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请大家分析一个英语真题句子surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust,that most valuable of economic assets ,is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore.两个that各是什么成分和意思
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（1）(that) 引导主语从句（2）that 引导定语从句意思就是：最有价值的商业财产---信任,是最容易破坏和若重新建立则花费巨大的,这应该对于最迟钝的管理者来说也应该是明显的.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive (1)that trust,(2)that most valuable of economic assets,is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore — and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands单词：surprise 吃惊；惊奇dim 暗淡的dimmest 最暗淡的executive n.主管；管理人员；adj.执行的execute v.执行；依法处死valuable 贵重的；有价值的sensitive 敏感的
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扫描下载二维码考研英语历年语法考点有哪些？_百度知道
考研英语历年语法考点有哪些？
我有更好的答案
考研英语是一项很复杂的工程，构成此项工程的核心部分必然是地基，毋庸置疑这个地基就是对语法的熟悉掌握和理解。语法基础不好，想要在考研英语中获取高分是不太可能的。对于考研英语来说，在语法的构造上有其自身的特点，实际上在很大程度上就是对长、难句的理解，所以语法的学习要和长、难句的理解相互结合起来。这样我们才能做到有的放矢，各个击破考研英语中的语法难点，为顺畅解题做好铺垫。下面海文考研对历年考研语法进行了重点总结，希望对广大2014考研学子有所帮助。　　一、虚拟语气　　虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。第二点：动词的时态。考研中的虚拟语气一般会出现在考研数学视频阅读理解中。是阅读理解中的一个考点。　　Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”，with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. (2005年 TEXT1)　　这是个含有同位语从句的复合句。that引导的同位语从句的谓语动词由would+动词原形be构成。　　参考译文：这样的行为被认为“完全是人类独有的特点”，其潜在的含义是其它动物没有这种敏锐的委屈感。　　二、省略　　省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语万学海文钻石卡法的分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences，这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的衔接关系，不容臆断。省略一般出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分的　　Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.(2002，翻译)　　参考译文：如果这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式不能也随之继续受到排斥。　　分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。实际上，与前句相同的成分才会被省略，前一句的谓语部分是：will continue to be rejected. 所以，后一分句补充完整就是：with the rejection of the technology of behavior, possibly the only way to solve our problem will continue to be rejected.　　三、从句　　从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词(connective)引导。 根据引导从句为主不同大概可分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状考研数学大纲语从句6类。前四类由于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句及同位语从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词，称为副词性从句。状语从句还可以分为条件状语从句、原因状语从句、地点状语从句和时间状语从句。在翻译的时候，它会成为一个考点，所在在做题的时候，一定要辨清它到底是什么从句，正确地翻译出来。　　例如：Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthless”species.(2010，翻译)　　分析：本题中含有两个并列的同位语从句，that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on“worthless”species.两个that的内容是对前面的evidence进行补充说明或解释。　　总之，以上是万学海文考研英语教研组的老师们在历年考研英语的基础之上总结的三个重点语法，它们是重点中的重点，每年都会以一定的形式出现在考题中，希望广大考生引起足够重视，各个击破!
2014考研英语：语法难点解析之名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
在翻译的时候，主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。同位语从句有以下五种翻译方法：①
可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。②
放在所修饰的名词前面，充当定语。③
译成独立句子：先翻译主句，然后用“就是……”或者“即……”引导出同位语从句，或者把同位语从句译成独立的句子，由冒号或破折号引出。④
用代词指代：先把同位语从句中的内容考研辅导班翻译出来，在后面用“这”或“那”等代词复指它，参加句子主体的构成。⑤
译成宾语：把同位语从句修饰的名词转译成动词，而把同位语从句译成宾语。【真题例句1】Whatis harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmenassume they are presiding over is for real.【解析】句子可拆分为：What is harder to establish is//whether the productivity revolution //that businessmen assume //they arepresiding over// is for real.主句为What is harder to establish is whether theproductivity revolution is for real。主句包含两个从句成分：从句what is harder to establish作主语；whether theproductivity revolution is for real作表语；that they arepresiding over为定语从句修饰the pro 此定语从句中businessmen assume为主谓结构的插入语。以what, whatever,whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句及表语从句在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。【参考译文】难以确定的是，商界人士认为他们所主考研辅导导的生产力革命是否真的存在。【真题例句2】It has also beenproposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there hasbeen less incentive for studying them scientifically: why should one develop atheory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about theobvious?【解析】该句可拆分为：It has also been proposed that //just because we know so much aboutpeople intuitively, // there has been less incentive //for studying themscientifically: //why should one develop a theory, //carry out systematicobservations, //or make predictions about the obvious?主句为：It has also been proposed。That…for studyingthem scientifically是主语从句，形式主语it的真主语。because we know so much about people intuitively是这个主语从句中嵌套的原因状语从句。冒号后面是一个简单句，对前面内容起解释说明作用。has been proposed, has been这个动词不好排除，但是如果你发现后面连词that后又有一个连词because, 说明that引导一个从句，而这个because引导的应是这个从句的原因状语从句，很自然它后面需要有主句。所以这个动词只是从句中主句的谓语动词，并不是整个句子的谓语动词。develop, carry out, make在冒号后面句子中海文钻石卡，不能成为主句谓语动词。由此确定主句谓语动词为has been proposed。It is +过去分词+that从句开头的主语从句一般按顺序译出。【参考译文】还有解释说，正是由于我们对人的直觉了解太多，所以我们没有科学地研究这些直觉的动力：对于显而易见之事，人们为什么要建立一种理论、进行系统的观察或是作一些预言呢?
考研英语中代词的译法 中文中善用名词或省略，英文中常常用代词指代，因此在翻译中代词翻译的技巧在于灵活地还原出代词在文中指代的意义。这里通过真题例句，重点讲解考研中常考的四类代词的译法。 （一）人称代词及物主代词的指代 【真题例句】 Additional social stress may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 【解析】 从结构来看，该句because of 的后边接两个名词短语the population explosion和problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport来表示原因。其中，第二个名词短语又含有一个短语themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport,来补充说明mass migration movements。因此，这里的代词themselves 指万学海文钻石卡代名词短语mass migration movements。 【参考译文】由于人口的猛增或大量的人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流通变得相对容易）造成的种种问题也回对社会造成新的压力。 （二）不定代词的指代 【真题例句】 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 【解析】 不定代词one 指代名词短语definition of history。在这里one 和物主代词及人称代词在指代名词方面有所不同, one 指万学海文代上文出现的名词的同类名词，其中，one 表示单数，ones表示复数；而物主代词及人称代词必须指代上文中出现的名词本身，所以单复数必须一致。比如这里若要用人称代词，则必须用they/them来指代上文中复数形式的definitions of history。 【参考译文】几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其作出解释。 （三）指示代词的指代 【真题例句】 Everybody has a responsibility to the society of which he is a part and through this to mankind. 【解析】 这里的this指代前面的a responsibility to the society，如果只是译成“这个”，则会造成语义不明。在to mankind之前省旅游管理考研去了Everybody has a responsibility (to)。 【参考译文】每个人都对他所属的社会负有责任，并且通过对社会负责任，而对人类负有责任。
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＞＞＞“Image is everything．” An entire industry has been built upo..
“Image is everything．” An entire industry has been built upon the assumption that image is everything, but when it comes down to it, an appealing image is not enough．If there is no substance（事实） behind the image, the product, service or person will fail eventually．First of all, one should consider how important image is in the selling of products and services．Advertising agencies have raised the art of creating an image to a state of near perfection．Public concept of that product or service is certainly managed by the images created by the advertising agencies．But if the product or service does not live up to the image that was created, the customer will be very dissatisfied and possibly ask for their money back．For example, the Arthur Andersen accounting firm had spent decades building up an image of trustworthiness．But the recent scandal （丑闻） showed that behind that image, it cheated in business practices．Despite the previous positive image, the firm is being accused of criminal actions and it will probably not survive as a business unit．Although the image had been nearly perfect, the reality behind the image has led to the downfall of the world famous accounting firm．Similarly, personal advisers can build up a public image for politicians and movie stars．Putting out positive news releases, making sure that only the best photographs are published, and ensuring that the person is seen in all the right places can build up a very positive image in the view of the general commons．But once again, history is filled with examples of both politicians and movie stars that fell from grace like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune．With people, just as with products and services, image is certainly important, but without positive substance behind the image, failure is close．To summarize, it is clear that an appealing image is extremely important to success, whether that image is related to selling a product or service or to the “selling” of a person．But image is only half of the equation．What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself —— the person or product must deliver on that image or there is little chance for long-term success．小题1:The downfall of the Arthur Andersen accounting firm is due to ________．A．its dishonesty in businessB．its previous images C．its bad managementD．its poor service小题2:Why did some famous people fall from grace?A．Their images were not well built upB．They failed to live up to their images．C．They felt much pressure from the publicD．They paid little attention to fame and fortune．小题3:The structure of the passage is ________． A: Argument&&&&&&&&&&&&& P: Point&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C: Conclusion小题4:The author tries to argue that _________．A．image creates everythingB．image is the key to successC．truth is unlikely ever to be equaledD．truth and image are equally important
题型：阅读理解难度：中档来源：不详
小题1:A小题2:B小题3:A小题4:D试题分析：小题1:A 推理题。根据第二段倒数3,4行．But the recent scandal （丑闻） showed that behind that image, it cheated in business practices．说明这个公司的问题在于他们不诚实的欺诈行为，故A正确。小题2:B 推理题。根据第三段4,5,6行But once again, history is filled with examples of both politicians and movie stars that fell from grace like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune说明这些人与第二段中描述的公司一样，如果不能符合人们的期待，也会失败。故B正确。小题3:A 篇章结构题。文章第一段提出问题，2,3两段方便从两个方面展开，最后一段总结。是一个总分总的结构，故A正确。小题4:D 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段最后三 行But image is only half of the equation．What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself —— the person or product must deliver on that image or there is little chance for long-term success．说明image与truth同等重要。故D正确。点评：文章谈及了一场讨论image与truth那个更重要。以推理题的考查为主，不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点，推理的根据来自于上下文，最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题““Image is everything．” An entire industry has been built upo..”主要考查你对&&人生感悟类阅读&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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人生感悟类阅读
人生感悟类阅读的概念：
生活感悟类的文章就是指能给人心灵以启迪，使人从中受到教育的文章。这类文章的体裁可以是记叙文，如生活中一些感人故事或情感故事，有点类似心灵鸡汤一样的短文。生活感悟类阅读解题指导：
一、文章特点：生活感悟类的文章就是指能给人心灵以启迪，使人从中受到教育的文章。这类文章的体裁可以是记叙文，如生活中一些感人故事或情感故事，有点类似心灵鸡汤一样的短文。有时故事的结尾会有一句“点睛之笔”，点出全文的中心思想，就像《伊索寓言》里的寓言一样。还可能是夹叙夹议的哲理散文或生活随笔。散文随笔通常会阐述一种朴素易懂，耳熟能详的人生道理或宝贵品质。文章的结构和议论文类似，一般是总分总或总分结构。每段首句或尾句为主题句（论点），其它句子围绕主题展开论述（论据），论证方法多种多样，或举例，或引用名言，或正反对照等。二、解题技巧：针对生活感悟类文章的特点，做这类文章的完形填空时，要特别注意以下几点：1、重点理解全文的首句。如果是记叙文，找出when，where，who，what等基本要素。如果是散文随笔，充分理解文章的中心句—全文的主题。2、阅读全文的结尾段或结尾句，有助于理解文章所阐述或蕴含的哲理、感悟或忠告等。3、调动自己的背景知识和情感。这类文章不会讲大道理也不会涉及到一些很专业的知识技术领域，而是谈一些小事和简单的道理，所以如果读者能和作者产生感情上的共鸣，读者会更好地把握作者的意图态度，从而提高做题的准确度。因此，考生在平时要做一个有心人，即用心去感悟生活中发生的小事，思考人生的一些基本道理，多阅读一些短小精悍的美文，多写写自己的心情故事和对生活学习的感悟。只有平时多用心，做题时才能调动自己的背景知识和情感。
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Life on earth depends on water, and there is no substitute for it. The current assumption is that our basic needs for water—whether for drinking, agriculture, industry or the raising of fish—will always have to be met. Given this premise (前提), there are two ba more equal access to water or better engineering solutions.Look at the engineering solutions first. A lot of my research concentrates on what happens to wetlands when you build dams in river basins, particularly in Africa. The ecology of such areas is almost entirely driven by the seasonal changes of the river—the pulse of the water. And the fact is that if you build a dam, you generally spoil the downstream ecology. In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information. But in the near future, governments will have no excuses for their ignorance. The engineers’ ability to control water flows has created new kinds of unpredictability, too. Dams in Africa have meant fewer fish, less grazing and less floodplain (洪泛区) agriculture, none of which were expected. And there average economic life is assumed to be thirty years. Dams don’t exist forever, but what will replace them is not clear.The challenge for the future is to find new means of controlling water. Although GM technology(转基因) will allow us to breed better dry-land crops, there is no market for companies to develop crops suitable for the micro-climates of the Sahel and elsewhere in Africa. Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World? 【小题1】What’s the main idea of this passage?A．The engineering solutions to water resource and their limitation." Z- b: `( N: D' P: ]- a&B．The challenge for the future.5 j: f, N( e: i& D&C．The basic means of controlling water.; R; R+ \" g2 V+ ?6 ]&D．The challenge for developing crops.% c( ^: e( W; e4 D+ Z& Q' `' N&【小题2】The author suggests that governments will have no excuse for their careless ignorance in the future because _____.A．The ecological destruction will be known to the public by researchers. T% H. a# g/ K) b0 Y. A2 Z. A8 I&B．The ecological destruction will no longer be a problem in the future
e8 h( I# J2 \. _( H% B. j&C．The future is an information age$ ?' C( P" c2 N8 \( N" P&D．Governments will face greater challenge in the future1 B3 I; P" h! H" B&【小题3】Which of the following statements is NOT true for meeting our basic needs for water?A．Water resource should be used more reasonably.! j6 G) [# V9 c" J. G&B．More dams should be built in river basins.4 Q
Z- e) C: c9 V# E&C．More wetlands should be protected from destruction.1 Q5 M* j- G4 Y" R' A& P&D．More dry-land crops could be developed in Africa.( I9 i2 U! U# \" I
J7 I&【小题4】The last sentence probably implies that _____.A．No one will invest in developing locally appropriate crops in Africa7 I" R/ b, f) `; D
F7 i. R&B．Researchers have no interest in developing dry-land crops4 h/ ^
G+ M6 Q' U2 B$ P5 a&C．Research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World may be profitable% J3 ?/ Y) f. D&D．There is less water resource in the Third World6 g+ _) V+ J1 j# M8 \3 f( \&
答案【小题1】A【小题2】C【小题3】B【小题4】A
解析试题分析：文章分析水资源局限的工程解决方案的做法和不利因素，并提出如何找出代替的方法。【小题1】主旨题：从第二段的第一句话：Look at the engineering solutions first. 可知这篇文章讲的是水资源局限的工程解决方案。选A【小题2】细节题：从第二段的句子：In the past, such problems have been hidden by a lack of information.可知过去这样的问题被隐藏起来，未来是信息时代，政府就没有借口了。选C【小题3】细节题：从第三段的句子：Dams don’t exist forever, but what will replace them is not clear.可知不会再多建大坝了。选B【小题4】句意理解题：最后一句话Who is going to pay for research on locally appropriate crops in the Third World?的意思是：谁会为研究适合第三世界的国家生长的作物买单呢？也就是没有人愿意为研究适合第三世界的国家生长的作物投资。选A考点：考查环保类短文点评：本文考查细节题为主，细节题可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息?或是其变体。搜查信息在阅读中非常重要它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法?即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。}