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【雅思】日雅思阅读考题回顾
来源：朗阁教育集团　　编辑：bj　　发布日期:
雅思考试阅读考题回顾
朗阁海外考试研究中心 赵小溪
考试日期：
2013年11月16日
Reading Passage 1
Professor Horn and T-REX 霸王龙的最新研究
Question types:
是非无判断 8题
Summary 原文原词 6题
文章内容回顾
恐龙研究专家及其研究项目的详细介绍。前几段主要讲解该科学家的生平。毕业没有学位，但是却被自己的大学授予奖励。他没有去比较远的大的博物馆。他认为恐龙不是掠食性动物，而是吃腐蚀的动物。从牙齿到四肢做了深入的研究，觉得其他科学家判断恐龙的研究没有依据。但是也会接受其他科学家有根据的推测。
题型难度分析
yrannosaurus rex was one of the largest land ca the largest complete specimen,
PR2081 ("") measured 12.3 metres (40 ft) long, and was 4 metres (13 ft) tall at the hips. Mass estimates have varied widely over the years, from more than 7.2 metric tons (7.9 short tons), to less than 4.5 metric tons (5.0 short tons), with most modern estimates ranging between 5.4 metric tons (6.0 short tons) and 6.8 metric tons (7.5 short tons). Packard et al. (2009) tested dinosaur mass estimation procedures on elephants and concluded that dinosaur estimations are flawed and produce over- thus, the weight of Tyrannosaurus could be much less than usually estimated. Other estimations have concluded that the largest known Tyrannosaurus specimens had masses approaching or exceeding 9 tonnes.
Restoration of T. rex showing hypothetical feathery coating, as implied by phylogenetic bracketing.
The neck of Tyrannosaurus rex formed a natural S-shaped curve like that of other theropods, but was short and muscular to support the massive head. The forelimbs had only two clawed fingers, along with an additional small representing the remnant of a third digit. In contrast the hind limbs were among the longest in proportion to body size of any theropod. The tail was heavy and long, sometimes containing over forty , in order to balance the massive head and torso. To compensate for the immense bulk of the animal, many bones throughout the skeleton were hollow, reducing its weight without significant loss of strength.
The largest known Tyrannosaurus rex skulls measure up to 5 feet (1.5 m) in length. Large
(openings) in the skull reduced weight and provided areas for muscle attachment, as in all carnivorous theropods. But in other respects Tyrannosaurus's skull was significantly different from those of large non- theropods. It was extremely wide at the rear but had a narrow snout, allowing unusually good . The skull bones were massive and the
and some other bones were fused, preventing m but many were
(contained a "honeycomb" of tiny air spaces) which may have made the bones more flexible as well as lighter. These and other skull-strengthening features are part of the trend towards an increasingly powerful bite, which easily surpassed that of all non-tyrannosaurids. The tip of the upper jaw was U-shaped (most non-tyrannosauroid carnivores had V-shaped upper jaws), which increased the amount of tissue and bone a tyrannosaur could rip out with one bite, although it also increased the stresses on the front teeth.
Profile view of a skull (AMNH 5027)
A 2012 study by scientists Karl Bates and Peter Falkingham suggested that the bite force of Tyrannosaurus could have been the strongest of any terrestrial animal that has ever lived. The calculations suggested that adult T. rex could have generated from 35000 to 57000 newtons of force in the back teeth, or the equivalent of three times the force estimated for a great white shark, 15 times the force of an African lion, 3 and a half times the force of an Australian saltwater crocodile and around 7 times the estimated force for . However, even higher estimates were made by professor Mason B. Meers of the University of Tampa in 2003. In his study, Meers estimated a possible bite force of around 183000 to 235000 newtons or 18.3 to 23.5 a bite force equivalent to that of the largest Megalodon shark specimens.
The teeth of Tyrannosaurus rex displayed marked
(differences in shape). The
teeth at the front of the upper jaw were closely packed, D-shaped in cross-section, had reinforcing ridges on the rear surface, were
(their tips were chisel-like blades) and curved backwards. The D-shaped cross-section, reinforcing ridges and backwards curve reduced the risk that the teeth would snap when Tyrannosaurus bit and pulled. The remaining teeth were robust, like "lethal bananas" more widely spaced and also had reinforcing ridges. Those in the upper jaw were larger than those in all but the rear of the lower jaw. The largest found so far is estimated to have been 30 centimetres (12 in) long including the root when the animal was alive, making it the largest tooth of any carnivorous dinosaur yet found.
Classification
Tyrannosaurus is the
genus of the superfamily , the
, and the subfamily T in other words it is the standard by which paleontologists decide whether to include other species in the same group. Other members of the tyrannosaurine subfamily include the North American
Tarbosaurus, both of which have occasionally been synonymized with Tyrannosaurus. Tyrannosaurids were once commonly thought to be descendants of earlier large theropods such as
and , although more recently they were reclassified with the generally smaller .
Diagram showing the differences between a generalised Tarbosaurus(A) and Tyrannosaurus (B) skull
Cast of the Nanotyrannus lancensis holotype, possibly a juvenile Tyrannosaurus
In 1955, Soviet
named a new species, Tyrannosaurus bataar, from . By 1965, this species had been renamed Tarbosaurus bataar. Despite the renaming, many
analyses have foundTarbosaurus bataar to be the
of Tyrannosaurus rex, and it has often been considered an Asian species of Tyrannosaurus. A recent redescription of the skull of Tarbosaurus bataar has shown that it was much narrower than that of Tyrannosaurus rex and that during a bite, the distribution of stress in the skull would have been very different, closer to that of , another Asian tyrannosaur. A related
analysis found thatAlioramus, not Tyrannosaurus, was the sister taxon of Tarbosaurus, which, if true, would suggest that Tarbosaurus andTyrannosaurus should remain separate.
Other tyrannosaurid fossils found in the same formations as Tyrannosaurus rex were originally classified as separate taxa, including Aublysodon and Albertosaurus megagracilis, the latter being named Dinotyrannus megagracilis in 1995. However, these fossils are now universally considered to belong to juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex. A small but nearly complete skull from Montana, 60 centimetres (2.0 ft) long, may be an exception. This skull was originally classified as a species of
(G. lancensis) by
in 1946, but was later referred to a new genus, . Opinions remain divided on the validity of N. lancensis. Many paleontologists consider the skull to belong to a juvenile Tyrannosaurus rex. There are minor differences between the two species, including the higher number of teeth in N. lancensis, which lead some scientists to recommend keeping the two genera separate until further research or discoveries clarify the situation.
题型技巧分析
是非无判断题解题思路：
1. 关键词定位到原文中与题目出现重复的段落
2. 判断方式不包含任何逻辑推理
TRUE: 是原文的同义近义改写
FALSE: 对于原文信息的直接改写
NOT GIVEN: 原文没有信息，或通过原文信息不能直接推理出来
3. 书写应该规范，大写全拼。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
2012年4月12日旧题
Reading Passage 2
英国戏剧的复兴
Question types:
List of headings 标题配对题 7题
Matching 分类配对题 3题
句子填空题 3题
文章内容回顾
英国戏剧中世纪的复兴，首段说国王卷土回来，戏剧复兴，产生新的形式，连莎士比亚的剧作都有了新元素，罗密欧与朱丽叶都有了happy ending。接下来讲了两大剧院建立，然后讲舞台的布局，接下来是喜剧成为主流，女演员也加入进来，最后讲悲剧也得到了巨大的发展。
题型难度分析
题型技巧分析
list of headings:
要求对题目中给出的段落，根据其内容找出与其相匹配的段落标题。尽管题目说明中提示一个选项可能会适用多个，但正式考试中一般一个选项只能用于一个段落。
1. 在list of headings中划去作为例子的heading或headings, 以免根据段落内容在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题时，它（它们）会干扰考试者对其他headings的选择。
2. 在文章中把作为例子的段落划掉，以免对例子段落进行不必要的精读。
3. 对题目中给出的段落，按照首句（第一、二句）、末句和中间句寻找主题句的方法，在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题
4. 如果时间允许，按照文章的段落顺序，对非题目中给出的段落及例子段落进行快速阅读，而对题目中给出并要求找出与其相匹配的段落标题的段落进行精读。找出其中心意思后，再在list of headings中找出与其相匹配的段落标题。
5. 选出几个可能匹配的题目进行比较（通常两至三个），当然其中只能有一个为正确答案。
6. 对于第一种匹配题型可以将最难的题留在最后进行匹配，不要在较难的题上花费更多的时间，而应选择较易回答的题目进行匹配，最后所剩即为该难题的答案。
7. 要仔细检察答案，特别是第一题型，因为答错一题，就意味着答错两道题。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑6 Test 1
剑7 Test 1
Reading Passage 3
Question types:
信息段落配对 5题
Classification 8题
文章内容回顾
讨论小班教育的内容，说美国人对小班教育越来越不会在意了，因为变成一个基本的政策了，然后通过三个projects分别陈述了不同的project有什么效果。
第一个project讲的是把小孩子分到三种班级里，第一种10个人，第二种固定班20多个人，第三种也是固定班30个人，但是既有老师还有一个teaching aide。然后这样分班分3年，最后一年集合到一个班里来，保证他们有平等的教育。这时候小班教育的学生就表现出优势了。
第二个project也是分小班，但是只是选一些特殊的学校，然后这个project会恶化现状，因为好的地方总是吸引好的老师，然后教育水平差距越来越大。
最后一个project讲的是小班学生中，还选了30%的平均水平之下的学生，使这个结果更加全面。
题型难度分析
题型技巧分析
细节配对是雅思考试中比较难的题型，我们来分析一下这类题目的做题技巧：
首先，让我们来了解一下这种题目的出题特点。
1. 彻底同义转换
和其它题型不同的是，这种题型是对原文一句话或者一段话进行的彻底同义转换，个别甚至是高度概括，因此几乎不存在任何定位词，因此不能根据定位词到原文中定位答案。考生必须具备非常强的语言理解能力，才能快速识别出文章信息和段落信息的相似之处，从而找到答案。
2. 完全乱序
由于这种题型是要求把细节信息与所在的段落进行配对，因此是绝对打乱顺序出题的。
3. 部分题目存在重复选项
在雅思阅读中，段落细节配对题以两种形式出现，一种是每个选项只能用一次，另外一种题型，在Instruction的最后一句往往有这样的提示：NB You may use any letter more than once.
如果出现这样的提示，则说明某些段落可以重复选用。剑桥真题集中的真题以及笔者、考生的实际考试经历证明，这种指令往往意味着有且仅有一个选项可以使用两次。
4. 从题量上来看，存在着以下两种可能：
1) 题量=段落数+1（肯定带NB）
2) 题量小于段落数两个以上
由于每个选项只能重复使用一次，因此第一种题型就意味着每个段落都会有至少一个答案，而第二种题型则不能保证每段都有。
5. 永远是第一个题型
不管在A类考试还是G类的考试中，我们发现，这种题目永远是出现在第一个题型，而且这种题型与段落标题配对题型List of headings属于“相克题型”，即这两者不可能同时出现。
6. 有部分题目与其后的题目有关联
由于这种题型一般都是跨全文出的，因此跟后面的题目不可避免地出现交叉，因此有可能根据后面的题目来推断出细节所在的位置。
题量=段落数+1, 且带NB的题型：
前面讲过，由于段落细节配对题的出题特点，这种题型往往暗示了每段都会有至少一个答案，那么这种题目适合用“通篇浏览”的方法来做。具体步骤如下：
1. 阅读所有题目，划出关键词
关键词就是能最大限度上概括整个句子的单词或短语，第一步划出关键词，在短时间内将所有的题目进行高度的浓缩，符合人类短期记忆的规律。
2. 通读所有段落，依次寻找答案
因为每段都会有答案，因此现在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在选出信息后，要在选出的段落上做上记号，以免浪费时间。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
2009年9月12日旧题
考试趋势分析和备考指导：
本次阅读考试体现了现在雅思阅读考试的主流趋势，本次考试中是非无题量增加，这应该是一件好事。但是在具体的考试中，很多学生，仍然对于是非无的判断把握不好。是非无的注意点：1. 定位；2. 判断；3. 书写。平时练习中一定要好好分析错误的原因。
提高阅读速度：
1. 扩大眼睛扫描的宽度，训练自己一眼看过至少阅读到3-5个单词。
2. 快速泛读不同领域的书籍，理解和掌握书中主要内容即可，拓宽自己的知识面。
3. 计时阅读，养成计时阅读的习惯，计时阅读每次进行5-10分钟即可，不宜太长。在加快阅读速度的同时努力迅速总结每段大意。
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n.发动蛋白
dynamin的用法和样例：
The results from electron microscopic examination showed that the pollen dynamin readily self-assembled into ring-like structures.
电子显微镜观察结果表明
The highly purified pollen Dynamin had GTPase activity,which could be stimulated 1.64 fold by calf brain microtubules in vitro.
经过高度纯化的花粉动力蛋白仍具有GTPase活性
As a case in point, the enzyme dynamin 1 has long fascinated scientists because it was thought to play an essential role in helping to package neurotransmitters for release.
作为一个例子，发动蛋白-1因为在包裹释放的神经递质过程中有重要的作用，而引起了科学家浓厚的兴趣。
New studies by Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers at Yale Uniersity hae shown that under certain conditions, howeer, dynamin 1 may not be needed for basic nere cell function.
Howard Hughes 医学院的研究者在耶鲁大学的最新研究表明在一定条件下，发动蛋白-1不具备基本的神经细胞功能。
New studies by Howard Hughes Medical Institute researchers at Yale University have shown that under certain conditions, however, dynamin 1 may not be needed for basic nerve cell function.
Howard Hughes 医学院的研究者在耶鲁大学的最新研究表明在一定条件下，发动蛋白-1不具备基本的神经细胞功能。
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提问者采纳
Bees are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. Bees are a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, pre筏涪齿菏佼孤酬酞揣喀sently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila. There are slightly fewer than 20,000 known species of bee, though many are undescribed and the actual number is probably higher. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, in every habitat on the planet that contains flowering dicotyledons.
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Nowadays, with the improvement of the people’s living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets. Some raise small dogs or cats as their pets while others raise various birds or fishes as their pets. There are still even some people raising snakes and other unusual animals as their pets. Does anyone have the same opinion of raising animals as pets? No, some people object to the idea of raising animals as pets. To them, animals have their own right to live a natural life like human beings. On the other hand, the way people raise animals as pets have a negative influence on the surroundings such as dogs’ barking at midnight, dogs’ chasing people on the street and so on. What’s more, some animals will transmit some diseases. In my opinion, I do not like the idea to raise animals at pets. Animals have their own right to lead a life as they like. We should not deprive them of their natural right. In this way, we will live in筏涪齿菏佼孤酬酞揣喀 a peaceful world in harmony with the other living creatures.
In this society, any animal cannot separate, the honeybee to the human is friendly. The honeybee to does not blossom looks like the water not to be able to leave the fish to be the same, the flower similarly also cannot leave the honeybee. Will not have the honeybee not to be able to pass on pollen such flower to wither, does not have the pollen honeybee also to die. The honeybee is great, they unite the cooperation division of labor to understand, orderly. We should to the honeybee study. ~~~~~
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