谁能详细地给我讲一下定语从句的用法?
琦琦556oYn
定语从句定语从句是用来修饰,描述或提供有关名词,代词或整个主句信息的从句.它在整个句子中起形容词的作用.被修饰的名词,语法上称作先行词.从句由关系代词或关系副词引导.关系代词和关系副词不仅起引导定语从句,连接先行词的作用,同时还充当定语从句中的一个成分,如:主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语,定语或状语等.定语从句由下列关系代词和关系副词引导:(1) who, whom, that(2) which, that(3) whose(4) when Where why1. 修饰,指代人物关系代词who, that 引导的从句修饰,指代人物,在从句中作主语.(1) 关系代词作主语(1) I thank the woman. She helped me.a. I thank the woman who helped me. b. I thank the woman that helped me.(2) 关系代词作宾语关系代词whom, who, that 在从句中作动词宾语时,修饰,指代人物.Whom 是宾格形式, 常用于较正式的英语中.who和that 常用于口语和非正式的英语中.在口语和非正式英语中更多的情况下,作动词宾语的关系代词常被省略.(2)The man told me to come back.I saw him in the office.a. The man whom I saw in the office told me to come back.b. The man who I saw in the office told me to come back.c. The man that I saw in the office told me to come back.d. The man I saw in the office told me to come back. 我在办公室见到的那为男士叫我回去.注意:1. 引导从句的关系代词一定要放在从句的最前面,例如: 从句whom I saw in the office,虽然关系代词whom 在句子中作动词的宾语,也应放在从句的最前面.2. 从句应尽可能地紧跟在所修饰的名词后面.从句whom I saw in the office是用来修饰the man, 所以应放在the man 后面.(3) 关系代词作介词宾语当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,正式英语中,往往将介词提到关系代词前面.(3) The woman spoke French.I traveled with her.a. The woman with whom I travelled spoke French.和我一起旅行的那位女士讲法语.注意:在这类句子中修饰,指代人物时,只能用whom .关系代词不可以用who 或that. 也不可以省略关系代词.在口语和非正式英语中,介词往往放在原来的位置,即:在谓语动词之后.在这种情况下,关系代词可以是who/ whom/that, 也可以省略.b. The woman whom I travelled with spoke English.c. The woman who I travelled with spoke English.d. The woman that I travelled with spoke English.e. The woman I travelled with spoke English.2. 修饰,指代事物关系代词that, which引导的从句用来修饰,指代事物,它们在从句中可以作句子的主语也可以作宾语.(1) 关系代词作主语例句: Did you hear about the earthquake It happened in San Francisco last week.a. Did you hear about the earthquake that happened in San Francisco last week b. Did you hear about the earthquake which happened in San Francisco last week 你听说上星期在旧金山发生的地震了吗 关系代词that / which引导的定语从句修饰名词earthquake.在从句that / which happened in San Francisco last week 中作句子的主语.""注意:当关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略.a. b. 两例句意思一样. Which 要比that正式一些.(2) 关系代词作宾语例句: The movie wasn't very good.We saw it last night.a. The movie that we saw last night wasn't very good.b. The movie which we saw last night wasn't very good.c. The movie we saw last night wasn't very good.我们昨晚看的那部电影不怎么样.关系代词that / which 引导的从句修饰名词The movie.在从句that we saw last night中,that/ which 作动词saw的宾语.关系代词作动词宾语的时候可以省略.(3) 关系代词作介词宾语在从句中,如果关系代词是作介词的宾语,正式英语中需要前置,即,将介词置于关系代词之前.例句: He is standing on a chair. Is it firm enough a. Is the chair on which he is standing firm enough 他站的那把椅子结实吗 on which he is standing 是which引导的从句,修饰the chair.Which在从句中作介词on的宾语.在英语口语和非正式的英语中,介词可以放在动词的后面.关系代词可以用which, that, 也可以省略.b. Is the chair which he is standing on firm enough c. Is the chair that he is standing on firm enough d. Is the chair he is standing on firm enough 在例句b. c. d. ,从句that he is standing on中的介词后置,关系代词作介词on的宾语,可以用that/which, 也可以省略.(4) 应该使用that的情况有些情况下,that不能与which交换使用.当从句修饰不定代词,如all, everything, something, little, much, none,the only, those 等时,必须用that 来引导从句.在从句中that作动词的直接宾语时,可以省略.例: Listen, there is something (that) I must tell you.听着,有些事情我必须告诉你.b. 如果先行词被上述不定代词所修饰时,引导从句的关系代词也应用that.例: All the apples (that) we picked were sent to the factory.所有的我们摘的苹果都送到工厂去了.c. 如果先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导.例: This is the best novel (that) I know.这是我所知道的最好的一部小说.d. 如果先行词被序数词所修饰,从句应用that 引导.例: The first English film that interested me was Gone with the Wind.第一部使我感兴趣的英文电影是"飘".3. 表示所有格关系whose 用来表示所属关系,它的意思相当于:his, her, its, their等等.Whose 可以用来修饰人,也可以修饰物.whose和它所修饰的名词都置于句首.(1) 修饰人物The man called the police.His wallet was stolen.a. The man whose wallet was stolen called the police.钱包被窃的那个男人给警察打了电话.Whose引导的从句whose wallet was stolen,修饰the man. Whose 在从句中起定语作用,修饰wallet, 意思是his.(2) 修饰事物(2) I'm working in the house.Its walls are made of glass. ( The walls of the house are made of glass.)a. I'm working in the house whose walls are made of glass.我在那座四面墙都是玻璃的房子里工作.whose walls = the walls of the house whose = of which4. 修饰表示时间的名词When 引导的从句往往是用来修饰一个表示时间的名词,如:time, year, month, day, century 等等.When 在从句中起时间状语的作用.(1)I'll never forget the day.I met you then (on that day).a. I'll never forget the day when I met you.b. I'll never forget the day on which I met you.我永远也忘不了见到你的那一天. 例句a. 中when引导的从句修饰the day. When在从句中起时间状语的作用,意思是on the day. 因此,when可以用on which替代.(2)1949 is the year.The new China was founded then (in that year). a. 1949 is the year when the new China was founded.b. 1949 is the year in which the new China was founded.When引导的从句修饰表示时间的名词the year. 1949年是新中国成立的那一年.When在从句中作时间状语,意思是in that year. 在此句中,when 可以用in which 来替换.看例句b. 在句中,which 指代的是the year.(3) 7:50 is the time.My plane arrives then (at that time).a. 7:50 is the time when my plane arrives.b. 7:50 is the time at which my plane arrives.7:50 是我乘坐的飞机到达的时间.When引导的从句修饰名词the time, when在从句中作时间状语.意思是at that time.在这句话中, when可以用at which替代.5. 修饰表示地点的名词Where引导的从句用来修饰表示地点的名词,例如:city, country, room, house等等.Where 在从句中起地点状语的作用.(1) The building is very old.He lives there (in that building).a. The building where he lives is very old.b. The building in which he lives is very old.c. The building which he lives in is very old.d. The building that he lives in is very old.e. The building he lives in is very old.他住的那座楼很旧.a. Where引导的从句修饰名词building. Where在从句中作地点状语,意思是in that building. b. 介词前置.c. d. e. 介词在原来的位置上. 如果用where引导从句修饰名词,从句中就不必使用介词.否则就必须使用介词.(2)That is the park.We are going to have a picnic there (at that park).a. That is the park where we are going to have a picnic.b. That is the park at which we are going to have a picnic.c. That is the park which we are going to have a picnic at. d. That is the park that we are going to have a picnic at.e. That is the park we are going to have a picnic at.那就是我们将去吃野餐的公园.(我们将在那个公园吃野餐).Where 的意思是at the park, 可以用at which替换.6. 非限定性从句限定性定语从句起限制,确定先行词的作用,用来说明先行词的特征与属性.如果省略,就会影响句子的意思.非限定性定语从句则是起补充信息的作用,如果省略,并不会影响句子的意思.非限定性定语从句与主句用逗号分开.非限定性定语从句常用于书面语.A. My friend who had been driving all day suggested stopping at the next town.我那位开了一整天车的朋友建议到下一个镇子停下.这是一句限定性定语从句.这句话的含义是说还有其他不开车的朋友 B. Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town.彼特开了一整天车,他建议到下一个镇子停下.这是一句非限定性定语从句的句子,它只起补充信息的作用.如果,将从句who had been driving all day略掉,也不会影响句子的原意.(2)The books , which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.这些书将为你提供所需要的所有信息,你可以在任何一家书店买到.(3)Ann, whose children are at school all day, is trying to get a job.安的孩子们整天都在学校,(所以)她试图找一份工作做.注意: 在非限定性定语从句中,只有wh-的代词可以使用.无论指人或指物都不能使用that.
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你可能喜欢讲讲定语从句,具体点
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定语从句概要： （这是有关定语从句的精要介绍,涵盖了有关定语从句的各个方面,供参考：） 引导定语从句的关联词包括关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, whose, who, whom, as；关系副词有when, where, why.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都充当一定的句法成份.关系代词在从句中充当动词的宾语时一般可以省略. 关系代词的选用比较复杂,受下列条件的制约： (1) 要看先行词是指人还是指物, (2) 要看关系代词在从句中句法功能, (3) 要看定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的. 在定语从句中充当的成分 ↓ 用于限定性或非限定性从句 只用于限定性从句 指人 指物 指人或指物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 谓语 whose whose (of which) That 只能用在限定性定语从句中,而who, whom, which, which 既可用于限定性定语从句中,也可用于非限定性定语从句. I know that he is a man who means what he says. I know that he is a man that means what he says. 【我知道他是一个守信用的人.】 The gentleman whom she met addressed her with courtesy. The gentleman that she met addressed her with courtesy. 【她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地向她打了招呼.】 The gentleman she met addressed her with courtesy.（在从句中充当动词宾语的关系代词,可以省略.） The watch which was lost has been found. The watch that was lost has been found. 【丢了的表找到了.】 Here is the material which you need. (注：现代美语中不允许这样用) Here is the material that you need. Here is the material you need. 【你要的材料在这儿了.】 You are the only one whose advice he might listen to. 他也就是听你的话吧. 关系副词的选用相对来说比较简单,如果先行词是表示时间的名词,如time, day 等,则用when, 如先行词为表示地点的名词,如place, house, area 等等,则选用where.如果先行词为reason 则选用why I will never forget the mountain village where I spent my childhood. I will never forget the mountain village in which I spent my childhood. 我永远也不会忘记我度过童年的那个小山村. I don’t know the reason why he did that. I don’t know the reason for which he did that. 【我不知道他为什么这么做.】 当先行词是all, something, nothing 等不定代词时,或者先行词的前面有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 等词修饰时,或者先行词的前面有最高级修饰时,一般只用that 而不用which 来引导定语从句： I have explained everything that I can to you. I have explained everything I can to you. 【我已经尽一切可能把事情向你解释得一清二楚.】 This is the most beautiful campus that I have ever been to. This is the most beautiful campus I have ever been to. 【这是我见到的最美丽的校园.】 That’s all that I know. That’s all I know. 【我知道的就是这些.】 Can you tell me something that you know? Can you tell something you know? 【你能把你知道的一些情况告诉我吗?】 There is nothing that I cannot tell you. There is nothing I cannot tell you. 【我没有什么不能告诉你的事情.】 The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. The first thing we should do is to work out a plan. 【我们应该做的头一件事就是订一个计划.】 The last place that we visited was the farm. The last place we visited was the farm. 【我们最后参观的地方是农场.】 还有一种定语从句,它的结构是：the same ….. as…, such … as 这里的as 可以指人或物,这里的as 引导的是限定性定语从句： Such furniture as is very popular is expensive. 一种很受欢迎的家具价钱昂贵. We have successfully done the same experiment as you did. 你做过的那个试验我们已经成功地做完了. It wasn’t such a computer as the advertisement had promised. 这种电脑可不是广告中说的那种电脑. 限定性定语从句与主句关系密切,为句中不可缺少的部分,如去掉,主句意思就不完整了.而非限定性定语从句与主句关系松散,如果去掉了,主句内容仍然完整.在书面语中非限定性定语从句一般补逗号隔开.非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导.引导非限定性定语从句的关系词不可省略. His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on. 他的讲话没完没了,真让人烦. The general’s daughter, whose name is Jane, gave me a sweet smile. 将军的女儿名叫珍妮.她冲我笑了笑,笑得好甜啊. 非限定性定语从句中,先行词也可以是整个句子,一般用which 或as 来引导定语从句,which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等,as 在从句中一般只充当主语,which 与as 引导这类定语从句的区别在于：which 只能放在句子当中或句子末尾,而as 的位置比较灵活,可以放在句子当中、句子末尾,也可以放在句首. As is known to all, too much stress can cause disease. Too much stress can cause disease, as is known to all. Too much stress can cause disease, which is known to all. 【众所周知,压力太大了,人会得病的.】 Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which is known to all. Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, as is known to all. 【众所周知,水是由氢和氧组成的.】 关系代词在定语从句中有时也作介词的宾语.如果介词被置于关系代词前,一般只用介词加which 或介词加whom,而不用介词加that来引导定语从句.如果介词被置于从句句末,则可以使用that来代替which或whom,这时的that可以省略. This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. 这就是她花了一千美元买的那枚戒指. One of my colleagues whom you are familiar with will come today. One of my colleagues that you are familiar with will come today. One of my colleagues you are familiar with will come today. 我的一个同事,就是你非常熟悉的那个人,今天要过来.
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定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。（一） 限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢...
扫描下载二维码谁能帮我讲一下定语从句,越详越好,
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学习定语从句,你首先得明白什么是定语,也就是句子成分的问题,我们知道,修饰主语、宾语及表语（名词充当的情况）的成分就是定语,如果这些定语是由一个句子充当,那么这个句子就是定语从句了.认识、明白、掌握定语从句,咱们只要掌握一下三点就可以,其一：是先行词,即被从句修饰的中心词,这个词一般由名词或代词来充当,这一点正好跟宾语从句区别开来,因宾语从句没有先行词,而状语从句修饰的中心词是动词；其二：是引导词,即引导从句的词,一般放在从句的开头,比较好辨认,但要弄清楚引导词在从句中做什么成分；其三：就是定语从句,它与中心词是修饰语被修饰的关系.例句：I know the man who has beautiful hair.这里 the man是先行词,也是主句的宾语；who 是引导词,在从句中做主语； who has beautiful hair就是the man 的定语,因为这是一个句子,所以就是定语从句了.这样讲,明白了吧?
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