Heterogenous properties of dentate granule neurons in the adult rat.
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2000 Feb 5;42(2):248-57.Heterogenous properties of dentate granule neurons in the adult rat.1, , .1Kinsmen Lab, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.AbstractPostnatal neurogenesis contributes substantially to the neuronal population of the adult dentate gyrus. We report here that the neurons located in the deep aspects of the granule cell layer, near the proliferative zone, have different properties from those located in the superficial layers. The former group of neurons, tentatively designated as young, can be readily identified in a standard hippocampal slice preparation by morphological, immunohistochemical, and electrophysiological criteria. Electrophysiological recordings and imaging with Lucifer yellow from these neurons in the standard hippocampal slice preparation showed one or two main dendrites and conically shaped branches possessing varicose protrusions. These features are in agreement with the appearance of the same population of young neurons immunopositive for TOAD-64, a marker for immature neurons. In disinhibited slices, these putative young neurons are distinguished from the mature neurons, located in the superficial granule cell layer, by showing paired pulse facilitation and having a lower threshold for induction of long-term potentiation. The putative young neurons are completely unaffected by GABA(A) inhibition and always display robust long-term potentiation. In contrast, the mature neurons never produce long-term potentiation when the GABA(A) inhibition is intact. We propose that the heterogeneity of the functional properties of the granule neurons is related to the ongoing neurogenesis in the adult animals.Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .&&&时间开放
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Now, by combining the open teaching method in and out of China with the foreign experiment teaching methods, we bring the model of The Open Physics Experiment Teaching into middle school physics experiment teaching from three aspects at the same time: time open, room open and content open.
本人在借鉴国内外大学开放式物理实验教学模式和国外中学的实验教学方式的基础上，将开放式物理实验教学模式引入中学物理实验教学中，并从(1)时间开放；
The mean current during the period 5 -105 ms after the onset of the test pulses ( I )was measured and divided by the unitary current amplitude ( i ) to yield NP0 ( since I = N x P0 x i ) , where N is the number of channels in the patch and P0 is the time - averaged open - state probability of the channels.
测定实验脉冲开始后5～105 ms期间的平均电流(I)并除以单通道电流幅值(i)以获得通道开放频率(NP_0)，其中N为膜片中的通道数目，P_0为通道的平均时间开放频率。
This is quite different to the complete markets assumptions in the classica
这一点与经典的一般均衡定理有明显的区别，在经典的一般均衡理论中，市场都是完备的，所有商品的交易都是可能的，所有的市场都是在同一时间开放的；
Open teacher's training refers to the open to training mechanism, to training curriculum, method and time.
开放式教师培训是指培训机制开放、培训课程开放、培训方式开放、培训时间开放。
Its main pattern consists of time-opening and substance-opening.
开放实验室的主要模式有实验时间开放和实验内容开放两种。
Time is...
Opening laboratory provides students with abundant test time.
开放实验室,提供足够的实验时间。
The results showed that the concentration-time curve of blood conforms with the two open compartments model.
时间曲线符合二室开放模型。
高等教育的开放;
查询“时间开放”译词为用户自定义的双语例句&&&&我想查看译文中含有：的双语例句
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The last three levels form a local real-time open robot controller, which realizes motion planning and motion control of a robot.
On unit time open shops with additional restrictions
Unit time open shop problems with release times to minimize total completion time were unsolved up to now for both allowed and forbidden delay times.
New plant-based production routes may challenge established chemical and biochemical domains, but at the same time open new horizons to valuable feedstocks, intermediates and end-products.
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& The toleiance of splenic warm ischemia in rabbits was studied by interrupting the blcod flow to the spleen. After occluding the splenic artery and vein with no injury vascular clamps, the clamps were opened at different times in each group. Three days later Indian ink was injected into veins for the splenic clearance test. Laparotomy was performed to observe the morphologic and histologic appearance of the splenic survival, in the latter, we used a morphometric analysis to find out their fine changes. Resul... &&&&&&&&&&&&本实验以家兔为对象,采用血流阻断法测定脾脏可耐受热缺血时间。术中以无损伤血管钳钳夹脾血管,间隔不同的时间开放血流,3天后用印度墨汁静脉注射测定脾脏的吞(?)滤过功能,然后剖腹观察脾脏的大体形态和组织学改变,并采用形态测量法了解脾脏缺血后组织形态的微细变化。结果证明脾脏可耐受热缺血时间为105mir。凡缺血在105mir以内的各组脾脏均可存活,并有相似的吞噬功能(P>0.05);缺血115min和120min的脾脏组织部分或全部坏死;缺血110mir组脾脏虽有活,但吞噬功能与105mir以内各组相比,差异显著(P<0.05)。形态测量学分析证实脾白髓面积、脾小体和PALS直径以及脾脏炭染面积均小于其它各组(P<0.05)。&&&&&&&& The single channel activities of T,L and B type calcium channels on cultured sin-gle neonatal &&&&&&&&&&&&采用连细胞电压钳方法，在培养的大鼠乳鼠单个心肌细胞上记录Ｌ、Ｔ、Ｂ三型钙通道的单通道活动。浸浴液中加入黄芪总皂甙２００μｇ·ｍＬ－１后，开放时间、关闭时间、开放概率、电流幅值四项钙通道指标无明显改变。说明黄芪总皂甙对钙通道无影响。&&&&&&&& The characteristics of single K
+ channels
cerebellar granule neurons of neonatal rat were studied by the cell
and inside
out configurations of patch clamp technique.The
as follows
: the predominant conductance of single channel was
the currents amplitude, the mean open time and
probability
were dependent of membrane potential , the
distribution histograms were fitted
exponential
components,
channel activity
wa... &&&&&&&&&&&&用膜片钳技术的细胞贴附式和内面向外式，在分离培养的新生大鼠小脑皮质颗粒细胞膜上记录到钾离子通道电流，有以下的生理特性，最常见的通道电导为２５ｐＳ，单通道电流幅度、开放时间、开放概率均受膜电位控制，通道开放时间分布直方图可用双指数拟合，无时间依赖性失活，不依赖钙离子，能被ＴＥＡ阻断，表明此通道可能为延迟整流型Ｋ＋通道。提示，小脑皮质颗粒细胞存在有不失活的２５ｐＳ钾离子通道，不同于文献报道的，可能是一种新亚型的钾离子通道。&nbsp&&&&&&&&相关查询:
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granule neurons
颗粒神经元（granule neuron的复数）网络释义 专业释义 颗粒神经元短语dentate granule neurons 齿状颗粒神经细胞cerebellar granule neurons 小脑颗粒神经元 ; 神经元 ; 在小脑颗粒神经元双语例句1.Methods Cerebellar granule neurons primarily were cultured.
小脑颗粒神经元原代培养；
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出门在外也不愁Pharmacological dissection of multiple types of Ca2+ channel curren...
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FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListApplyChoose DestinationFileClipboardCollectionsE-mailOrderMy BibliographyCitation managerFormatSummary (text)Abstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListCSVCreate File1 selected item: 7722641FormatSummarySummary (text)AbstractAbstract (text)MEDLINEXMLPMID ListMeSH and Other DataE-mailSubjectAdditional textE-mailAdd to ClipboardAdd to CollectionsOrder articlesAdd to My BibliographyGenerate a file for use with external citation management software.Create File
):.Pharmacological dissection of multiple types of Ca2+ channel currents in rat cerebellar granule neurons.1, .1Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305, USA.AbstractThe diversity of Ca2+ channel types in rat cerebellar granule neurons was investigated with whole-cell recordings (5 mM external Ba2+). Contributions of five different high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel current components were distinguished pharmacologically. Nimodipine-sensitive L-type current and omega-CTx-GVIA-sensitive N-type current contributed 15 and 20% of the total current, respectively. The bulk of the remaining current (46%) was inhibited by omega-Aga-IVA. The current blocked by this toxin was further subdivided into two components, P-type and Q-type, on the basis of differences in their inactivation kinetics and sensitivity to omega-Aga-IVA. P-Type current was noninactivating during 0.1 sec depolarizations, half-blocked at about 1-3 nM omega-Aga-IVA, and contributed approximately 11%
Q-type current was prominently inactivating, half-blocked at approximately 90 nM omega-Aga-IVA, and comprised 35% of the total current. Both P- and Q-type currents were potently inhibited by the Conus magus toxin omega-CTx-MVIIC. A current component resistant to all of the aforementioned blockers (R-type) displayed more rapid inactivation than the other components and constituted 19% of the total current. The Q-type current, the largest of the current components in the granule neurons, resembles currents that can be generated in Xenopus oocytes by expression of cloned alpha 1A subunits.PMID: 7722641
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External link. Please review our .mitochondrial swelling impairs the transport of organelles in cerebellar granule neurons　
next question addressed in the study was to know whether the decreased mitochondrial motility in response to mitochondrial depolarization is related to the mitochondrial swelling or to the impaired atp production. we measured the mitochondrial motility in the presence of these different classes of mitochondrial inhibitors. valinomycin, antimycin, and azide inhibit almost completely the mitochondrial motility as demonstrated (fig. 2) by decline in the average velocity (average distance per second traveled during motile and stationary state) as well as by fallen duty percentage (percentage of time in motile state) of individual mitochondria. however, no statistically significant change in these motility parameters was observed when we treated the neurons with bongkrekic acid (25 &m) or oligomycin (50 &m). these results demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial energy production per se cannot be the reason for impaired mitochondrial traffic in neuronal processes. the latter event is instead related to mitochondrial morphology modification or mitochondrial membrane potential drop (it cannot be excluded that mitochondrial membrane potential regulates somehow its transportation of this organelle (6)).
effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on mitochondrial morphology. the figure shows three-dimensional reconstructions of a mitotracker green-stained single mitochondrion from control (a), valinomycin (b, 10 &m), sodium azide (c, 25 mm), antimycin (d, 100 &m), bongkrekic acid (e, 25 &m), or oligomycin (f, 50 &m)-treated neurons. each panel shows three-dimensional isosurface reconstruction of the deconvolved image series (frame size 2.5 x 1.0 x 1.0 &m, l x w x h). note the increase in the maximal diameter of mitochondria treated with depolarizers (valinomycin, azide, and antimycin).
effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on mitochondrial motility. the figure depicts changes in the average velocity of mitochondria after a 15-min treatment with valinomycin (10 &m), antimycin (100 &m), azide (25 mm), bongkrekic acid (25 &m), or oligomycin (50 &m). the control column represents nontreated mitochondria. each column summarizes data from 4-5 independent experiments and represents at least 100 mitochondria. *, different from control at p **, different from control at p
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