done12&.He&___&in&the&factory&for&three&years&before&he&joined&the&Army.A.&has&worked&&&&&&B.&works&&&&&&&&&C.&had&worked&&&&&&&&D.&will&work13.&By&the&end&of&last&week,&they&____&the&bridge.A.&has&completed&&&&B.&completed&&&&&C.&will&complete&&&&&&D.&had&completed14.&Ben&hates&playing&_____&violin,&&but&he&likes&playing&____&football.A.&a…the&&&&&&&&&&B.&the…&the&&&&&&&C.&/&…the&&&&&&&&&&&D.&the…/15.&By&the&time&he&was&4,&&he&______&a&lot&of&German&words.A.&had&learned&&&&&&B.&has&learned&&&&&C.&learned&&&&&&&&&&&D.&learns16&.Jim&turned&off&the&lights&and&then&_____&the&classroom.A.&was&left&&&&&&&&&B.&had&left&&&&&&&&C.&has&left&&&&&&&&&&&D.&left17.They&_________&in&Guangzhou&since&2000.A.&lived&&&&&&&&&&&B.&had&lived&&&&&&&C.&have&lived&&&&&&&&D.&were&living18.&The&train&from&Beijing_______&ten&minutes&ago.A.&has&arrived&&&&&&B.&was&arriving&&&&&C.&arrived&&&&&&&&&&&D.&had&arrived19.&The&students&_________&their&classroom&when&the&visitors&arrived.A&.&have&cleaned&&&B.&had&cleaned&&&&&&C.&was&cleaned&&&&&D.&have&been&cleaned20.&Fergie_______&the&project&in&one&hour.A.&have&finished&&&&&B.&will&finish&&&&&&C.&finishes&&&&&&&&&&D.&has&finished21.&The&man&________&his&coat&and&went&out.A.&put&on&&&&&&&&&B.&had&put&on&&&&&&&C.&will&put&on&&&&&&D.&was&putting&on22&My&mother______&in&that&factory&at&the&age&of&18.A.&had&worked&&&&&B.&has&worked&&&&&&C.&worked&&&&&&&&D.&works23.&Dad&________&while&he&_______&TV.A&.fell&asleep…watch&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&was&falling&asleep…watchedC.&fell&asleep……was&watching&&&&&&&&&&&D.&had&fallen&asleep…watched2.用动词的适当形式填空1.&We&_____________&(paint)&the&house&before&we&______________&(move)&in.2.&That&rich&old&man&_____________&(make)&a&will&before&he&_____________&(die).3.&They&_____________&(study)&the&map&of&the&country&before&they&________&(leave).4.&The&robbers&_____________&(run&away&)&before&the&policemen&_______&&(arrive).5.&I&__________&(turn&off)&all&the&lights&before&I&____________&(go)&to&bed.6.&Paul&__________&(go)&out&with&Jane&after&he&__________&(make)&&a&phone&call.7.&Tom&__________&(say)&he&___________&(read)&the&book&twice.8.&Our&plan&____________&(fail&)&because&we&_____________&(make)&a&bad&mistake.9.&When&the&chairman&______________&(finish)&speaking,&he&_____________&(leave)the&hall.10.The&Reads&__&&&&______&&(have)&lunch&when&I&________________(get)&to&their&house.11.When&I&______________(arrive)&at&the&station,&he&____________________(leave).12..We&_______________(learn)&about&4000&English&words&by&the&end&of&last&term.13.&I&waited&until&he&_______________(finish)&his&homework.14.&We&were&surprised&at&what&she&________already&______(do)15.She&____________(not&go)&to&Qingdao&because&she&________________&(go)&there&before.16.&He&______________(not&tell)&you&the&news&yet.17.&He&said&he&_____________already_________(give)&the&book&to&the&teacher.18.&I&______________(be)&to&Shanghai&before.19.&She&told&me&she&_________________(be)&to&Sanya&three&times.20.She&_____________(play)&the&guitar&while&her&sister_______________(sing).The&passive&voice一、语态英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态.&主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,在被动语态中动作&的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.二、被动语态的构成助动词be+及物动词的过去分词一般现在时：am/is/&are&+动词的过去分词The&house&is&cleaned&every&day.一般过去时：was/were&+动词的过去分词He&was&tought&a&lesson&yesterday.三、被动语态的用法1.&不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态.eg.&My&bike&was&stolen&yesterday.This&car&is&made&in&American.2.&不必要说出动作执行者时,常用被动语态。eg.&Rome&was&not&built&in&a&day.3.&为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.eg.&Thousands&of&beaches&are&polluted&.四、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:They&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&speak&&&&&&&&&&&&&English.　　　　　　主语&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&谓语&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&宾语English&&&&&&&&&&&&&is&spoken&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&by&them.主语&&&&&&&&&&&&谓语动词的过去分词&&&&&&&&&&&&&&宾语(1)主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。(2)主动语态的谓语动词变为被动语态的谓语动词，即”“be+及物动词的过去分词”(be有时态、人称和数的变化)。(3)主动语态的主语变为by的宾语。Bell&invented&the&telephone&in&1876&.The&telephone&was&invented&by&Bell&in&1876&.五、被动语态的时态表示被动语态的时态一般只通过be表现,&过去分词不变。例如：一般现在时:&The&trees&are&planted&by&the&farmers.一般过去时:&The&trees&were&planted&by&the&farmers.现在进行时:&The&trees&are&being&planted&by&the&farmers.一般将来时：The&trees&will&be&planted&by&the&farmers.现在完成时：The&trees&have&been&planted&by&the&farmers.含情态动词的被动语态：The&trees&can(must,should)&be&planted&by&the&farmers.六、被动语态的几种句型：肯定句&&&&主语+be+过去分词+(by…)A&sweet&song&was&sung&by&her&on&the&stage.否定句&&&&主语+be+not+过去分词+(by…)A&sweet&song&wasn’t&sung&by&her&on&the&stage.一般疑问句&&&Be+主语+过去分词+(by…)Was&a&sweet&song&sung&by&her&on&the&stage?特殊疑问句&&&疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+(by…)Where&was&a&sweet&song&sung&by&her?请把下列主动句变为被动句:?&They&produced&that&kind&of&car.That&kind&of&car&was&produced&by&them.?&The&workers&built&a&bridge&over&the&river.A&bridge&was&built&by&the&workers&over&the&river.?&Mother&tells&me&a&story&every&day.I&am&told&a&story&by&mother&every&day.练习:&请把下列主动句变为被动句1.&The&woman&asked&the&policeman&for&help.2.&The&old&man&on&TV&tells&a&story&on&Sunday.3.&Do&they&use&the&box&as&a&table?4.&She&sent&me&a&collection&last&week.5.&The&teacher&doesn’t&teach&us&math&this&term.6.&Did&Lily&buy&&her&sister&&a&hat?7.&We&often&hear&him&play&the&violin&at&home.8.&The&lazy&boy&didn’t&wash&clothes&yesterday.9.&Students&listen&to&the&kind&teacher&carefully.10.When&did&your&father&took&you&to&the&&park.The&attributive&clauses一、含义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。　　I&love&singers&&who&&write&their&own&music.先行词&关系词&&&定语从句　　　　I&have&an&apple.&&&&&&&&An&apple&is&red.　　　　﹢I&have&an&apple&&&&&&&that&is&red.修饰先行词&&an&apple　　I&like&singers.&&&&&&&&&&Sings&write&their&own&music.　　　　﹢I&like&singers&&&&&&&&&&who&write&their&own&music.修饰先行词&&singers主格宾格所有格指代人whothatwhom/whothatwhose指代物whichthatwhichthatwhoseof&which当关系代词在从句中作宾语时,关系代词可以省略。He&is&the&man&who&I&met&yesterday.I&prefer&noodles&that&is&really&delicious&.Harry&Potter&is&a&boy&who&fights&with&the&monster.二、用法：who/that&在从句中可担任主语或宾语.1.&I&love&singers&who&(主语)&write&their&own&songs.2.&He&is&the&man&who&(宾语)&I&met&yesterday.3.&I&like&music&that&(宾语)&I&can&dance&to.4.&I&prefer&a&sandwich&that（主语）&is&really&delicious.Who/that&在定语从句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。e.&g.&I&prefer&shoes&that&are&cool.I&have&a&friend&who&plays&sports.用“who”或“that”填空。1.Do&you&know&the&woman&_____&is&wearing&a&blue&dress?2.The&man&______&is&talking&with&my&teacher&is&my&father&.3.&That&book&is&the&one&_____&I&bought&yesterday&.4.&He&is&one&of&the&workers&______&is&saved&in&that&accident&.5.&They&talked&of&the&things&and&persons&______&they&remembered&in&the&factory&.6.&All&______&can&be&done&must&be&done&.语法重点：宾语从句一、概念由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。e.g.&I&know&the&answer.(名词做宾语)I&know&that&Tom&gets&the&answer.(句子做宾语,&叫做宾语从句）二、宾语从句的连接词由陈述句变化而来用that引导,&that可省略；由一般疑问句变化而来,&用if或whether引导；由特殊疑问句变化而来,&用该特殊疑问词引导。　　He&said,&“I&like&playing&basketball.”He&said&that&he&liked&playing&basketball.　　He&asked&me,&“Do&you&like&playing&basketball?”He&asked&me&if&I&liked&playing&basketball.　　He&asked&me,&“Where&do&you&play&basketball?”He&asked&me&where&I&played&basketball.三、宾语从句的语序永远都是陈述句语序e.g.&He&asked&me&who&was&the&boy.&(&?&)He&asked&me&who&the&boy&was.&(&√&)四、宾语从句的时态变化主句是一般现在时,从句可以用任何时态.主句是一般过去时,从句必须是过去时态的一种：一般现在时&&&&&&&&&&&&一般过去时一般过去时&&&&&&&&&&&&过去完成时现在进行时&&&&&&&&&&&&过去进行时一般将来时&&&&&&&&&&&&过去将来时现在完成时&&&&&&&&&&&&过去完成时五、宾语从句的人称变化人称代词要随合理的逻辑而自然变化.六、由who,&what,&how,&which,&whose,&where,&when,&why等引导的宾语从句，特殊疑问词作为引导词，没有疑问的作用，但本身的意思不变。要注意时态的一致和陈述语序。e.g.&The&reporter&will&tell&us&what&he&saw&and&heard&in&Japan.Do&you&know&where&the&Great&Pyramid&is?在初中阶段，我们重点练习where引导的宾从句。Where后面的从句一定要用陈述语序。e.&g.&Do&you&know&where&I&can&get&a&dictionary?Can&you&please&tell&me&where&I&can&get&some&magazines?Ⅰ.合并句子1.&I&don’t&know.&Where&is&the&post&office?I&don’t&know&where&the&post&office&is.2.&Can&you&tell&me?&Why&was&Susan&late&yesterday?Can&you&tell&me&why&Susan&was&late&yesterday?3.&I&want&to&know.Are&there&good&movies?I&want&to&know&if&there&are&good&movies.4.&Could&you&tell&me?&When&did&he&start&playing&football?Could&you&tell&me&when&he&started&playing&football.Ⅱ.&把以下句子翻译成英语。1.你能告诉我哪里可以找到一本字典？Can&you&tell&me&where&I&can&get&a&dictionary?2.你能告诉我怎么到那里么？Could&you&please&tell&me&how&to&get&there?3.一直向前走。Go&straight&ahead.4.你知道我在哪里可以买到洗发水吗？Do&you&know&where&I&can&buy&shampoo?5.药店在家具店和书店的中间。The&drug&store&is&between&the&furniture&store&and&the&bookstore.6.你能告诉我怎么到邮局吗？Could&you&tell&me&how&to&get&to&the&post&office&?7.坐扶梯到二楼然后右拐。Take&the&escalator&to&the&second&floor&and&turn&right.8.你知道我在哪里可以存钱吗？Do&you&know&where&I&can&save&money?9.银行在你的右边。The&bank&is&on&your&right.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirstheirselves作用主语宾语&表语定语主语&表语&宾语宾语&表语&同位语语法重点:&虚拟语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。英语中有三种语气陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望和假想虚拟的情况或与事实相反的假设。在初中阶段，我们主要掌握它在非真实条件从句中的应用。虚拟语气的句式结构如下图：虚拟情况从句主句与现在事实相反if+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式为were)主语+would(或should,could,might)+动词原形与将来事实可能相反If+主语+should+动词原形/were&to+动词原形主语+would(或should,could,might)+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+had+过去分词主语+would(或should,could,might+have+过去分词e.g.If&I&were&in&the&lion’s&cage,&I’d&call&for&help.If&I&had&a&million&pounds,&I’d&give&it&to&charities.If&they&had&left&earlier,we&wouldn’t&have&missed&the&airplane.If&it&should&rain&tomorrow,&what&would&you&do?Ⅰ.&Complete&the&sentences.1.A:&What&are&you&doing&this&evening?B:&I’m&not&sure.&If&there__isn’t&_(not&be)&anything&good&on&TV,&I&think&I&__will&read__&(read)&a&detective&story.&Or&maybe&I__will&go(go)&to&bed&early.2.A:&What&time&will&Kate&be&home?B:&If&I&__knew_(know)&I&_would&tell_(tell)&you.&But&unfortunately,&she&didn’t&say&anything&&about&it.3.&A:&I’m&so&stressed&out.B:&If&I_were_(be)&you,&I&would&take_(take)&some&time&off.4.&A:&Oh&no!&When&will&the&flight&take&off?B:&We&don’t&have&any&idea&yet.If&it_stops_&(stop)&snowing&this&evening,&then&your&flight__will&depart_&(depart)&some&time&tonight.It’s&too&early&to&tell.&I&will&let_(let)&you&know&if&I_hear_(hear)&any&news.Ⅱ.&Choose&the&right&answer.(&&A&&)&1.&If&my&father&___&here&now,&he&___&tell&me&&what&to&do.A&.&were,&would&&&B.&were,&will&&&C.&is,&will(&A&&)&2.&There&are&_____&birds&here.A.&millions&of&&&B.&five&millions&&C.&five&millions&of(&C&&)&3.&I&would&rather&write&than&______.A.&speaking&&&&B.&to&speak&&&&&C.&speak(&&C&&)4.&Are&you&afraid&_____&in&public.A.&of&speak&&&&B.&speaking&&&C.&to&speak(&&B&&)5.&There&is&______&rain&in&the&south.A.&many&&&B.&plenty&of&&&C.&quite&a&few一.&can和could的区别和用法1.&can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,&或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”。e.g.&Can&you&speak&English？　　&Can&you&make&a&cake？can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的&“猜测”或&“不肯定”。e.g.&Can&the&news&be&true？(在日常会话中,&can可代替may表示“允许”,&may比较正式)2.&could&是&can的过去式,&表示过去有过的能力和可能性,&还有怀疑和不肯定的意思(在否定和疑问句中)。e.&g.&She&couldn’t&skate&when&she&was&five&years&old.　&&&（能力）At&that&time&we&thought&the&story&could&be&true．&&&&&&&（可能性）could用来提问,&是有礼貌的请求.Could...,&please?&语气较为婉转。e.&g.&Could&I&speak&to&Mr.&Smith,&please?二.&may和might的区别和用法:1.&may的用法:&表示“允许”或“请求”。e.&g.&May&I&come&in？在使用这一用法时需注意:&may表示“允许”的,否定形式是must&not,&意思是“不应该”&“不许可”。e.&g.—May&I&take&this&book&out&of&the&reading-room？—No,&you&mustn’t．表示说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。e.&g.&He&may&know&the&answer．may用在感叹句中可表示祝愿或愿望。e.&g.&May&you&succeed．(祝你成功。)May&you&have&a&pleasant&journey．(一路平安。)2.&might的用法:&might可以代替may,&表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。e.&g.&Might&I&take&a&suggestion？might用来表示现在时间时,&还可表示“规劝”。e.&g.&You&might&pay&more&attention&to&spoken&English．三.&must与have&to的区别have&to比较强调客观需要,&must着重说明主观看法。另外have&to能用于更多时态,&比较下面的句子：We&had&to&be&there&at&10:00.We&must&be&there&at&10:00.有时两者都可以用,&意思差别不大。e.&g.&We&must/have&to&leave&now.must在表示说话人对事物的推测时注意它比may肯定得多,&相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。(只有在肯定句中能这样用。)e.g.&This&must&be&your&room．在回答由must引起的问题时,&如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t,&而需要用needn’t或don’t&have&to,&因为mustn’t是“一定不要”的意思。各种预测按照推测的可能性来区别,&must的可能性最大,&may次之。could和might不表示过去时态,&只是表示推测的可能性比较小。　　e.g.&It’s&two&o’clock&now.&He&must&be&in&by&now.He&may&go&back&in&the&fall.He&thinks&it&could&/&might&be&wise&to&try&his&luck&there.2.&情态动词表示推测的几种形式：“情态动词+动词原形”表示对现在情况的推测。例如：This&book&must&be&Tom’s.He&is&looking&for&it.这本书一定是汤姆的。他正在找这本书。“情态动词+be&+v-ing形式”表示对现在正在进行的情况进行推测。例如：At&this&moment,&our&teacher&may&becorrecting&our&exam&papers.此刻，我们老师可能正在批改试卷。“情态动词+have+动词的过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。例如：The&road&is&wet.&It&must&have&rained&last&night.　　路是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。must表示推测时只用于肯定句，表示&很有把握的推测，意为“一定”。例如：Our&teacher&must&be&in&the&office&because&the&light&is&on.&我们的老师一定在办公室,因为灯还亮着。2.&表示否定推测常用can’t，意为“不可能”。e.g.&He&can’t&be&at&home&because&he&has&gone&to&Beijing.他不可能在家，因为他去了北京。Ⅰ.&Choose&the&best&answer1.&I&didn’t&hear&the&phone.&I&_B__&a&sleep.A.&must&be&&&&&&&&&B.&must&have&beenC.&should&be&&&&&&&&D.&should&have&been2.&Mary&__C__&be&in&Paris.&I&saw&her&in&town&only&a&few&minutes&ago.A.&mustn’t&&&&&&&&&B.&shouldn’tC.&can’t&&&&&&&&&&&D.&may&not3.&Peter&_B___&come&with&us&tonight,&but&he&isn’t&very&sure&yet.A.&must&&&B.&may&&&C.&can&&&D.&will4.&I&thought&you&_B___&like&something&to&read,&&so&I&have&brought&you&some&books.A.&may&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B.&mightC.&could&&&&&&&&&&&&D.&must
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