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&Issue contains Open Access articlesIn Progress
(1 January 2018)&Issue contains Open Access articlesIn Progress
(15 December 2017)&Issue contains Open Access articles
&&&RIS (for EndNote, Reference Manager, ProCite)&BibTeX&Text&RefWorks Direct Export&Citations Only&Citations and AbstractsOpen Archive articles This issue is In Progress but contains articles that are final and fully citable. For recently accepted articles, see .Original Research ArticlePages 1-11Laura M. Arciniegas, Eric Hittinger
HighlightsoExisting literature agrees that revenue- or value-maximizing energy storage increases electricity system emissions.oWe use a linear programming model of storage operation that values both revenue and CO2 emissions.oMarginal storage-induced emissions can be drastically reduced (~50%) with little loss of revenue.oIncreasing the round-trip efficiency of storage provides more capability to reduce storage-related emissions at low cost.Open Access&Open Access Article&Original Research ArticlePages 12-24Pu Liu, Guomin Cui, Yuan Xiao, Jiaxing Chen
HighlightsoAn effective method is proposed to balance the speed and accuracy of evolution.oStep size adjustment strategies can improve the efficiency of heat recovery in HENS.oThe proposed method possesses strong global search ability in optimization process.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 25-34H.R. Harsha Hebbar, M.C. Math, K.V. Yatish
HighlightsoRSM was adopted to optimize the transesterification process parameters.oMaximum yield of 96.2% has obtained at optimum condition.oSynthesised CaO-NPs were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR, BET and TGA.oThe reusability of CaO-NPs were verified for 5 cycles.oBiodiesel production follows pseudo-first order kinetics.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 35-42Zhijun Zhao, Xiao Xing, Zhigang Tang, Yong Zheng, Weiyang Fei, Xiangfeng Liang, E. Ataeivarjovi, Dong Guo
HighlightsoThe solubility of CO2 in DMC, [Omim][BF4], and their mixtures was investigated.oAdding [Omim][BF4] into DMC can decrease the vapor pressure of DMC in mixtures.oThe COSMO-RS model can predict the Henry's constants effectively in this work.oThe larger Ea indicates the higher CO2 solubility in these solvents.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 43-55Zhuo Ma, Kaixuan Wang, Yunfeng Qiu, Xizheng Liu, Changyan Cao, Yujie Feng, PingAn Hu
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 56-68M. Mohammadi, M. Lakestani, M.H. Mohamed
HighlightsoPresent study considers multidimensional function to improve a drag wind turbine.oArtificial Neural Network was assigned to define a cost function.oCost function is optimized by Genetic Algorithm to obtain the optimum design.oOptimum geometry has been simulated by CFD to get the off design performance.oA more tranquil flow-field around the optimal rotor is observed.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 69-90Ambrose Dodoo, Leif Gustavsson, Nguyen Le Truong
HighlightsoCost-effectiveness of energy renovation of a district heated building is explored.oVaried locations, energy supply systems and economic scenarios are considered.oFinal and primary energy savings of cost-effective energy renovation is analysed.oFinal heat demand could be about halved with cost-effective energy renovation.oElectricity use may be reduced by about 40% with cost-effective energy renovation.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 91-103Julieta Schallenberg-Rodríguez, Nuria García Montesdeoca
HighlightsoNovel methodology to determine off-shore wind potential for small regions and islands based on spatial planning and GIS.oInclusion of techno-economic constrain.oEconomical assessment to determine the marginal generation cost of wind energy.oPractical case: application to the Canary Islands.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 104-113Maolin Wei, Weixing Yuan, Lin Fu, Shigang Zhang, Xiling Zhao
HighlightsoA CCHP (N-CCHP) system is proposed and its performance in summer is studied.oThe N-CCHP uses an absorption heat pump in the plant to provide heat.oThe N-CCHP provides independent cooling and domestic water with primary heat.oKey influencing factors of the N-CCHP are discussed through mathematic methods.oThe N-CCHP shows better performance comparing with compression cooling system.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 114-127Yi Chen, Hongxing Yang, Yimo Luo
HighlightsoThe model of solar assisted LDD-RIEC semi-centralized A/C system is established.oThe extraction air ratio of RIEC is optimized at system level.oThe influences of solar collector area and inlet air conditions are investigated.oThe energy saving ratio is evaluated under various operating conditions.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 128-140Lin Chen, Yongchang Feng, Takuma Kogawa, Junnosuke Okajima, Atsuki Komiya, Shigenao Maruyama
HighlightsoNumerical model specially constructed based on real geological data of Nankai Trough Japan.oProduction rate level agrees with Nankai Trough and South China Sea test ( m3/d).oPrediction analysis in turn help verify the permeability data of the geological samplings.oProper selection of layer models for specific reservoir is important for large-scale prediction.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 141-150Jahar Sarkar
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 212-218Biao Feng, Zhao Yang, Rui Zhai
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 219-240Wojciech P. Adamczyk, Kari My?h?nen, Ernst-Ulrich Hartge, Jouni Ritvanen, Adam Klimanek, Timo Hypp?nen, Ryszard A. Bia?ecki
HighlightsoApplication of hybrid EL approach for modeling large scale CFB boiler.oNo-reacting and reacting case modeling.oDevelopment of hybrid EL model for efficient modeling large scale CFB boilers.oExtensive comparison of numerical results with experimental data.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 241-256Hasan Kayhan Kayadelen
HighlightsoSuitable for multi-component fuels, fuel blends, surrogates and additives.oSuitable for steam/water injection, argon dilution, EGR, reheat combustors.oPrecise estimation of flame temperature, thermodynamic properties and product species.oProvides key data for non-equilibrium emissions and engine performance calculations.oProgrammable with MATLAB for parametric simulations and engineering optimizations.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 257-272Babatunde Odetayo, John MacCormack, W.D. Rosehart, Hamidreza Zareipour
HighlightsoIntegrated planning of natural gas distributed generators and distribution system.oEvaluation of real options presented by investment in natural gas distri-bution system.oEvaluation of the option to delay, expand or abandon future integration of generators.oAssessments of the expansion real options presented by uncertain electric-ity demand.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 273-283Penglei Ma, Yong Wang, Yudong Xie, Jianhua Zhang
HighlightsoA hydraulic system is designed for coupling dual foils' motion.oThe coupling system achieves well the self-sustained oscillation motion of foils.oInitial pitching angle effects slightly on the response of coupling system.oOscillation amplitude and frequency decline as damping coefficient increased.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 284-294Tolga Taner
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 295-309Yunna Wu, Chuanbo Xu, Yiming Ke, Kaifeng Chen, Xiaokun Sun
HighlightsoTriangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are used to describe the uncertainties.oPROMETHEE II is utilized to sort the LSR-PV project alternatives.oNSGA-II algorithm is introduced to capture an optimal-Pareto set.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 310-322Hengyu Pan, Yong Geng, Ping Jiang, Huijuan Dong, Lu Sun, Rui Wu
HighlightsoEmergy analysis was applied to evaluate one combined landfill-power generation system.oKaya formula and IDA were employed to uncover the key factors influencing the sustainability of such a system.oThe low economic benefits had made the most negative contribution.o<p id="p g CO2eq can be offset when generating 109sej of electricity.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 323-336Jiekang Wu, Zhijiang Wu, Fan Wu, Huiling Tang, Xiaoming Mao
HighlightsoA CVaR risk-based optimization method is presented for renewable energy management.oPower loss risk is controlled by optimally coordinating DG output and EV charging.oThe risk index of power loss due to DG and EV is modeled using CVaR method.oPower loss risk are decreased in cases with EVs, DGs and DSs without storage loss.oA CCSOCP based method can greatly reduces the computational complexity and time.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 337-346Ershuai Yin, Qiang Li, Yimin Xuan
HighlightsoA model which can simulate the one-day performance of the PV-TE hybrid system is established.oDetailed one-day changes in coupling system temperatures, powers, efficiencies are revealed.oThe highest one-day average efficiency of the PV-TE hybrid system is obtained by optimization.oThe one-day performances of the PV-TE hybrid system and pure PV system are compared.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 347-362G. De Luca, S. Fabozzi, N. Massarotti, L. Vanoli
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 363-371Tae Young Kim, Junghwan Kim
HighlightsoThe exhaust energy recovery of a thermoelectric generator was assessed.oA TEG simulation model validated under the steady-state experiment was employed for cycle simulation.oThe TEG efficiency was maximized at high-speed, low-load engine operation.oDrive cycle simulation estimated the energy gain from TEG around 1.54–1.68%.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 372-384Ying Xu, Li Ren, Zhongping Zhang, Yuejin Tang, Jing Shi, Chen Xu, Jingdong Li, Dongsheng Pu, Zhuang Wang, Huajun Liu, Lei Chen
HighlightsoThe loss characteristics of a SMES magnet are studied.oThree kinds of power compensation experiments are carried out.oA thermal model of the magnet is developed.oThe thermal characteristics of the magnet under three operating conditions are studied.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 385-405Mohammad Nazeryan, Esmail Lakzian
HighlightsoA variable thickness blade (VTB) and constant thickness blade (VTB) are presented.oThe VTB decreases boundary layer separation at the tip section of the blade.oLosses due to secondary flows and blade profile are lower for the VTB.oEntropy generation is reduced at high flow coefficients by the VTB.oEntropy generation seems to give an advantageous effect of reducing the separation.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 406-416Jian Song, Xue-song Li, Xiao-dong Ren, Chun-wei Gu
HighlightsoAn ORC is added to the S-CO2 cycle for residual heat recovery.oDifferent recuperative ratios of the topping cycle is considered.oInfluence of the heat source conditions on the bottoming ORC is evaluated.oParametric optimization of the combined cycle system is conducted.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 417-423Hasan Yildizhan
HighlightsoThe optimization of srawberry production is evaluated by cumulative exergy approach.oCumulative degree of perfection (CDP) is calculated based on agricultural inputs.oThe CDP values for open field and greenhouse are 0.29 and 0.18, respectively.oA large part of loss of exergy is caused by fossil-based electricity usage.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 424-438Mahdi Motalleb, Anuradha Annaswamy, Reza Ghorbani
HighlightsoImproving day-ahead price signal through a real-time demand response market.oProposing a repeated game-theoretic market for selling stored energy in batteries.oConsidering dynamic pricing in a real-time market.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 439-447Wooseok Kang, Byungchul Choi, Seunghun Jung, Suhan Park
HighlightsoSuggesting a hybrid system which is combined LNT/DPF with SCR/DPF.oSimultaneous removal of NOx and diesel soot.oImproving passive SCR performance and PM oxidation performance.oA significant reduction of after-treatment device weight for the diesel vehicle.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 448-457Xiwen Cheng, Xiaoqiang Zhai
HighlightsoA three-stage cascade cold storage unit is proposed and designed.oThe heat transfer performance is greatly enhanced.oThe exergy efficiency is also improved due to the cascaded configuration.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 458-466Wen Su, Li Zhao, Shuai Deng, Weicong Xu, Zhixin Yu
HighlightsoA limiting efficiency is derived for subcritical Organic Rankine cycle.oA new expression of cycle perfectness is proposed from the limiting efficiency.oThe limiting efficiency is lower than the Carnot efficiency for any working fluid.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 467-477Hassan Fathabadi
HighlightsoNovel PEMFC/battery/SC hybrid power source proposed to be utilized in FCHEVs.oHigher efficiency (96.2%) compared to the state-of-the-art power sources of FCHEVs.oHighly accurate DC-link voltage regulation.oProviding higher speed (161 km/h) compared to the state-of-the-art power sources.oProviding 0–100 km/h acceleration in 12.2 s and significant cruising range (545 km).&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 478-487Dmitry Pashchenko
HighlightsoThermochemical waste-heat recuperation can be by steam methane reforming.oRecuperation rate depends on steam-to-methane ratio, temperature and pressure.oResults of thermodynamic analysis that performed by “IVTANTHERMO” are correlated with results that performed by Aspen HYSYS.oThe maximum recuperation rate is observed at steam-to-methane ratio of 2 for the temperature range of 900–1100 KoThe optimal pressure for using thermochemical recuperation in the reformer is 5–10 bar.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 488-499Anna Grosser
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 500-516J.F. Chen, L. Zhang, Y.J. Dai
Highlightso3-D dynamic thermal-electrical models are developed and validated for PV/T.o2-D temperature distributions of PV/T collector are illustrated and compared.oThe dynamic response characteristics of different collectors are analyzed.oThe comprehensive performances are studied under various operating conditions.oA multi-objective optimization is carried out for the design of PV/T DHW system.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 517-532Shiwen Fang, Zhaosheng Yu, Xiaoqian Ma, Yan Lin, Lin Chen, Yanfen Liao
HighlightsoStudy on co-pyrolysis characteristics of municipal solid waste and paper sludge.oThe emission of pollutants (CO, SO2, NO, HCl) and CO2 were illustrated.oThe products of co-pyrolysis could be divided into three kinds.o30% ratio of paper sludge in the mixture with MgO might be the most suitable ratio.oGauss-Peak function was employed to describe activation energy distribution.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 533-545Gerasimos Theotokatos, Cong Guan, Hui Chen, Iraklis Lazakis
HighlightsoMapping the engine performance parameters based on the zero-dimensional model.oCorrective formulae derivation for capturing the model/engine variables trends.oExtension of a MVEM based on analytical corrective equations.oBenchmarking of extended MVEM against the other modelling approaches.oCapability of predicting the engine performance with varying settings.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 546-553Yi-Song Yu, Chun-Gang Xu, Xiao-Sen Li
&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 554-561Yuwen Wu, Quan Zheng, Chunsheng Weng
HighlightsoThe detonation velocity behaviours with acetylene-oxygen-argon mixtures are characterized.oTwo detonation transmission modes with distinct detonation cellular structures are observed.oDeflagration-to-detonation transition lead to the detonation re-initiation at large expansions near the transmission limits.oA dimensionless cell size is introduced to correlate with the detonation re-initiation distance.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 562-574T. Yan, R.Z. Wang, T.X. Li
HighlightsoA thermochemical heat storage prototype based on working pair MnCl2/NH3 was constructed.oThermochemical heat storage density obtained experimentally was 792–1637 kJ/kg MnCl2.oThe maximum of thermochemical heat storage efficiency is 48%.oThe maximum for the average heat output power reaches to 9.9 kW.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 575-584Raiza Manrique, Daniela Vásquez, Gabriel Vallejo, Farid Chejne, Andrés A. Amell, Bernardo Herrera
HighlightsoEnergy diagnostics was performed to characterize the ceramic industry in Colombia.oBarriers and technological obsolescence in the ceramic sector was quantified.oThe use of gasifiers and oxy-fuel systems are proposed as good practice.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 666-681V. Spallina, G. Matturro, C. Ruocco, E. Meloni, V. Palma, E. Fernandez, J. Melendez, A.D. Pacheco Tanaka, J.L. Viviente Sole, M. van Sint Annaland, F. Gallucci
HighlightsoEthanol membrane reactor demonstrated for more than 50 h operation.o<p id="p% ethanol conversion achieved using Pt/Ni-based catalyst.oOverall HRF of 67% achieved in auto-thermal operation.oValidation of a membrane fluidized bed reactor model successfully achieved.Open Access&Open Access Article&Original Research ArticlePages 682-695A. Nour Eddine, D. Chalet, X. Faure, L. Aixala, P. Chessé
HighlightsoAn experimental set-up of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) was made on air-flow and engine test bench.oTwo types of thermoelectric material were investigated (Bi2Te3 and Si80Ge20).oThermoelectric power was measured in different electrical and thermal configurations.oA device level characterization on engine operating points was made.oAn optimum clamping pressure of the thermoelectric modules was determined.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 704-718Tong Yi, Fei Ma, Chun Jin, Yanjun Huang
HighlightsoA volume circulating pump is presented that can increase energy density significantly.oA novel energy storage system is proposed to enlarge energy and power density simultaneously.oThe weight and volume of the novel system can be effectively reduced as compared with traditional counterparts.oThe total benefit of the novel system is significantly increased as compared with traditional counterparts.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 719-731Sarangthem Sanajaoba Singh, Eugene Fernandez
HighlightsoModeling of hybrid system components considering the hardware status of PV panels.oSize optimization using Cuckoo Search algorithm.oHybrid PV-WTG-battery system results in most reliable and least cost solution.oSensitivity of wind, solar resource, and capital cost variation on COE is studied.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 732-745Guochang Fang, Lixin Tian, Min Fu, Mei Sun, Yu He, Longxi Lu
HighlightsoUse nonlinear method to model the ESER system with changing economic growth rate.oFruitful evolution curves of energy intensity and economic growth are obtained.oAn optimal interval of economic growth rate for the development of ESER is found.oA better plan to promote ESER with changing economic growth rate is drawn up.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 746-756Xinyan He, Zhaoxia Liu, Wenjuan Niu, Li Yang, Tan Zhou, Di Qin, Zhiyou Niu, Qiaoxia Yuan
HighlightsoBiochar yields decrease and gas yields increase with temperature from 300 °C to 600 °C.oCH4 and H2 in gases and C, total P and K in biochars increase with temperature.oCarbon and energy conversion efficiencies of biochars decrease with temperature.oCompositions of gases and biochars vary significantly with crop residue types.oThere are several high correlations among the parameters of gases and biochars.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 757-771Giovanni Ciampi, Antonio Rosato, Sergio Sibilio
HighlightsoA solar district heating system with a borehole thermal energy storage is analysed.oThe analysis is performed by dynamic simulations according to the Italian scenario.oThe results are compared with those associated to a conventional heating system.oThe comparison is performed form energy, environmental and economic points of view.oInfluence of the components' size and simple design rules are established.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 772-784Huan Guo, Yujie Xu, Haisheng Chen, Xinjing Zhang, Wei Qin
HighlightsoCorresponding-Point Methodology (CPM), for analyzing PES system is proposed.oEth-Emech diagram in a complex plane, for parameter optimum analysis is proposed.oRelationship of thermal exergy and mechanic exergy variations is revealed.oValidation and application of CPM for SC-CAES are conducted for the first time.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 785-796Yanlai Zhou, Shenglian Guo, Fi-John Chang, Pan Liu, Alexander B. Chen
HighlightsoOptimize multi-objective dynamic operation of cascade reservoirs.oImprove water utilization and hydropower generation without increasing flood risk.oOvercome the bottleneck of new energy development and water resources sustainability management.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 797-811Assmelash Negash, Young Min Kim, Dong Gil Shin, Gyu Baek Cho
HighlightsoORC for waste heat recovery of excavator engine producing heat of hydraulic oil.oEffects of using recuperator on the performance of the system are investigated.oUse of waste heat from hydraulic oil increases net power by 11.1% of the system.oUse of waste heat from hydraulic oil increases the costs of heat exchangers.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 812-821Ke Li, Boqiang Lin
HighlightsoWe improved the Malmquist productivity index.oTwo types of technological progress have different effects on energy productivity.oCapital-embodied technical progress is the main contributor of energy-saving.oEnergy prices reform is an essential supporting measure.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 822-832Geeta Kumari, Prabu Vairakannu
HighlightsoTwo stage underground coal gasification is carried out using CO2-air as the gasifying medium.oThe average calorific value of 217 and 260 kJ/mol of syngas is obtained using high ash and low ash Indian coal, respectively.oThe effect of O2/air molar ratio and CO2/oxidant molar ratio on syngas is studied.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 833-845Hong Gao, Yang Yu
HighlightsoMotions and wave energy capture of a cone-cylinder WEC with three DOF are presented.oEffect of PTO damping, design parameters on power capture and efficiency are studied.oAn optimized WEC is chosen. The absorbed power and efficiency are 38.95 kW and 60.51%.oPower capture is predicted for the optimized WEC at six stations in East China Sea.oAt six stations, the absorbed power is 19.18–38.59 kW and efficiency is 37.98–47.95%.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 846-853C.G. Chukwu, E.E. Udensi, E.M. Abraham, A.C. Ekwe, A.O. Selemo
HighlightsoGeothermal energy potential within the study area was determined.oThe maximum of geothermal gradient of the study area is 40.19 °C/km.oThis study area shows heat flow values that are lower than 100 mW/m2.oThe study area shows no promise in terms geothermal resource.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 854-866Mohsen Simab, Mohammad Sadegh Javadi, Ali Esmaeel Nezhad
HighlightsoProposing a framework for hydrothermal scheduling including pumped-storage units.oPresenting an accurate MINLP model for the SHTS problem with pumped-storage unit.oApplying NBI method to solve the proposed problem in an effective way.oUsing a reputable decision making tool to select the most compromise solution.oModeling the load uncertainty using scenario-based optimization.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 867-880Mohamed Mammar, Sihem Djouimaa, Ulrich G?rtner, Abderrahmane Hamidat
HighlightsoWind load of heliostats could be column height dependent.oMeasurements in wind tunnels are appropriate method.oMean wind loads, Strouhal number increase with the column height.oSmall column height is useful to avoid the resonance of heliostat structure.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 881-899Yujiao Zeng, Xin Xiao, Jie Li, Li Sun, Christodoulos A. Floudas, Hechang Li
HighlightsoNovel multiperiod MILP model for optimal distribution of byproduct gases, steam and power.oCorrect modeling of burner switches with fewer binary variables allowing turning on/off at a time.oIntroduce key practical features in byproduct gas, steam and power generation and distribution.oReduce total operating cost by 6% compared to that from the real operation.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 900-910Manuel Bailera, Pilar Lisbona
HighlightsoThe potential Spanish electricity excess is evaluated up to the year 2050.oResults depend on the assumed renewable production pattern and demand scenario.oThe annual surplus for the year 2050 might vary between 1.4 TWh and 13.5 TWhoThe Power-to-Gas capacity required to store it would be in the range 7.0–19.5 GW.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 911-933?ebnem Y?lmaz Balaman, Daniel G. Wright, James Scott, Aristides Matopoulos
HighlightsoA methodology is developed to design multiple technology bioenergy supply chains.oThe aim is to configure the supply chain and select the optimum technology.oThe methodology captures sustainability aspects and uncertain parameters.oThe methodology integrates mathematical modelling and fuzzy decision making.oThe methodology is applied to a case study of West Midlands Region in the UK.&Not entitled to full textOriginal Research ArticlePages 934-942Philipp Henckes, Andreas Knaut, Frank Obermüller, Christopher Frank
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