表示“接壤”的英语怎么说？
包括我自己在内，很多英语老师都大讲特讲过on the
south of 和 to the south of
的区别，所谓有接壤用on，无接壤用to。网络上也充斥着这个谬论。看这个链接：
中国英语界有个普遍的错误，以为要表示接壤，就用类似"on the south of"
这样的结构：Mexico is/lies on the south of the
USA.(墨西哥位于美国的南面。）实际上这个句子是错误的。我曾经在英国的 的论坛上的 ASK A
TEACHER 栏目里问了老外，他们异口同声反对使用 Mexico is/lies on the south of the
USA.这样的结构和句子。他们说必须用这个表达方式：Mexico is/lies& (to
the)south of the USA.
王国栋教授《深层英语语法》（还有其他中国英语专家也持此谬说） “用 on 表示接壤或相邻关系”： Mongolia is on
the north of China. 蒙古在中国的北方。(二者边界线接壤用 on,
表示相邻关系)
实际上，上面这个结构，在19世纪及以前偶尔被使用，现在在英国和美国都没有人使用了。
《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》原来的第1、第2版里有：
Mexico is to the south of the USA
.&&这个表达法是正确的，但是这个表达法现在也很少用了，所以后来的第3/4/5/6/7版都删除原来那个句子。
Mexico is to the south of
这个句子我第一次见到是在《牛津2版》。
《新英汉词典》收录了这个句子，又多了个：
Mexico is to the south of the USA.
The Democratic Republic of Viet Nam is on the south of China.
如果非要用 on
表示接壤必须是类似下面这样的结构：
Germany is bounded on
the west by France and on the south by Switzerland. 德国西面与法国接壤,
南与瑞士为邻。
张道真《高级英语词典》引用：Germany
borders on France.&&(Times
It is bordered on the west by Iran. (Modern Century
Illustrated Ecyclopedia)
It is bordered by Pakistan to the east. (Modern Century Illustrated
Ecyclopedia)
The Pacific Ocean borders China on the west.(Modern
Century Illustrated Ecyclopedia)
最正确而且最简洁的表达方式如：LONGMAN PHOTO DICTIONARY OF
AMERICAN ENGLISH:
--Where is Kansas?
--It's south of Nebraska
and north of Oklahoma.
这3个州从北到南，彼此接壤：
美国当代语料库 [/url]
north/south/east/west
of&&&&0个结果
is to the north/south/east/west
of&&&&6个结果
is north/south/east/west
of&&&&&&&&&&
可见在实际使用中，lies/is to the
north/south/east/west of
也很少用，所以牛津词典2版后的各版删除了该句。最常用的是朗文图片词典的句型：
is/lies north/south/east/west
（本文综合了我曾经发表在人教论坛和其他英语学习论坛上的相关内容。有些内容被《大家论坛》窃取，使用别人的名字发表。）
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。高分悬赏英文翻译,回答满意再加50到100分decisions under riskThere is usually little assurance that predicted futures will coincide with actual futures. The physical and economic elements on which a course of action depends may vary from_作业帮
高分悬赏英文翻译,回答满意再加50到100分decisions under riskThere is usually little assurance that predicted futures will coincide with actual futures. The physical and economic elements on which a course of action depends may vary from
高分悬赏英文翻译,回答满意再加50到100分decisions under riskThere is usually little assurance that predicted futures will coincide with actual futures. The physical and economic elements on which a course of action depends may vary from their estimated values because of chance causes. Not only are the estimates of future costs problematical but ,in addition, the anticipated future worth of most ventures is known only with a degree of assurance. This lack of certainty
about the future makes decision making one of the most challenging tasks faced by individuals ,industry ,and government.
Decision making under risk occurs when he decision maker does not suppress acknowledged ignorance about the future but makes it explicit through the assignment of probabilities ,such probabilities may be based on experimental evidence , expert opinion ,subjective judgment ,or a combination of these.
Consider the following example. A computer systems firm has the opportunity to bid on two related contracts being advertised by a municipality. The first pertains to the selection and installation of hardware for a central computing facility together with required software. The second involves the development of a distributed computing network involving the selection and installation of hardware and software. The firm may be awarded either contract C1 or contract C2, or both contract C1 and C2. Thus, there are three possible futures.
Careful consideration of the possible approaches leads to the identification of five alternatives. The first is for the firm to subcontract the hardware selection and installation, but to develop the software itself. The second is for the firm to subcontract the software development, but to select and install the hardware itself. The third is for the firm to handle both the hardware and software tasks itself. The fourth is for the firm to bid jointly with a partner firm on both the hardware and software projects. The fifth alternative is for the firm to serve only as project manager, subcontracting all hardware and software tasks.
With the possible futures and various alternatives identified, the next step is to determine payoff values.不要工具翻译,要求语言流畅回答采纳加30分,（100分保底） 如果翻译的专业,再另奖励50到100分不等
decisions under risk风险决策There is usually little assurance that predicted futures will coincide with actual futures. The 没有什么能担保预期的未来和实际的未来相一致.physical and economic elements on which a course of action depends may vary from their 人类一系列行动所依赖的自然和经济要素,由于某些巧合因素,可能与它们的预期值有所出入,estimated values because of chance causes. Not only are the estimates of future costs不仅对未来的预期成本错综复杂,problematical but ,in addition, the anticipated future worth of most ventures is known only with而且,大部分风险投资的未来预期价值也只是通过保险额度获知.a degree of assurance. This lack of certainty
about the future makes decision making one of对未来的确定性的匮乏使得决策制定成为对个体,行业,政府而言最具the most challenging tasks faced by individuals ,industry ,and government.挑战性的任务之一
Decision making under risk occurs when he decision maker does not suppress 当决策制定者意识到(承认)对未来的认知并不完整,相应的风险存在,acknowledged ignorance about the future but makes it explicit through the assignment of 风险决策制定就会有其用武之地.probabilities ,such probabilities may be based on experimental evidence , expert opinion 通过基于实验证据,专家观点,主观判断或者以上组合的方式给出的可能性评估,来帮助决策制定者制定详尽完善的决策.,subjective judgment ,or a combination of these.
Consider the following example. A computer systems firm has the opportunity to bid on two 考虑下面列子.一个计算机系统公司有机会参与两个related contracts being advertised by a municipality. The first pertains to the selection and 受到当地政府推广关联商业合同的投标.第一份合同涉及installation of hardware for a central computing facility together with required software. The 一个中心计算设备的硬件的选型和安装及相关软件的处理.第二份合同second involves the development of a distributed computing network involving the selection包含一个分布式计算网络的研发,当中同样涉及相关硬件和软件的选型和安装.and installation of hardware and software. The firm may be awarded either contract C1 or 该公司可能拿到两个合同当中的一个,或者拿到全部的合同,因此,存在三种可能的结局.contract C2, or both contract C1 and C2. Thus, there are three possible futures.
Careful consideration of the possible approaches leads to the identification of five经过对可能的处理方式的仔细考虑后,产生五种选择以待决策.alternatives. The first is for the firm to subcontract the hardware selection and installation, but对于该公司,第一种选择是将硬件选型和安装转包给其他公司,自己研发其中的软件部分；to develop the software itself. The second is for the firm to subcontract the software 第二种选择是将软件研发部分转包给其他公司,development, but to select and install the hardware itself. The third is for the firm to handle 自己负责硬件的选型和安装工作；第三种选择是自己公司处理全部的硬件和软件业务；both the hardware and software tasks itself. The fourth is for the firm to bid jointly with a第四种选择是联合一家其他公司来竞投标全部的硬件和软件项目；partner firm on both the hardware and software projects. The fifth alternative is for the firm to 第五种选择是将硬件和软件业务全部转包给其他公司,serve only as project manager, subcontracting all hardware and software tasks.自己担当项目经理人的角色.
With the possible futures and various alternatives identified, the next step is to determine 在对未来可能的选择和不同选择的罗列和甄别之后,接下来便是确定收益值payoff values.&2015 Baidu
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是否希望搜索汉字和英语时显示搜索框提示翻译一段英语，9点之前加50分。。。_百度知道
翻译一段英语，9点之前加50分。。。
将放好调料的比萨饼放入微波炉大火10分钟 .把蕃茄酱浓浓抹一层 5，红辣椒,把面放进去摊薄摊好 4,稍稀点 2、一点盐(自己习惯的口味)加水和面.撒上胡椒粉 81.用鸡蛋,把烤盘抹层油，绿辣椒.把洋葱，请速度。、一点糖、牛奶。。.醒半小时面后。万分感谢。.把菜撒上 6.把奶酪丝撒上厚厚一层7，牛肉洗净切成小块3
果可以。，但还不至于到那地步。我英语是很烂。请不要有类似错误。，谢谢各位了。，请不要用翻译器。。 比如第6条的si-sa。。本人英语比较烂。，即使错的也会抄上去的。
提问者采纳
leaven dough flour half an hour1,green pepper and beef.scatter the vegetable6,milk,red pepper.2.wash clear onion.brush ketchup thick5.need egg.scatter the pepper8.3.brush cooking oil for bake plate.scatter the cheese(thick)7,and then take the flour on and make the flour thin and equality4,a little sugar and salt(for yourself),add water and flour(thiner),and then cuted small bit
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其他2条回答
但不保证, milk，但愿有帮助.用的是私人的翻译器. To put away the pizza sauce into the microwave oven fire for 10 minutes. To wipe a layer of thick tomato sauce 5, green pepper, put a good face into to the diluted share 4. The onion, slightly thin point 2. Sprinkle pepper 81，估计没错, beef. Wake up half an hour face！你看着办吧, a little sugar. ，我的英文一般般, put the oven floor wiping oil. Put the cheese on a thick layer of Si Sa 7. , a little salt (used to the taste of their own) and surface water！ 我也粗略的看了一下, red pepper, cut into small pieces wash 3. Cook sprinkled 6.Eggs
1. Eggs, milk, a little sugar, a little salt (used to the taste of their own) and surface water, slightly thin point 2. The onion, red pepper, green pepper, beef, cut into small pieces wash 3. Wake up half an hour face, put the oven floor wiping oil, put a good face into to the diluted share 4. To wipe a layer of thick tomato sauce 5. Cook sprinkled 6. Put the cheese on a thick layer of Si Sa 7. Sprinkle pepper 8. To put away the pizza sauce into the microwave oven fire for 10 minutes. . . Most grateful, please rate. . . 大概是这样吧。。
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求一句英语的翻译，50个金币
这可能与环上的杂原子参与竞争配位 干扰了对映识别有关 这句话的翻译 谢谢
This might be related to that the heteroatoms on the ring compete in coordination and this disturbs the enantiomeric recognition
供参考， 不妥见谅 The compete coordination of heteroatoms on the ring that might disturbed the enantiomeric recognition.
:D 这可能与环上的杂原子参与竞争配位 干扰了对映识别有关
This may be related to that the heteroatoms on the ring participate in the competition coordination , which interfere the enantiomeric recognition This might be related to the disturbtion from the competitive coordination of the heteroatoms on the ring to the enantiomeric recognition. 仅供参考:hand: It may has something with the heteroatom on the ring to participate in the competition of ligand and interferes the mapping identification. This might be related to the interfere with corresponding recognition,which caused by the competition coordination of heterocyclic atom. This may be related to that the heteroatoms on the ring participate in the competition coordination , which interfere the enantiomeric recognition 虽然这个帖子已经奖励完毕，既然是论坛，就是大家讨论，共同提高的地方。所以将我个人的翻译和理由陈述在此，供大家参考。
“这可能与环上的杂原子参与竞争配位 干扰了对映识别有关”，翻译如下: This might be related to the interference with enantiomeric recognition caused by competitive coordination of the heteroatoms in the ring.
这句话的主要结构是: &这可能与对映识别受到干扰有关&，因此主要结构翻译为: &This might be related to the interference with enantiomeric recognition&, 要注意的是: 对什么的干扰 应该用名词词组 interference with 而不是动词 interfere with&&或其它搭配。而“对映识别受到干扰”又是由“环上的杂原子参与竞争配位”引起的，所以就有了&caused by competitive coordination of the heteroatoms in the ring&的翻译。这样的翻译就专业术语而言可能还有其它表述方法，但是句子的结构在语法上是合适的。
& & 个人意见，仅供参考。}