◎大学英语A——完形填空（24套）
As the plane circled over the
airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was
moving unsteadily through the air, and although the passengers had
__fastened __ their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward.
At that moment, the air-hostess appeared. She looked very pale, but
she was quite _calm__. Speaking quickly but almost in a whisper she
__informed__ everyone that the pilot had fainted and asked __if __
any of the passengers knew anything about machines -- or at least
how to drive a car. After a moment's hesitation, a man got up and followed the
stewardess into the pilot's
__Moving__the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened
carefully to the urgent instructions that were__being sent __by
radio from the airport below. The plane was now dangerously close
to the ground, but to everyone's relief, it soon began to __climb
_. The man __had to _ circle the airport several times in order to
become __familiar with __ the controls.
Following instructions, the man guided the plane towards the
airfield. It shook violently as
it touched the ground and then moved rapidly across the field, but
after a long __run __ it stopped safely. Outside, a crowd of people
who had been waiting anxiously rushed forward to congratulate the
pilot on a perfect landing.
&['pɑːstə]
牧师[mɑnt'gʌməri]
Martin Luther King. Jr. was born in
Georgia in 1929. When was __still __ a boy Martin learned that his
people, the black Americans, were often treated differently from
most of __their_ fellow
Americans. Many could not attend good schools, get good jobs, or
live in nice houses because of the color of their skin. Martin knew
that in a free country this was __wrong__. He wanted to help his
black brothers, so he decided to go to school and __become __ a
minister. He became a pastor in
Montgomery, Alabama. This is
_where __ Martin Luther King's "peaceful fight" first
King worked for equality in other cities. He knew that the _only__
way people could win their rights was to remain peaceful, even in
face of __danger __. Dr. King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for
his achievements and courage.The
whole nation mourned the
terrible event that _happened __ on April 4, 1968, in Memphis,
Tennessee. Martin Luther King. Jr. was shot. The man who had
preached nonviolence
died__violently_.But
Dr. King's dream can never die. Many Americans are
still__struggling _to make that dream come true.
[pɚ,sɑnɪfɪ'keʃən]
人格化[ˈlebɚ]
努力争取(for)；苦干[məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm]
唯物主义；唯物论side by
side肩并肩地
The American Millionaire is the personification
of the American Dream. In the "Land of
the Free", they worked their way up to the top __from__ the factory
floor. Many, having devoted their youth to making and saving money,
__spent__ their later years giving money away. _For example __, the
Rockefeller family who made their money through banking and oil,
$530 million to medical research and
education. They founded two national parks and __built__ the
vast Rockefeller Center in the
middle of Manhattan. The first Rockefeller, who started life as a
clerk, led a life of __complete_ simplicity.
Many find _it __ hard to understand why these American millionaires
labored so hard to acquire wealth, then __gave__ so much of it
away. The answer __may__ be guilt or even pride. Perhaps it is only
__that__ materialism
and generosity, the urge to acquire wealth and the urge to
share it, __exist__ side by
side in the character of many Americans.
4 [ˈkɑmpɪtəns]
能力；技能[ˈpɛrəntɪŋ,]育儿[əˌθɔrɪˈtɛriən独裁者
专制[pə'mɪsɪv]
许可的；宽容undemanding要求不高的[ɪmˈpoz]强制实行
施加[ɔ:ˈθɔritətiv]
权威，当局
Why are children so different in
their response __to __ the same situation? Some research suggests
that styles of parenting may
affect children's __competence__ in dealing with their world.
According to some researchers, there are three parenting styles and
one style of parenting enhances
children's competence more than the others. Typical behavior
patterns of children __raised__ according to each are as follows.
Authoritarian parents
value control and expect their
children to obey __without__ questioning. In __authoritarian__
homes, children are so strictly controlled that often they cannot
make independent choices about their own behavior. Permissive parents value self-expression
and self-regulation. They are warm, noncontroling, and undemanding. In permissive homes, children
receive so _little__ guidance that they may become uncertain and
anxious about __whether__ they are doing the right thing.
Authoritative parents respect children's independent decisions,
interests, and opinions, but also stress social values. They are
loving, demanding, firm in
maintaining standards and
willing to impose
__mild__ punishment. In
authoritative homes, children
know __what__ is expected of them and can decide whether it is
worth __risking__ parental displeasure to pursue a goal. These
children know the satisfaction of meeting responsibilities and
achieving success.
it for granted视为当然[koks]
Most children with healthy appetite
are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them and a
child rarely dislikes food __ unless__ it is badly cooked. The __ way__ a
meal is cooked and served is most important and an __ attractively
__ served meal will often improve a child’s appetite.Never ask a
child __ whether_ he likes or dislikes a food and never __
discuss__ likes and dislikes in front of him or allow _ anybody__
else to do so.If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother __ refuses _ vegetables in the child’s hearing
he is __ likely__ to copy this procedure.Take
it __ for __ granted that he likes everything and he
probably __ will__ .Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal because of a __
supposed__ dislike.At meal times it is good __ idea__ to give a
child a small portion and let
him __ come__ back for a second helping rather than give him as __
much__ as he is likely to all at once.
Do not talk too much to the child __ during __ meal
let him get on with his
and do not __ allow __ him to leave the table immediately
after a meal or he will __ soon__ learn to swallow his food __ so__
he can hurry back to his toys. Under __ no__ circumstances must a child be coaxed__
or __ forced to eat.
[ˈrentl]
Certainly, the most popular method
of traveling used by Americans is the privately-owned automobile.
The vast majority of Americans
have a car, and many families have two. __ Sometimes __ during your
visit to the United States, you may decide to rent a car to travel
outside the city or to travel to other parts of the country.
Car rental companies are __
listed__ in the telephone book and are located in most cities and
towns. _ In addition __, there are usually rental cars at airports
and train and bus stations. As is true everywhere in the world, you
can rent a car __ by __ the day, week, or month. Some companies __
even__have special weekend rates that you may find especially
interesting if you have only a limited __ amount__ of time to
travel around the area you are visiting. Since each company had its
own rules and rates, it is a good idea to __ compare __ prices
among companies to get the best rates to suit your purposes. For example, most car rental
costs __ depend on __ how long you plan to keep the car and how far
you travel. However, some companies may include gasoline in their rates, but __ others __
do not. Some companies require that you __ return __ the car to its
others will permit you to leave the car in another
&settle downa
一堆；很多
On Tuesday afternoon Mrs. Clarke
locked the door and went to the women’s club as usual. It was a
pleasant way of passing time for an old woman who lived __
When she came home she sensed something unusual. Had someone come
in? The back door and the windows were all __ opened _ and there
was no __ sign__ of forced entry ().
Had __ money_ been taken? She went from room to room, __ checking
__, and found her camera and spare watch __ leaving__.
The following Thursday she went
out at her usual time, but
didn't go to the club. __ However__she took a short walk in a park
nearby and came home, __ pulling__-herself in through the back
door. She settled down to wait
and see what would happen.
It was 4 o’clock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs. Clarke was __
making__tea at the time . The bell rang again, and __ the next
moment__she heard her letterbox being pushed open. __ Picking up
__the kettle
of boiling water, she moved quietly towards the door. A __ pile__of wire appeared through the
letterbox, and then a __ hand __. The wire turned and caught around
the knob ()
on the doorlock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and __ poured__the
water over the hand. __ A sharp cry __was heard outside as the __
wire__fell to the floor and the hand was pulled back, which was __
followed __by the sound of running feet.
It wasn't long __ before__the police caught the thief. And Mrs. Clarke was greatly __
admired__at the club for her
successful __ self-protection __.
8 &&&&&&used
energy is man's most important energy
source. As the name implies, solar is the energy from the sun's
rays. The amount of energy that the earth receives from the sun is
many times __greater than __ the amount used by man. If a
_practical __ way to use it fully could be developed, __no other __
source would be needed. It is, however, used efficiently by plants
that __supply__ the food on which animals directly or indirectly
depend. Solar energy is __stored __ underground in the form of
fossil fuels such as coal and
petroleum.
In the __past __ an important source of energy was __provided__ in
the form of wood. The Industrial Revolution needed the use of coal.
Recently, the fossil fuels have become the chief energy source
__with__ nuclear power
developing very rapidly. The fossil fuels are our present main
source of energy. Petroleum will support us for about 15 years.
Natural gas, which is __the cleanest __ of the fossil fuels, will
probably be the first to be __used
As we help students acquire
information, ideas, skills, values, ways of thinking, and means of
expressing themselves, we are also teaching them how to learn. In
fact, the most important long-term outcome of instruction may be
the students' __increased __
capabilities to learn more easily and effectively in the future.
How teaching is conducted has a large impact on students' abilities
to educate __themselves_ .
In our school the students learn a __range__ of learning strategies
because their teachers use the models of teaching that require
them. Our students also know how to profit __from__ training and
how to train themselves in athletic, performing arts, mathematical,
and social skills. They know how to make their writing and problem
solving more lucid and __creative__ . Perhaps most important, they
know how to __take__ initiative in planning personal study, and
they know how to work with others to initiate and __carry out __
cooperative programs of inquiry.
These students are both challenging and exhilarating __to teach __
, because their expanded learning styles enable us to teach them in
the variety of ways __that__ are appropriate for the many goals of
education. The core of the __process__ of teaching is the
arrangement of environments with which the student can
The book is the best research
machine invented. Since mass printing began a few hundred years
ago, it has given hundreds of millions of people __information __
they could not have found anywhere else.
But many readers don't know __how __ a book is organized to help
them. They see the different elements of a book. However, the
__reason__ for such organization puzzles them.
The first thing to look at is the title and author. __Every now and
then __, a title doesn't tell you very much about what is inside,
but usually it does. Sometimes a subtitle __gives__ you more
information than the main title.__ If__ a book has a dust jacket,
read the inside flops.
They usually give you a fairly good breakdown of __what __ the book
is about. Behind the title page in most books is the copyright
notice. It is __important__ to look at this, especially the last
date of copyright. Suppose you are studying space travel, a book
with a 1916 copyright will not __cover__ moon landings.
Check the author's background, if possible. Now and then, you can
find it in a beginning part called a preface. Read carefully about
the author. Do you think he or she is __qualified__ to write on the
book's subject? Does his or her background make the author an
expert in this field?
11 &&standstill停顿；停止[kə'mjuːtə(r)]
通勤者['motərɪst]
驾车旅行的人，开汽车的人parking
meters停车记时器Intelligent
智能插槽、硬币投币口
City traffic is a great
__problem__. More cars are produced every year and the streets are
getting more and more __crowded __. So during rush hours, when
people are going to or from their work, traffic is brought to a
__standstill__. It has been
suggested that 'commuters' (the
people who travel to work every day from outside the city) should
__share__ their cars and give each other lifts. So each car would
carry four or five people __instead of __ only one. It is an
__ however__, so far nobody has been able to think
of a way to force people to do so.
To __discourage __ motorists from leaving their cars in the
streets all day, parking meters
are used. When you park at a meter, you must put a coin in the
slot. This pays for a certain
__amount __ of time. The meter records this and it shows __when __
the time that you have paid for is finished. If the car is still
there then, you have to pay a __fine__ .
Once upon a time, two brothers who
lived on adjoining ()
farms fell into conflict.
One morning there was a knock on John's door. He opened it to find
a man with a carpenter's tool box. " I'm looking for a few days'
work, " he said. "Perhaps you would have a few small __jobs _ here
and there I could help with. Could I help you?"
"Yes, "said the elder brother. "I __do __ have a job for you. Look
across the creek on that farm. That's my neighbor. In fact, it's my
__younger__ brother. Last week there was a meadow
between us and he took his bulldozer ()
to the river levee ()
and now there is a creek between us. Well, he may have done this to
spite me, but I'll go him one better. __See__that pile of wood by
the barn?"
The carpenter said, "I think I understand the situation. Show me
the nails and the post hole digger and I'll be able to do a job
that __pleases__ you."
The elder brother had to go to town, so he helped the carpenter
__get __the materials ready and then he was off for the day. The
carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, nailing, and
hammering.
About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter __had just
finished __ his job. The farmer's eye opened wide, and his jaw
dropped. There was no fence there __at all __.
It was a bridge - a bridge from one side of the creek to the other!
A fine piece of work ---- handrails and all ---- and the neighbor ,
his younger brother, was coming across, his hand
outstretched.
"You are quite a fellow to build this bridge after all I've said
and done."
The two brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met
in the middle,__ taking __ each other's hand. They turned to see
the carpenter lift his tool box on his shoulder.
"No,__ wait__! Stay a few days. I've a lot of other projects for
you," said the elder brother.
"I'd love to stay on," the carpenter said, "but I have many more
bridges to build."
Summer is the best time on the
island. The sun is warm then and the winds blow milder out of the
west, sometimes out of the south. It was __during__ these days that
the ship might return and now I spent most of my time on the rock,
__looking__ out from the headland into the east, towards the
country __where__ my people had gone, across the sea that was never
Once __while__ I watched I saw a small object which I took to be
the ship, but a stream of water __rose__ from it and I knew that it
was a whale spouting. During those summer days I saw nothing
__else__. The first storm of winter ended my hopes. If the white
men's ship were __coming__ for me it would have come during the
time of good weather. Now I would have to wait __until__ winter was
gone, maybe longer. The thought of being __alone__ on the island
while so many suns rose from the sea and went slowly back into the
sea __filled__ my heart with loneliness. I had not felt so lonely
before because I was sure that the ship would return. Now my hopes
were dead.
Who designed the first helicopter
Who __painted ___ the most famous pictures in the world? Who knew
more about the human body than most ___doctors ___? There is an
answer ___to ___ all these questions --- Leonardo de Vinci
Leonardo may have been the greatest genius ___people___ have ever
known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his
inventions seem modern to us today. For example, one of his
notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldn't
___build___ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say
his idea would have worked.
But Leonardo ___wasn't just ___ an inventor. He was one of the
greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old,
he was called a master painter, and as he got older he became
___even___ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways
___before___ he was ready to paint.
Many of Leonardo's wonderful paintings are still with ___us___
today. You may know one of his most famous works, the smiling woman
___known___ as the Mona Lisa.
neighborhood
Greg Midkiff gets in his car to go
buy some milk. But he doesn't ___just___ drive to the grocery store
and back home. He looks carefully up and down the streets of his
neighborhood. He looks for
anything ___unusual___ such as strange cars, loud noises, broken
windows, or people gathering on street corners.
Greg Midkiff belongs to a neighborhood watch group. His group meets
on the third Wednesday of every month. That's ___when ___ the
members get together to discuss community ___safety___. They want
to help the police keep their homes, streets, and families
Stan Weinzapfel, a policeman, said, "The ___purpose___ of a
neighborhood watch group is to educate people about safety. In the
past, you knew your __neighbors ___ and your neighborhood. So if a
strange car drove through, ___everyone___ knew about it. That's
what we want to get now."
"We want the criminals to know that we pay enough attention." said
Midkiff. Tina Stedman, the president of their neighborhood watch
group, ___agrees with ___ Midkiff. "People seem to have the
attitude that crime happens to other people but not to them. They
would think: well, it's ___never___ happened to me," she said, "but
if a nearby house is burst into, I don't think you will be
comfortable sitting in your own house."
Ruth McKinney has been in the neighborhood watch group since the
1980s. She feels the neighborhood watch groups are effective ___in
___ keeping crime down. Her husband Jim agrees. "Police are good
people, but they can't do everything," he says.
A wise buying is to make your money
go further. The good ___way___ to purchase an article or a service
can actually ___save___ your money or can reduce the cost.
Take a hairdryer __for ___
example. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might ___believe___
that you are making the ___best ___ buy, when you choose the one
whose look you like and which is also the cheapest ___in ___ price.
But when you get it home you may find that it costs twice as much
as a more expensive way to dry your hair. The cost of the
electricity plus the cost of your time could well ___make ___ your
hairdryer the most expensive one of all.
So what principles should you ___adopt ___ when you go out
shopping? If you __keep ___ your home, your car or any valuable
thing in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long
___term ___ Before you buy a new item, talk to someone who owns
one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your
particular need.
When do people decide whether or
not they want to become friends? During their first four minutes
together, according to a book ___by___ Dr. Leomard Zuninn. In his
book, Contact: The First Four Minutes, he offers this advice to
anyone ___interested___ in starting new friendships: "Every time
you meet someone in a social ___situation ___, give him your
undivided attention for four minutes. A lot of people's lives
___would ___ change if you did just that."
You may have noticed that the __average ___ person does not give
his undivided attention to someone he has just met. He keeps
looking over the other person's shoulder, as if ___hoping ___ to
find someone more interesting in another part of the room. If
___anyone ___has ever done this to you, you probably did not like
him very much.
When we are introduced to new people, the author suggested, we
___should ___ try to appear friendly and ___self-confident ___. In
general, he says, "People like people who like ___themselves
In Britain, winter is the season
not only for visits to the theatre, opera, concerts and
ballet, but also for shopping
or for sightseeing.
London, one of the coldest cities in the world, has plenty to offer
during the winter months,___ especially___ in the way of
entertainment-and the shops act like a magnet with ___their___ array of presents for the Christmas
shopper, followed by large scale bargains in the January sales. But
it's not only London that ___offers ___ value shopping-most of our
suburban and provincial centres have just as much to
offer to the ___eager ___ shopper.
___Even if ___ you're based in London, you don't have to spend all
your time there-and that goes for all the year ___round ___, too.
Take a train or coach and see what ___else___ B
there are many excursions, even
in winter, and among the great country houses ___which ___ keep
their stately front doors open throughout the year are Longleat and
Woburn Abbey. Hire a car and drive across ___into ___ the beauty of
the winter landscape-the scenery will be __even more ___
beautiful-and the people will have more time to chat to you at this
time of year.
In its home country of Germany, the
hot dog was called the frankfurter.
It was named __after ___ Frankfurt, a German city. Frankfurters
were first sold in the United States in the 1860s. Americans called
frankfurters "dachshund sausages". A dachshund is a dog from
Germany ___with___ a very long body and short legs. Dachshund
sausages first became popular in New York, especially at baseball
games. At games they were sold by men who kept them ___warm ___ in
hot-water tanks.
As the men walked ___up and down__ the rows of people, they yelled
, "Get your dachshund sausages! Get your hot dachshund sausages!"
People got the sausages on buns, a
special bread.
___One day __ in 1906 a newspaper cartoonist named Tad Dorgan went
to a baseball game. ___When ___ he saw the men with the dachshund
sausages, he got an idea as a cartoon. The next day at the
newspaper office he ___drew ___ a bun with a dachshund inside-__not
___ a dachshund sausage, but a dachshund. Dorgan ___didn't know ___
how to spell dachshund. Under the cartoon, he wrote "Get your
dachshund sausages!"
The cartoon was a sensation, and so was the new name.If you go to a
baseball game today, you can still see sellers walking ___around
___ with hot-water tanks. As they walk up and down the rows they
yell: "Get your hot dogs here! Get your hot dogs!"
Arnold Alexander's funeral was a quiet ___affair___. It was
attended by the only ___relations ___ he had in the world, his
niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who had travelled ___over ___ a hundred
miles into this wild part of the county was now getting ready for
the simple ceremony. Alexander, or 'Alex' as his friends ___used to
___ call him, had led a hard life ___looking___
for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always
refused to work in a gold mine ___because___ he believed that he
could do better on his own. Although he was not a boastful person, he had often declared that one
day he ___would ___ find a lump of
gold as big as his head and with that he would retire and live in
30 for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth
___ came true. For many years he
had hardly earned enough money to keep himself alive.
Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that ___contained
___ Alex's body, but they almost dropped it when they heard a loud
cry from the grave-digger. His
spade had struck something hard in
the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a
large stone. Though it was covered ___with___ dirt, the stone shone
curious1y in the fierce sun1ight:it
was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold!
In November of 1902, President
Theodore Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi. His hunt
was going ___poorly___ that day, and he couldn't seem to find
anything worth of ___firing ___ his rifle. Then, his staff captured
a black baby bear for the president to shoot, but he could not. The
thought of shooting a bear that was tied to a tree did not seem
sporting, so he ___spared ___ the life of the baby bear and set it
Based on this story, a famous political cartoonist for the
Washington Star drew a cartoon, which showed Teddy Roosevelt, rifle
__in hand ___, with his back turned on a cute baby bear. Morris Michtom, owner of a
Brooklyn toy store, was __inspired ___ by the cartoon to make a
stuffed baby bear. Intending it only as a display, he placed the
stuffed bear in his toy store ___window ___, and next to it placed
a copy of the cartoon from the newspaper. To Michtom's surprise,
his store was flooded by customers ___eager ___ to buy. He asked
for and received President Roosevelt's __permission ___ to use his
name for the hand-sewn bears that he and his wife made, and the
"Teddy Bear" was born! Michtom was soon manufacturing Teddy Bear
__by ___ thousands. The money from the sale enabled him, in 1903,
to ___form ___ the Ideal Toy Company.
A friend of mine, teaching abroad,
was immensely amused by the
question, "Are English peasants allowed to go to the theatre?"
Anybody who can pay for a ___ticket___ may go to the theatre in
England, though only two percent choose to do so. This is not
because theatres are expensive, ___but ___ because most people
prefer to watch television, football matches or to gamble.
The word "peasant" is not used in England, except as an
insult or as a joke. We have no
peasant class, only ___agricultural___ laborers. We do not have a
system, as in other parts of Europe, __where ___ people
inherit a small piece of __land ___
and work it for substance. We have farms, which can employ laborers
for wages. Such people are ___regarded ___ as "agricultural
workers". They are not highly paid out but they can manage to live
fairly well.
Farming is becoming more ___scientific ___. These days young men
starting work on the farm are expected to spend some more time at
agriculture college to learn how to do the job ___properly ___.
English agriculture is very ___efficient ___ and we are now
self-sufficing in grain: ___In fact
___, we have a surplus, which is
stored by the Common Market and which we have to pay to store,
through our taxes.
[səˈlɪsɪtə(r)]
初级律师[ˈprɑsɪˌkjut]
控告；起诉[ˈb&rɪstəz]
大律师，专门律师
A solicitor is
a lawyer who gives __ advice ___ and legal help to his clients.& __ However _, he is not as a rule__ competent __to appear in court and speak as an advocate. That is to say, he
defend __his client in a court of law. __ Neither __can he prosecute. These two jobs are done by
another section of legal specialists --- the barristers. The President of the Law
Society, __
speaking __&&
once to a group of law students, said, 'Every client who comes into
the office of a solicitor comes with a problem__ on __ he wants to go out of the office
feeling that he has left his burden__ behind __him --- that is to say, __ with __you. The__ removal __of that burden is the service that the client pays
the average American family paid $989__for__a
year's supply of food. In 1972 the family paid $1,311. That was a
price ___ increase __ of nearly one-third.
family has had this sort of experience. Everyone agrees that the
cost of __ feeding ___ a family has risen sharply. But there is less agreement
when reasons for the rise are being discussed. Who is really
__ responsible ___ ?
Many blame the farmers who produce the vegetables, fruit, meat,
eggs, and cheese&&
__ that __
stores offer for sale. According to the US Department of
Agriculture, the farmer's share of the $1,311 spent by the family
in 1972 was $521. This was thirty-one percent ___
more __ than the farmer had received in 1959. But
farmers claim that this increase was very small __
compared __ to the increase in their cost of living.
Farmers tend to blame others for the sharp __ rise __
in food prices. They particularly blame those who __
process __ the farm products after the products leave the
farm. These include truck drivers, meat packers, manufacturers of packages and
other food containers, and the
owners of stores where food is sold. They are among the "middlemen"
who stand ___ between __ the farmer and the people who buy and eat the food. Are
middlemen the ones to blame for food price?
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