英语词组 进来的别急,不是要你列一大堆词组给我,是要这样的：onput offup就是说,一个词后面可以跟好多个词的,组成不同的词组,要中文,越多越好,谁最多分给谁是前面一样的词组啊，能不能找一些除了put在前面一样_百度作业帮
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英语词组 进来的别急,不是要你列一大堆词组给我,是要这样的：onput offup就是说,一个词后面可以跟好多个词的,组成不同的词组,要中文,越多越好,谁最多分给谁是前面一样的词组啊，能不能找一些除了put在前面一样
进来的别急,不是要你列一大堆词组给我,是要这样的：onput offup就是说,一个词后面可以跟好多个词的,组成不同的词组,要中文,越多越好,谁最多分给谁是前面一样的词组啊，能不能找一些除了put在前面一样的词组啊= =
1.__ontake on
承担, 接受, 从事, 较量, 开始雇用, 呈现例句:We can't take on any more work we're fully stretched (ie working to the utmost of our powers) at the moment.
我们不能再接受更多的工作了--目前已经全力以赴了.put on
['putɔn]vt. 穿上, 戴上例句:The man put on his smock and went out.
那人穿上罩衫,然后走了出去.pull on
用力拉, 穿, 戴例句:He gave a quick pull on the rope.
他很快地拉了一下绳子.carry on
继续进行例句:We'll carry on as arranged and they can do their worst.
我们还按我们的计画办事,他们想怎麽使坏就随他们便吧.hand on
依次传递Please hand on the magazine to your friends.
请把这本杂志传给你的朋友们看.turn on
['tə:nɔn]打开, 拧开v. 反对, 攻击例句:He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.
他忘了打开收音机,因此错过了那个节目.make on
在 ... 上获利在 ... 赚钱例句:Our reps make on average six calls day.
我们的销售代表平均每天打六次电话.tend on
vt. 服侍(招待)feed on
用 ... 喂养, 靠吃 ... 过活, 以 ... 为能源例句:F plant-eating.
食草的以食草为生的; 食植物的2.put__put up
vt. 放, 贮备, 推荐, 提供, , 建造, 举起(提高)vi. 提供食宿, 直接行动例句:I can't believe he'd do a thing like that on his own. He must have been put up to it by some of the older boys.
我不相信他会主动干那种事,一定是有些年龄大的男孩子叫他干的. put off
vt. 不安, 延期, 摆脱, 欺诈例句:He's a good salesman, but his offhand manner does tend to put people off.
他是个很好的推销员,可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感.put back
放回原处, 恢复正常, 延期例句:This afternoon's meeting has been put back to next week.
今天下午的会议已延至下星期举行.put out
vt. 熄灭, 用, 发表, 促销生产, 激怒vi. 出发, 努力例句:Only the shell of the factory was left after the fire had been put out.
大火扑灭之后,工厂只剩下个空架子了.put into
输入, 使进入, 把 ... 译成, 表达例句:In recent years a number of communications satellites have been put into orbit.
近些年来,很多通讯卫星被送上轨道.put down
v. 镇压, 记下, 批评, 奚落, 反驳, 杀死例句:Put me down for three tickets for Saturday's performance.
给我登记购买三张星期六的演出票.put a bold face on
对某事装作满不在乎He tried to put a bold face on his failure.他对自己的失败装出一副满不在乎的样子3.__offturn off
关掉例句:You should have had enough sense to turn off the electricity supply before disconnecting the wires.
你本来应该有足够的常识,在拆开电线之前先把电源切断.take off
v. 起飞, 脱掉, 取消, 匆匆离开, 成功, 去除, 起跳, 拿走例句:Doctors recommended that the drug should be taken off the market.
医生建议市面上应停止出售该类药物.make off
离开, 逃走例句:A long gunman gave a dozen deli employees the chill of their life when he herded them into two walk-in freezers and make off with $9,000.
一名独行持枪匪徒,将12名熟食店的工作人员赶进两间冷冻室,抢走了9000美元.这些人一辈子也没如此受冻(受惊)过.set off
[.set 'ɔf]v. 出发, 解脱, 装饰, 抵消, 使爆炸例句:Do be careful
the slightest spark could set them off.
这些烟火要格外小心,稍有火星就能引起爆炸.pull off
v. 脱, 努力实现, 赢得例句:She pulled off a great coup in getting the president to agree to an interview.
她竟然办到了让总统同意接受采访.carry off
带走, 夺去 ... 的生命, 获得例句:Quick thinking and ready speech may carry off a little daring.
思维敏捷和发言迅速可能弥补缺乏勇敢精神的不足.kick off
开始, 开球例句:Are you ready to kick off?
你准备好出发了吗?4__uptake up
拿起, 开始, 从事, 吸取, 接纳, 占去, 占据例句:She took up the narrative where John had left off.
她接著讲约翰未讲完的故事.make up
v. 编造, 弥补, 整理, 和解, 化妆, 拼凑成, 制定例句:Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.
农民只占人口的一小部分.get up
['getʌp]起床, 起立What time do you get up (in the morning)?
你(早上)什麽时候起床?turn up
vt. 朝上翻, 来到, 卷起, 找到, 出现, 发生, 调大例句:He's still hoping something (eg a job or a piece of good luck) will turn up.
他仍在期待机会出现(如得到工作或好运).shake up
使改组, 使重组, 使震惊, 使不安例句:Shake up the salad-dressing before you put it on.
把色拉调味汁摇匀再洒在色拉上.pull up
v. (使)停下, 拔起例句:It was a hard pull up to the mountain hut.
费了很大力气才到达山上的小屋.set up
vt. 建立例句:A week in the country will set her up nicely after her operation.
她手术后在郊外住上一个星期一定能复原.一定要满意哦
put on 穿上；上演；教唆；增加 把...放在上, 装出, 假装, put up举起, 抬起, 进行, 提供, 表现出, 建造, 提名, 推举put out放出, 伸出, 生产, 消除, 打扰, 麻烦, 作出努力, 使退场put off推迟, 拖延, 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻
put into 使进入，输入
put on ①穿上；戴上
③增加（体重）put off ①推迟；推延
②阻止；劝阻put up ①建造；搭起；支起
③提高（价格、速度等）
④为……提供食宿；投宿
⑤进行（抵抗等）
及物动词 vt. 1.放,摆,装Where did you put the spanner? 你把扳钳放哪儿啦? He put his textbooks on the table by the window. 他把课本放在窗边的桌上。 2.使处于(某种状态)They have just put through a busine...
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　　话说英语短语动词和惯用语（一）短语动词(Phrasal verbs)和惯用语（Idioms）在日常写作和会话中使用非常普遍，但一般英语教科书中对之涉及甚少。所以我们准备介绍一些有关知识，希望有助于读者的了解和使用。短语动词是一种动词与副词、动词与介词、或动词与副词和介词的习惯性搭配。该搭配的意义很难从其单词成分的意义推断出来，而且搭配上的细小差别往往会产生意义上的巨大变化。比如一个普通的英语动词work, 它有工作、运转、管理、经营、制作等意义。但与不同的副词或介词搭配成短语动词后，则能表示完全不同的意义。请看以下两个例句：Two lackeys of the Mafia boss worked the shopkeeper over for quite a while and ran away. (黑社会头头的两个马仔把店主痛打了一顿，然后跑掉了。) 这里work someone over 表示攻击某人并致伤，类似于黑话中的修理某人。All fans got worked up as soon as Li Yuchun started singing. (李宇春一开始唱歌玉迷们就激动起来。) 这里work someone up 表示使某人激动。上两例中动词work 是与不同的副词搭配。有时即使搭配的是同一副词，如果使用在不同的语言环境中也可有不同的意义。The director is a deep person, I’ve never been able to work him out. (老板城府很深，我从来没有把他摸透。) 这里work someone out 表示了解某人。My wife keeps fit by working out for an hour every morning. (我老婆每天早上锻炼一小时以保持身体健康。) 这里work out 表示积极锻炼。汉语中有很多生动的惯用词，如勾兑、做手脚、炒作之类，有时用一般的英语动词翻译很难贴切，但却能找到很传神的短语动词。比如勾兑有可能是买通、贿赂，也有可能是用其他好处把事情搞定。如果翻译成buy off（买通）或bribe（贿赂），就不能充分表达出勾兑的意味。这时可以使用短语动词get at。朗曼英语短语动词词典给出的get at的一种解释是 to attempt to influence someone wrongly, as by paying money or performing favors so as to persuade him to do something，与上述勾兑的意思完全吻合。例句After getting at the officials in charge, a shell company was finally awarded the highway contract.（勾兑了负责官员后皮包公司终于拿到了高速公路合同。）Get at用在事物上还有做手脚的意思，如The drug robber got at the drink he gave to the victim, and got away with all his money.（蒙汗药大盗对受害者的饮料做了手脚，而后把他的钱席卷一空。） 在句子中不用got at，而用added knock-out pills in the drink（在饮料中放麻药）当然可以，但就没有做手脚的味道了。下面几个例句中的英语短语动词都能原汁原味地表现相应中文词语的意思，而且文字简洁明了。This new film will attract the crowds, whatever its quality, provided that it gets played up a lot. (新片子不管质量如何只要炒作到位就能吸引观众。) 这里 play up表示言过其实的吹嘘、夸耀。I’ll get by with a bicycle until we can afford a car. (在买得起小汽车之前骑自行车也将就了。) 这里get by表示日子过得去, 就是口头上常说的也凑合，也将就。All the office workers believe that the appointment of the new director was put up. (办公室的人都知道新主任的任命已经内定了。) 这里put up表示秘密安排某事。Tian Liang was knocking about with Guo Jinjin for a couple of years before she left him. (田亮和郭晶晶分手前一起在公开场合出入了好几年。) 这里knock about with someone表示与某某一起在公开场合亮相。A float procession tomorrow will kick off the famous samba festival.（著名的桑巴舞节由明天的彩车游行开始。）这里kick off表示使某事物开始，发起某事物。用足球的开球来比喻事物开始，相当生动。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（二）英语惯用语是一些短语或句子，其意义不能简单地从成分单词的意义看出；作为一个整体它有另外的约定俗成的意义。这个特点是它与短语动词所共有的。事实上许多惯用语是由短语动词构成的，如go off at half cock（操之过急）、be out of the woods（脱离险境）等。虽然惯用语的意义不能从字面上直截了当地看出，但是学习惯用语还是有规律可循。不论哪种语言，许多思维规律是共通的。英语中和汉语中有许多惯用语在用词上和意思上都惊人地相似。这类例子很多，I don’t know how they got wind of the company’s going public.（我不知道他们怎么打听到了公司上市的消息。）get wind of表示听到风声。Vincent van Gogh finally took the easy way out, all the friends’ attempts to help him went down the drain.（凡高最终自杀了，朋友们想帮助他的一切努力都付诸东流。）go down the drain表示白费力气，四川话就是打了水漂。下水道虽然不是什么东流的大江大水，但东西掉下去同样回不来了。Sydney Carton worships Lucie, he would go through fire and water for her.（卡顿敬爱露西，他愿为她赴汤蹈火在所不辞。）go through fire and water for someone 表示愿为某人做任何事情。在英国著名作家狄更斯的小说“双城记”中，律师卡顿暗恋马奈医生(Doctor Manette)的女儿露西。露西的丈夫达奈(Charles Darnay)被法国革命政府逮捕后，卡顿替他赴死。The withdrawal of the Japanese fund has knocked the bottom out of the natural gas pipeline project.（日方资金的撤出抽了天然气管线工程的底火。）knock the bottom out of 表示撤消必要的支持，即四川话说的抽底火。抽底火不算太霸道，只是抽掉锅底下的柴火，釜底抽薪而已。而按英语的说法干脆把锅底都敲掉了。On the way home he was taken to the cleaners by two robbers! （回家的路上两个劫匪把他洗白了！） take someone to the cleaners表示抢劫或欺骗某人，就是现在常说的把某人洗白。把人拖进洗衣房，就要脱得干干净净。You can’t sit on the fence forever, or both parties will give you up.（你不能老当骑墙派，不然两派都要将你拒之门外。）sit on the fence意思很明显，fence就是墙。The man by the girl has designs on her.（女孩旁边的那个人对她图谋不轨。） have designs on someone表示对某人有不良企图。Design一般翻译成设计、规划等，实际上也有企图、打算之意。还有一点值得一提。中、英两个民族相距万里，文化习俗也大相径庭，但对一个死字却有一个完全相同的隐喻说法。中文是上西天，英文是go west。两者虽然意义相同，但来历可能不同。中文上西天可能来源于佛家说法，人死后就是去了西方极乐世界。而英文中的go west则可能与日落西山有关，这点还要请专家指教。有些惯用语虽然中、英文用语相同，意思上则有所差异。如夹起尾巴在汉语中主要表示为人处世谦虚谨慎。但英语中have one’s tail between one’s legs表示因失败、挫折而垂头丧气。The Rockets really have their tails between their legs since their seven-game losing streak.（七连败后火箭队完全丧失信心了。）同样翘尾巴在汉语中主要表示骄傲自满，而英语中have one’s tail up只表示因成功、胜利而兴高采烈。The Republicans really have their tails up since their surprising election victory.（大选意外获胜后共和党人大喜过望。）又比如pull someone’s leg 照字面很容易理解为拖某人的后腿，但其实英语的意思是取笑、作弄某人。如You are pulling my leg! I don’t believe the prom queen really said she would like me to take her out. （你开玩笑嗦！我不相信校花真说过要我约她外出。）校花一词在网上提到过几种英语说法，如school it girl、prom（学生舞会）queen、homecoming（校友返校活动）queen等等，但都不太准确。相信很多美国学生会直接说成是the cutest/hottest/prettiest girl in the school。但没见有人硬译成school flower。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（三）英语中还有一些惯用语，虽然在汉语中没有与其用词相当的说法，但仔细琢磨后我们可以理解其含义，甚至能找到意义相近的汉语惯用语。例如，The New Hope Group has been on the map for over ten years. (新希望集团出名十多年了。) be on the map表示著名。看看很多城市地图, 只有著名的企业才能标在上面。The portable PC that the young man is peddling must have fallen off a lorry. （那个年轻人兜售的手提电脑可能是贼&四川话念zúi&货。） fall off a lorry表示扒车贼从货车上扒下的货物，即偷来的赃物，贼货。这是英国人的用法。The other Chinese Go players have been out: they hope that Luo Xihe could pick up the pieces.（其他中国围棋手都出局了，他们希望罗洗河能够收拾残局。）pick up the pieces直译是检起碎片，意思是收拾破碎的局面。With many top players being absent through injuries， the Rockets had to scrape the bottom of the barrel to get a full team, and then lost to the Lakers 90-105. (由于许多主力队员受伤缺阵, 火箭队只好勉强拼凑一个阵容, 结果以90比105输给了湖人。) scrape the bottom of the barrel直译是刮桶底。别人把桶里的酒都喝光了，只剩下桶底的一点点。这时也只好将就喝了，总比没有强。所以这个惯用语的意思是将就使用现有的东西。I shan’t complain about the poor show since after all, you don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.（演出再歪我都没意见，反正是免费票；总不能当叫花子还要挑施舍。）look a gift horse in the mouth意思是送你一匹马你还要挑牙口。北方人的调侃说法就是当叫花子还要挑吃的。I gave the dog some lovely sausages, and he just looked down his nose at it.（我给了小狗几根上好的香肠，它却不屑一顾。）look down one’s nose at就是瞧不上的意思。想想你如果从自己的鼻尖上去看一件东西，那只能是昂着头，乜斜着眼。不屑的神情活灵活现。Georges d'Anthes laid siege to Natalya for two years before she accepted him. (丹特士死缠烂打追求娜塔莉娅整整两年,最后她答应了他。) lay siege to someone表示死死追求某人，就像包围城池毫不放松一样。法国军官丹特士与俄国著名诗人普希金的妻子娜塔莉娅·冈察洛娃有暧昧关系，诗人与他决斗身亡。当然，英语是在一个与我们完全不同的环境中发展起来的，会有许多特有的故事和特有的表达方式。这些就要我们通过学习去掌握。You’ve
now you must face the music.（你的骗局已经戳穿，这下子你只好吃不了兜着走。）face the music表示自食其果。马上就要吃苦头，还说是听音乐，英国人的幽默真可以！Drinks are on the house tonight! （酒水今晚免费！）on the house是饭店老板请客的意思。Zhang Yimou is really going to town on “Curse of the Golden Flower”, ordering costly dresses, building luxurious sceneries and recruiting D-cup girls，etc.（张艺谋拍“满城尽带黄金甲”不计成本，定制昂贵服装，搭建豪华外景，招募大胸美女，等等。）go to town表示搞什么事都不遗余力，特别是不计费用。New York public transportations have been off-limits for several days.（纽约公交系统已经停运好几天了。）be off-limits意思是关门（closed）或不营业（not available）。原来的用法是be off-limits to certain people = be forbidden to certain people to enter，即禁止某些人入内。例如，The town’s bars are off-limits to troops.（军人不能进入该市酒吧。）英语还有一个表示死的惯用语kick the bucket，直译是踢水桶。这怎么和死扯上了关系？原来有一个故事。说是一百多年前一个美国内战老兵退伍回到家乡，穷愁潦倒；最后站在一个水桶上把颈子伸进绳套，踢开水桶吊死了。以后kick the bucket就成了表示死的隐喻说法。相当于汉语的蹬腿儿。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（四）动词bebe above 动词+介词The children have been above themselves ever since the rain stopped.（雨一停孩子们就高兴得忘乎所以了。）be above/beside oneself表示异常激动, 比如高兴或愤怒。/号前后的词或词组可以等同使用。Most of what the speaker said was above my head, so I fell asleep.（演讲者说的我大多不懂，所以就睡着了。）这里be above/over one’s head 表示不能为某人所理解。be after动词+介词My daughter has been after me for a year to buy her a PC.（我女儿缠了一年要我给她买一台计算机。）这里be after/at/onto someone to do something意思是一再要求某人去干什么事，不达目的决不罢休，有点扭倒闹的味道。be around动词+副词Chris Philips is still around, though not so well-known now.（费翔还在唱，不过没那么出名了。）这里be around表示某人还在从事活动，或者某首歌还在流行。Chris Philips是费翔的英文名字。By Jin Yong’s description，Wei Hsiao Bao is a man of the world—he’s been around！（在金庸笔下韦小宝是个老江湖，精通世故。）这里be around有贬意，表示一个人世故老练，尤其是在两性关系方面。用完成时。韦小宝就是金庸“鹿鼎记”（The Deer and the Cauldron）中那个有名的混混。be at 动词+介词Guerrillas are ready, all armed and eager to be at the enemy.（游击队员们全副武装，随时准备出击敌人。）这里be at someone表示攻击某人。You must get your clothes at Parkson，that’s where it’s at. （你的衣服是不是在摩尔百盛买的？那里的东西很时尚。）where it’s at 意思是时髦或热闹的场所。摩尔百盛是成都市中心一个大购物广场。After months of arguments, the peace talks are now at a dead end.（经过长时间争吵和谈走进了死胡同。）be at a dead end表示事物无进展，没希望。Those teenagers are at it again, I’ll have to stop them! （那些娃儿又在胡闹了，我必须去制止！）be at it 表示行为不端。The shock was so great that at a moment I was at a loss for words.（我太震惊了，一时间张口结舌不知所措。）be at a loss表示不知道该干什么或说什么。My ambition is to be at the wheel of a big corporation by the time I reach forty.（我的雄心是在40岁时当上大公司主管。）be at the wheel意思是驾驶车或船，比喻为控制某事物。With his business gone down and scroungers crowding in on him, the pushover was at the end of his rope.（公司生意不好，伸手讨钱的人又蜂踊而至，这个好心人一筹莫展。）be at the end of one’s rope表示智穷力尽。 Pushover 在这里指那些轻信别人而又乐于助人的人，比如说民间慈善家。现在很多民间慈善家被索捐者纠缠，处境尴尬。Come and see us if you’re at a loose end! （没事的时候到我家坐坐！）be at a loose end表示无事可做，不知道做什么好。be away 动词+副词Harry Potter is away in a world of his own these days.（哈里·波特这几天老是一个人想他的心事。）这里be away表示出神。If the directors agree to a meeting, we’re away! （如果董事们同意开会我们就大有希望了！）这里be away表示有成功的希望。be before 动词+介词Van Gogh was before his time with many of his paintings.（凡·高的许多画超越了他的那个时代。）be before one’s time表示太超前而不为同时代人所接受。be behind动词+介词What’s behind North Korea’s offer? （北朝鲜为什么提出这个建议？）这里be behind表示某事物背后的动机或原因。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（五）动词be（续一）be between 动词+介词I have it straight from the horse’s mouth that Tianke’s stock price is to rise, but that’s between you, me and the gatepost.（有可靠消息说天科股票要涨，但这事只能天知，地知，你知我知！）be between you, me and the gatepost表示某秘密不能让外人知道。From the horse’s mouth表示来自可靠来源。be beyond 动词+介词The children tried to build a hut in the garden, but the work was beyond them.（孩子们想在园子中建一个小木屋，但他们根本干不了。）这里be beyond/past someone表示事情对某人太难了，不能理解或不能干。Your continual lateness is now beyond a joke, if you’re not on time tomorrow, you will be dismissed.（你老是迟到，这可不是开玩笑的事。如果明天再不准时就炒你的鱿鱼。） be/get/go beyond/past a joke 表示事态严重，不能开玩笑。be by动词+副词I’ll be by in the morning and see what I can do.（我明早过来看看能干点什么。）这里be by表示拜访或到达之意。be down 动词+副词The hard-hearted teacher is always down on the slower students.（这个没同情心的老师总爱挑差生的毛病。）这里be down on someone表示找某人的碴。I was down to my last penny when I found a job at last.（我最终找到工作时几乎腰无分文了。）这里be down to something 表示只有一点点钱或别的什么东西了。be for动词+介词You’ll be for it when they find out who broke the window.（他们知道你打破窗子后你就要遭了。）be for it 表示要受到惩罚。be in for it也是这个意思。The risky rescue of the tsunami victims on Phuket Island was one for the book.（对普吉岛海啸受害者的惊险抢救值得大书特书））be one for the book表示值得记载的事迹。be from动词+介词Vivien Leigh’s appearance now is a far cry from what we saw in her early films.（费雯丽现在的容貌与她早期电影中看到的有天壤之别。）be a far cry from something 表示与某事物有很大差别。费雯丽是早期好莱坞顶级明星，主演过“乱世佳人”（Gone with the Wind），“魂断蓝桥”（Waterloo Bridge）等经典大片。年轻时天生丽质，被称为绝代佳人。be in动词+副词Tell me who’s in？（告诉我谁当选了？）这里be in表示当选。Short skirt will be in again next year! （短裙明年又要流行了！）这里be in表示时尚，流行。而be out则表示不流行。It’s cold；I hope the fire’s still in when we get home.（天太冷了，希望回家时火还没熄。）这里be in表示火还燃着。It looks as if we’re in for some nice weather.（看起来天气要好了。）这里be in for something表示可以期望某事。Are you in for the running race? （你报名参加赛跑没有？）这里be in for something表示报名参与竞赛。Lin Fujiu, China’s wealthiest police-officer, was in with the criminals.（中国第一大款警察林福久与犯罪份子有勾结。）这里be in with someone表示袒护某人，或与某人有秘密勾结。相当于be in collusion with someone。Let’s rest here for a while, I’m all in.（我们在这里休息一会吧，我累坏了。）be all in意思是非常累。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（六）动词be（续二）be in动词+介词That pinhead has been in the clouds ever since he bought the lottery tickets.（那个天棒买了彩票后就一直胡思乱想。）be in the clouds表示心不在焉，沉溺于幻想。pinhead 是指没脑子的人。I’m still in the dark as to what my colleagues intend to do to amuse me at my birthday party.（同事们在我的生日聚会上要出点什么花招我还蒙在鼓里。）be in the dark意思是不知道秘密或内情，两眼一抹黑。I seem to be in deep water over this calculation, can you help me? （这个计算很困难，你能帮忙吗？）be in deep water表示有困难。I’ve been in the dog house with the big cheese ever since I blew the lid off the widespread graft-taking in the office.（自从我揭发了办公室里普遍存在的受贿情况后，老板看我就不顺眼了。）be in the dog house with someone表示与某人失和，失宠于某人。big cheese是指单位的权势人物，公司的大老板。Now that all sides of the question are in focus, can we please reach a decision? （既然事情的各方面都清楚了，我们作个决定吧？）be in focus表示事情清楚明白，而bring something into focus则表示使事情清楚明白。Dai Li’s fair-haired boy was found to be hand in glove with the Japanese invaders.（已发现戴笠的红人勾结日寇。） be hand in glove with someone表示与某人密切合作, 就像手与手套一样密切。fair-haired boy表示受宠的人。戴笠是国民党军统特务头子。The printers say that your book is now in hand and will be ready by the beginning of next month.（印刷厂说你的书已开始印刷，下月初就可完工。）be in hand表示工作已经开始，活已在手头。have something in hand意思相同。The fire is well in hand and we are now sure that the building will be saved.（火势已被控制，大楼可保无虑。）be well in hand表示处于控制之下。 have something well in hand则表示使某事物处于控制之下。其中的 well 并没必要翻译出来，但它却使整个用语的意义与前面的be in hand完全不同。After the spring festival the mall rat is always in the hole for at least one month.（春节后那个商场迷总要穷一个月以上。）be in the hole表示处于困境。mall rat指那些成天逛商场的人。You’ll be in hot water when the taxman finds out that you’re cooking the book.（税务员发现你在做假帐时你就麻烦了。）be in hot water表示遇到麻烦。古时候爬云梯攻城的士兵常常被敌人泼滚烫的开水而处于困境，可能是这个用语的由来。A farmer-worker is in the money, he won a prize in the lottery last week.（一个农民工发财了，他上周中了彩票。）be in the money表示新近富了起来。Please tell me what this is all about； I’m not in the picture yet.（告诉我这究竟是怎么一回事，我还不了解情况。）be in the picture表示参与某事或了解情况，而 be out of the picture则表示未与其事或不了解情况。Many conditions are in play in this round of bidding.（许多因素在这轮竟价中起了作用。）be in play表示有影响力，起作用。 而bring something into play则表示使某事物起作用。Have you heard that Jia Pingao’s new novel is in the running for the MaoDun literature prize? （你听没听说贾平凹的新作在竞争茅盾文学奖？）be in the running for something表示可以考虑参与某事，而be out of running则表示不予考虑。be inside 动词+副词It can’t have been the drug addict who stole the jewels, he’s still inside.（不可能是那个瘾君子偷了珠宝， 他还在号子里。）这里be inside表示某人还在监狱中，而be out则表示放出监狱。be into 动词+介词Many yuppies don’t eat meat now, they're really into healthy food.（许多雅皮现在不吃肉，只对健康食品感兴趣。）这里be into表示对某事物产生兴趣。雅皮指年轻都市白领,是由young urban professional这几个字得来的。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（七）动词be（续三）be of动词+介词I don’t get the fortune until I’m of age, so we’ll have to wait.（到法定年龄前我拿不到那笔钱，只好等着。）be of age就是到了法定年龄。Those kids will be the death of me, coming home so late ever night.（那些孩子真把我气死了，每天很晚才回家。）be the death of someone表示引起某人的极大忧虑。Deng Xiaoping is still full of beans at 80.（邓小平80岁仍然精神饱满。）be full of beans表示精力充沛。be off动词+副词This fish is off, I won’t buy it.（这鱼都臭了，我不要了。）这里be off 表示食品变质了。但如果饭店服务员说fish is off，则表示鱼卖完了。短语动词的意义与使用环境有很大关系，这是一个很好的例子。Oh dear, the motor mouth is off again on his experiences in the great cultural revolution.（天哪，机关枪又要滔滔不绝地讲他的文化大革命经历了。）这里be off on something意思是开始就某事长篇大论。be on about something 意思相同。motor mouth指那些没完没了说话的人。How are you off for cash? （你有好多现金？）这里be off for something 表示有需要的某种东西。be well off表示有很多， be bad off表示只有一点点。You’d be better off leaving the country.（你出国后情况要好一些。）be better off 表示状况不错。Your guess was way off；it’s nothing like that at all.（你的猜测差远了，事情完全不是那么回事。）be way off 表示大错特错，就是be a long way out的意思。be off动词+介词I keep telling my son not to go to cybercafés, but it’s like water off a duck’s back.（我一直叫儿子不要进网吧，但一点不起作用。）be like water off a duck’s back表示不起作用，就好象水在鸭子背上趟过一样。You must be off your head going out in weather like this! （你发疯嗦，这种天气还出去!）be off one’s head表示失去理智，不能清醒判断。I’m sorry. I seem to
let’s play again tomorrow.（今天我打得臭，明天再来。）be off one’s game表示在比赛或玩牌中发挥失常，表现不佳。这里说话人显然是在玩麻将（四川人叫打麻将）。It’s no skin off my nose if I lose this job, I can always get another one.（丢掉这份工作没有关系，我随时都可以再找到工作。）be no skin off one’s nose表示与己无关，满不在乎。The applicant expected to have to answer difficult specialized questi but the conversation was purely social, so he was off the hook.（求职者原以为在面试中有许多困难的专业问题，但谈话完全是礼仪性质的，所以他大感轻松。）be/get off the hook表示脱离困境， be/get on the hook表示陷于困境，而 let someone off the hook表示使某人脱离困境。The subject of politics was off limits in the premier’s family.（首相家中完全不谈政治。）这里be off limits表示不考虑，不涉及。be on动词+副词When father suggested a visit to San Xing Dui, I said, “I’m on!”（爸爸提议去参观三星堆时，我说：算我一个！）这里be on表示同意参加某个计划或活动。Jiang Qing is always on at the workers for one thing or another.（江青老是找工作人员的碴儿。）这里be on at someone意思是不停地挑某人的毛病，或叫人干这干那。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（八）动词be（续四）be on动词+介词Mother has been on that medicine for months, and it doesn’t seem to do her any good.（妈妈服那种药好几个月了，似乎一点不见效。）这里be on something表示定期服用某种药物。The new publicity manager is really on the ball.（新公关经理的确很内行。）be on the ball表示思想敏锐，熟悉情况。The washing machine is on the blink again.（洗衣机又不灵了。）blink 指灯光闪烁，be/go on the blink表示出故障，因为许多机器出故障后指示灯都会闪动。Iraq football team were on a cloud after winning the Asian Cup.（伊拉克足球队赢了亚洲杯后兴高采烈。）be on a cloud 表示很高兴，on cloud nine则表示极为高兴。I’ve been on edge all day, waiting for that phone call.（我整天心神不定等那个电话。）be on edge表示神经紧张不安，好象坐在刀刃上。The underworld boss has been on first-name terms with almost all city celebrities: mayor, police chief, judges, coal and oil barons, lawyers and newspaper editors. （黑社会头头几乎和市里的所有名人都有交情，如市长，警察局长，法官，煤炭石油大亨，律师和报纸编辑。）be on first-name terms with someone 表示与某人有称兄道弟的交情。“Wang,” said Domanski, “you must be on guard against making more careless mistakes.”（多曼斯基说：王，你要注意不再犯更多无谓的错误。）be on guard表示当心，仔细。These country roads are hell on tires.（这些乡村公路轮胎吃不消。）be hell on something/someone表示有害于某事物，对某人苛刻。Wang Jinxi’s team are sure hell on wheels when it comes to good hard work—they get twice as much done in a day as any other team in the oil field.（王进喜井队善于打硬仗，一天干的活比油田其他井队多一倍，）be hell on wheels表示做事努力有效。王进喜是中国石油工业最突出的先进人物，被称为铁人。Why is that boy so hell-bent on a job in the theatre? （为什么那个男孩非要到剧院工作不可？）be hell-bent on something表示毫不懈怠地追求某事。A tight-lipped man seems to be on the up-and-up.（不开腔的人看起来很老实。）be on the up-and-up表示坦白诚实。be oneself动词+代词Don’t try to act sophisticated—just be yourself.（不要装深沉，你是怎样就怎样。）这里be oneself表示顺其自然。be onto动词+介词Don’t think I haven’t been onto your little plan for some time.（不要以为我刚才知道你的小算盘。）这里be onto表示发现某个秘密或某人的错误行为。句子意思是一段时间以前就知道了你的秘密。be out动词+副词In view of the increased cost, I’m afraid a new car is out this year.（由于价格上涨今年不考虑买新车了。）这里be out表示不可能考虑某事。The telephones have been out along most of the coast since hurricane Katrina.（卡特里娜飓风过后大部分海岸电话都坏了。）这里be out表示不能正常工作。Wang Shuo wasn’t out for causing trouble, he just didn’t think.（王朔不是故意制造麻烦，只是欠考虑。）这里be out for something/to do something表示努力达到某种目的。Have you any suggestions to make? I’m out of ideas.（你能提点建议吗？我完全没主意了。）这里be out of something表示缺少什么东西。比如be out of one’s mind就是缺心眼。犯傻。严重一点就是发疯。This train will be out of service after next Monday.（下星期一后这趟列车停开。）这里be out of 表示不再处于某种状态。如be out of humor 直译是不再处于好心境，意思就是心情坏。be out of order直译是不再处于正常状态，意思就是坏了。Your offer is out of the blue, I must have time to think about.（你的建议太出人预料，我必须好好想一想。）be/come out of the blue表示完全没有预料到。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（九）动词be（续五）be out动词+副词I’m out of my depth when it comes to natural sciences.（一涉及到自然科学我就完全是外行了。）be/get/go out of one’s depth表示某事对某人来说很难理解或胜任。Among a group of polite diplomats, the Nazi ambassador’s rough manners were out of place.（在一群彬彬有礼的外交官中间，纳粹大使的卤莽举止很不相称。）be out of place表示不相称、不般配。Claim all your travel costs, so that you are not out of pocket on your business trip.（把你的所有出差费用都报销掉，不要贴钱。）be out of pocket表示掏自己的腰包，即赔钱。而be in pocket就是赚钱。The teenage mother has been out of sorts since the premature birth of her baby.（少女妈妈早产后身体一直不行。）be out of sorts表示身体不适。I’d better show you how to get to the house, as it’s rather out of the way and you might get lost.（我给你指怎样找到那所房子，它位置很偏僻，容易迷路。）be out of the way表示位置偏僻。Mr. S he seems to be out of the woods now.（沙龙今天醒过来了，似乎已经脱离危险。）表示脱离困难或危险。沙龙是以色列前总理，2006年初中风住院，告别政坛。Liao Changyong’s voice is simply out of this world.（廖昌永的歌声不同凡响。）be out of this world表示非常好，超凡的好。be over 动词+副词I’ll be over later this evening.（今晚上我到你这里来。）这里be over/round表示到某人的家。be over 动词+介词Don’t be all night over playing mahjong.（不要熬通宵去玩麻将。）这里be over something表示长时间地做某事。As soon as Santa Claus opened the door, the children were all over him.（圣诞老人一打开门孩子们就围上来欢迎他。）这里be all over someone表示非常热情地欢迎某人。The German women’s soccer team was all over the Argentine in the first few minutes.（开球几分钟德国女足就重创了阿根廷人。）这里be all over someone表示彻底击败某人。Some young people think a man is over the hill if he is past forty.（有些年轻人认为一个人过了40岁就没用了。）be over the hill意思是走下坡路，老而无用。When Liu Dehua invited a girl to sing with him, she was over the moon.（刘德华邀请一个女孩同他一起唱歌时，她简直欣喜若狂。）be over the moon意思是非常激动，欣喜若狂，好象是做梦上天一样。Don’t keep on so, It’s water over the dam.（不要老念叨了，过去的就过去了。）be water over the dam意思是已发生的事已不能改变, 相当于汉语成语覆水难收。这里keep on表示没完没了地说一件事。句中被劝的人可能是被垃圾股套牢，或买彩票填错了号码，或被女朋友甩了，总之很不顺心，所以老念叨。be through 动词+副词I don’t want anything more to do with you, we’re through.（我不想和你再打交道，我们之间没任何关系了。）这里be through表示与某人的关系彻底结束。be under 动词+介词One of Zhang Daqian’s most famous paintings is now under the hammer.（一幅张大千名画正在拍卖。）be /come/go under the hammer表示拍卖，因为竟价结束时拍卖师一锤定音。You’ve been under the weather for some days now, why don’t you see a doctor? （你不舒服已经几天了，还不去看看大夫。）be under the weather表示有点不适，有点小毛病。The detainee will be under a cloud until he is definitely judged free of any terrorist leaning.（被拘留的人未被确定无恐怖主义倾向之前要受到怀疑。）be under a cloud 表示受怀疑。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十）动词be（续六）be up动词+副词Something must be up； the children are not usually as quiet as that.（事情有点不对劲，孩子们通常不会这么老实。）这里be up不是强调发生了什么事，而是强调事情有点反常或出了什么岔子。Are the students up at the university yet? （学生们到校没有？）这里be up表示到大学或到大城市。这和中国人的习惯相同，从小地方到大地方都说上哪里，如上省城、上北京。The firm is up against serious competition from other companies, and will have to double our efforts to succeed.（面临其他公司的残酷竞争公司非常困难，我们只有加倍努力才能过关。）这里be up against something表示面对某事十分棘手，有很大麻烦。I hear the gardener is up for the robbery at the bank.（听说那个花匠因抢劫银行上了法庭。）这里be up for something表示因犯某事面临法律审判。Feng Xiaogang’s new film is not up to his last one.（冯小刚的新片子没有他的前一部好。）这里be up to something表示质量与某事物相当。因此be up to scratch表示够水平，达到标准。招生时在标杆上刻一道线 （a scratch），身高超过这道线就算合格。Don’ I’m up to all his little tricks.（不必担心，我清楚他的那些小把戏。）这里be up to something表示知道某事的秘密。Mother hasn’t been up to much recently, while her leg was bad.（妈妈近来做不了多少事，她的腿脚不好。）这里be up to something表示可以做某事。Mother’s leg is so much better that she will be up and about soon.（妈妈的腿好多了，很快就能起来走走了。）be up and about表示病后能起床活动了。I could see that the drunkard’s blood was up, so I avoided a quarrel.（我看那酒鬼脸红筋涨，所以避免和他争论。）one’s blood be up表示非常愤怒，一付准备打斗的架势。不能理解为热血沸腾，准备为事业献身的意思。At last Alberta Fujimore knew that the game was up, and let him be taken by the police.（最后藤森知道罪行已败露，让警察把他带走了。）the game is up表示罪行暴露，游戏结束。藤森是秘鲁前总统，因收买反对派议员而下台。I remember the time when we were so hard up that the boys had no shoes to wear.（那时我们好穷啊，男孩们都没鞋穿。）be hard up表示生活穷困。Since the minister died suddenly, his position is up for grabs.（部长突然死后人们都可以竞争他的位子。）be up for grabs表示任何人都可以争取。The two cross-talk actors must be hard up for ideas, since there were only old punch-lines in their show.（那两个相声演员恐怕已经黔驴技穷了，表演中只有些老包袱。）be hard up for something表示缺少什么东西。 Punch-line就是笑话中画龙点睛的一句，即相声中的包袱。The mothers were up in arms when they heard that there was to be no school crossing across the busy road.（母亲们得知在繁忙的马路上不设学生通道后都十分愤怒。）be up in arms表示异常愤怒。Ask Dr. Lin, She’s well up in children diseases.（去请教林大夫，她是儿科专家。）be well up in something表示在某方面十分内行。I can’t possibly come out tonight； I’m up to my ears in work.（今晚我可能出不去，工作忙得不可开交。）be up to one’s ears/eyes/neck表示非常忙。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十一）动词be（续七），动词bringbe up动词+介词To hit a person when he’s down would be right up the double-dealer’s alley.（落井下石是那个两面派的拿手好戏。）be up one’s alley可以直译为对某人的路子，表示是某人所长，合某人的胃口。be with动词+介词I was with you as far as your last point, and then I got confused.（你说到最后一点时我还能理解，再往后就糊涂了。）be with一般表示同意或喜欢某事，但这里只表示理解某事。I’m going to talk to the president of that company and ask him to I happen to be quite tight with him.（我想去和该公司总裁谈谈给你一个职位，凑巧我和他很铁。）be tight with someone表示与某人关系很好。That teacher will never be popul he’s just not with it.（那个老师不受学生欢迎，他太跟不上时代了。）be with it表示时尚或新潮。bring about动词+副词If the wind changes we’ll have to bring the boat about.（如果风向变了就要把船掉头。）这里bring about/around/round意思是使船转向相反的方向。bring along动词+副词This warm weather should bring the crops along.（暖和的天气促进庄稼生长。）这里bring along/forward/on表示促进某人或某事物的进展。bring around动词+副词We must bring the rest of the committee around to our point of view.（我们必须说服其他委员改变主意，同意我们的观点。）这里bring someone around/over/round就是说服某人改变主意。bring away动词+副词Yes, we enjoyed our holiday and brought away happy memories of the island.（假期我们玩得很开心，对小岛的印象很不错。）这里bring away表示带着某种东西回来。本句中就是带着美好的印象回来，相当于 bring back。bring down 动词+副词We have to rewrite the history textbook, bringing it down to 2005.（我们必须重新编写历史教科书，使其更新到2005年。）这里bring something down表示更新某事物。The city council will bring down the new spending plans on Monday.（市政当局将在下星期一公布新开支计划。）这里bring something down表示公开宣布某事，从字面上看是下发文件。政府的位置总在公众之上，中外看来差不多。The nerd had no idea how food prices had risen, so a day’s shopping soon brought him down to earth.（那书呆子根本不知道食品已经涨价，买了一天菜后晓得厉害了。）bring someone down to earth表示使人面对现实。Nerd指那些埋头于书本，不善交际的人。Li Baiqing’s funny storytelling brought the house down.（李伯清的散打大受欢迎。）bring the house down表示剧场演出大获成功。李伯清是四川著名说书艺人，他的散打就是用嬉笑怒骂的四川方言评说市井中的人和事。Mr. Darcy has too high a it’s time we brought him down a peg or two. （达西太自以为是了，我们得杀杀他的傲气。）bring someone down a peg or two很像汉语中的让某人栽个跟斗，锉杀其锐气或威风。在英国女作家简·奥斯订的名著“傲慢与偏见”中富家子弟达西向班奈特小姐（Elizabeth Bennet）求婚，但他的傲气使她反感。后来改掉傲气后才如愿以赏。bring forward 动词+副词Mark the total at the top of the page “brought forward”.（将本页顶部的总数做上“转入”标记。）在会计上bring forward表示将前一栏（页）的总数转到下一栏（页）以继续做帐。I thought we had agreed to bring the new contract forward today! （我记得我们曾经同意把合同推到今天来谈！）bring something forward就是将一项业务定到某个日子来处理。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十二）动词bring（续一）bring home 动词+副词The television picture brought home to us all the plight of the refugees.（我们从电视上看到了难民的困境。）这里bring something home to表示使某人彻底了解某事物。但有时也有将某罪名加到某人身上之意，如下句The police are making efforts to bring the murder home to the young Black.（警方竭力将谋杀的罪名加到那黑人青年身上。）Li Ting and Sun Tiantian went to the game without much hope, but they surprised us and brought home the bacon.（李婷和孙甜甜去参赛希望不大，但她们获得好成绩出人预料。）bring home the bacon意思是获得成功。bring in 动词+副词The farmers are bringing the apples in early this year because of the warm weather.（今年天气暖和，农民采摘苹果的时间提前了。）这里bring in表示收割庄稼，采摘果实。The Chengdu city council is pleased with the results of bringing ordinary citizens in on local construction planning. （成都市政当局对邀请公众参与地方建设规划所取得的成果很满意。）这里bring someone in on something意思是邀请某人参与某事。It’s a good idea to bring students in on the ground floor, so that they can learn on the job. （最好将新招的学生放到基层，使他们能得到锻炼。）bring/let someone in on the ground floor表示用人从基层开始。bring into 动词+介词You must bring actions into line with party beliefs if you are to remain a member.（如果你想保持党员称号，你的一切行动必须与党的准则保持一致。）bring into line with表示使某人或某事服从某种规则。Chinese government’s statement has brought the historical side of the Taiwan issue into focus.（中国政府的申明已经清楚说明了台湾问题的历史渊源。）bring something into focus表示使某事清楚明白。The newspaper must bring this shameful affair into the open if it is to be trusted by the readers.（报纸要想得到读者的信任必须将此肮脏勾当暴光。）bring something into the open表示将某事公之于众。Who knows what details may be brought into play when the video work begin? （谁知道摄制开始后又出什么问题？）bring something into play表示使某事物起作用。bring off 动词+副词The goal keeper brought off an excellent save.（守门员精彩地扑出了险球。）这里bring something off表示成功完成某事。bring out 动词+副词Difficulties can bring out a person’s best qualities.（困难中可以显示一个人的优秀品质。）这里bring something out 表示使某事物显现出来。如果是坏事，那就是暴露出来。如Plenty of money brings out the worst in someone.（有些人太有钱了就会暴露出其劣根性。）Your sister is very quiet, try to bring her out at the party.（你妹妹太腼腆了，试试在派对上给她鼓鼓劲。）这里bring someone out (of her/his shell)意思是鼓励某人大方一些。Is Duc de Guiche bringing Miss Plessis out this month? （德吉希公爵这个月会将普莱西小姐介绍给社交界吗？）这里bring someone out表示将某人正式介绍给上流社会。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十三）动词bring（续二）bring out 动词+副词When Gemma heard the news that Padre Montanelli sold Arthur down the river, she was so shock that she could hardly bring out a word.（琼玛听到蒙泰尼里主教出卖了亚瑟的消息后震惊得几乎讲不出一句话。）这里bring out 意思是用语言表达。在英国女作家伏尼契（Ethel Lillian Voynich）的名著“牛虻”（The Gadfly）中，主教蒙泰尼里为了维护宗教统治签字处决了自己的私生子，革命者亚瑟。琼玛是亚瑟的恋人。sell someone down the river 表示出卖某人。一百多年以前，美国黑人如果被卖给了密西西比河下游的奴隶主，那就陷入了最悲惨的境地。所以这个短语就是出卖某人、令人陷入厄运的意思。Eating all that rich food has brought my son out in spots.（高营养的食物又使我儿子全身出皮疹。）这里bring someone out in表示使某人处于某种情况。不仅指身体情况，也可以指精神状况。如Don’t mention what happened last week, it could bring dad out in a temper.（不要提上周发生的事， 老爹可能发脾气。）bring round 动词+副词Do bring your wi we’d love to meet her.（哪天晚上把你妻子带来，我们都想见见她。）这里bring someone around/round就是让某人来串门。Three men fainted in the heat but were quickly brought round with spirit.（三个人中暑晕倒，但灌了白酒就苏醒过来了。）这里bring someone round表示使某人恢复知觉。Dongrina brought the discussion round to the 110 meters hurdles.（冬日娜把话题转到了110米栏上。）这里bring round就是改变话题。冬日娜是中央电视台体育记者。bring through 动词+副词The hero who saved two children from drowning was very ill, but the doctors brought him through. (勇救两名落水儿童的英雄生命危急，但医生把他抢救过来了。) 这里bring someone through表示救了某人的命。bring to 动词+副词The captain wasn’t able to bring the freighter “Dongfeng” to before it hit the rock.（东风轮船长未能使船在触礁前停下。）这里bring to/up表示使船停下。东风号是大跃进中建造的新中国第一艘万吨货轮，1963年4月在首航驶往日本途中触礁沉没。bring to 动词+介词The university’s money troubles have been brought to the boil by the recent government cut.（政府拨款的削减使大学的财政达到崩溃的地步。）bring something to the boil表示使事态非常严重。Any person who hides the incidence of SARS will be brought to book.（不管什么人隐瞒了SARS疫情就要背书。）bring someone to account/book就是要求某人对其行为作出解释。也就是常说的写检查，背书。It’s not the enemy but the internal conflict which could bring the nation to the ground.（不是敌人而是窝里斗才能整垮这个民族。）bring something to the ground表示毁坏某事物。Matters have been brought to a hea tomorrow they will either succeed or fail.（谈判已经到了最关键时刻，明天不是成功就是失败。）bring something to a head表示事情到了必须作出决定的时刻。Anyone who refuses to follow discipline must be brought to heel before he does lasting damage.（必须让任何不守纪律的人都乖乖听话，以免造成更大危害。）bring someone to heel意思是使某人服从。把狗儿牵到脚后跟前，狗儿就是一付听话的样子。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十四）动词bring（续三），动词comebring to 动词+介词Hardliners in the US government thought Hamasi should be brought to their knees（美国政府中的强硬派认为应当彻底粉碎哈马斯。）bring someone to his knees表示彻底击败某人。形象一点说就是打得某人跪地求饶。All our efforts in the project preparation were brought to naught by the lack of money.（资金短缺使我们所有的工程准备工作都派不上用场了。）bring something to naught意思是使某事不成功。口语化说法就是使某事等于零。What has brought the Jianlibao soccer team to such a pass since Zhu Guanghu left? （什么原因使健力宝足球队在朱广沪离开后落到这般境地？）bring something to such a pass表示使某事物处于很糟糕的状态。朱广沪是健力宝队过去的主教练。他离队后健力宝从联赛冠军跌落到保级区。bring up 动词+副词The children were brought up to respect traffic regulations.（从小教育孩子们遵守交通规则。）这里bring someone up表示养育、教育某人。The child has been bringing up all morning.（小孩一上午都在呕吐。）这里bring up表示呕吐。Ouyang Hai was praised for courageously bringing up the runaway horse.（欧阳海奋身拦惊马的事迹为人们所赞颂。）这里bring up表示使某人或某物突然停下，或使某人停止说话。欧阳海是人民解放军战士，1963年11月为阻止军马撞上旅客列车而英勇牺牲。The director brought up the stand-in for Chow Yun-fat for being wrong again.（周润发的替身演员又出错了，导演训了他一顿。）这里bring someone up表示斥责某人。We need to bring up more tanks.（我们需要调更多坦克到前线。）这里bring up表示将士兵或武器调往前线。The missile array brought up the rear in the parade.（阅兵式以导弹方阵结束。）bring up the rear表示是序列的最后部分。Experiences of working in the slums brought Yunus up against the realities of poverty.（贫民区的工作经历使尤纳斯正视贫困的现实。）这里bring someone up against something 表示使某人面对某事。穆罕默德·尤纳斯（Muhammad Yunus）是孟加拉国银行家，2006年诺贝尔和平奖得主，长期致力于帮助穷人。I want to spend this weekend bringing my paper up to date.（我想利用这个周末来完善我的文章。）bring something up to date表示更新某事物，使其跟上时代，或使其符合当前条件。You’d better bring your English up to scratch before you take TOFEL test.（考托福前最好把你的英语提高到应有水平。）bring something up to scratch/standard/the mark意思是使事物达到预期标准。come about 动词+副词Peace can only come about if each side agrees to yield to the other.（只有各方相互让步才能得到和平。）这里come about表示出现，发生。It was too stormy to continue the voyage, so the steamer came about and headed for the shore. （风浪太大不能继续航行，轮船掉头向岸边驶去。）这里come about/around/round表示船只，风暴等转向相反方向。come across 动词+副词Did their favorite son’s speech come across? （听众认可他们的候选人的讲话吗？）这里come across/over表示能被理解接受。美国总统预选中，各州的选民通常偏爱本州的候选人，所以他是他们的宠儿（favorite son）。句子中的问话人显然属于来自其他州的竞选阵营。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十五）动词come（续一）come across 动词+副词The girl student comes across well in the interview.（女大学生在面试中给人印象很好。）这里come across表示使人产生某种印象。但有时未必是真相，如下句A silent person generally comes across as being very sincere.（沉默的人通常看起来很真诚。）That mad gambler owes me 500 yuan，but I doubt if he’ll ever come across.（那赌鬼欠我五百元，我怀疑他能否还我。）这里come across表示交给，给予。come across 动词+介词I came across this old photograph in the back of the drawer.（我在抽屉后面翻出了这张老照片。）这里come across/on/upon表示偶然找到什么东西，或偶然碰见什么人。come after 动词+介词I saw a big German shepherd coming after me. （我看见一条大德国狼狗在追我。）这里come after表示追逐并准备攻击。come again 动词+副词Come again, I didn’t hear what you said.（再说一遍，我没听清你说什么。）这里come again是要求对方重复所说的话。come along 动词+副词How is your work coming along? （你的工作进展如何？）这里come along/on表示工作进展，情况改善，生长发育等。Come along, boys, you can do better than that.（孩子们加油，你们可以干得更好。）这里come along/on是鼓励别人努力时口头语，比如要别人干好工作、奋力前进等等。使用祈使句。Oh, come along! We’ve had too many cock and bull stories these days.（编，继续编！我们听到的天方夜谈太多了。）这里come along/on是表示不相信对方所说时的口头语，认为对方是在瞎编。使用祈使句。用本山大叔的家乡话来说就是：忽悠，接着忽悠！我们听到的瞎话还少啊！大公牛和大公鸡是很多童话故事的主角，所以它们的故事就是童话式的天方夜谈。come apart 动词+副词I’m rather wor he’s been coming apart at the seams recently.（我有点担心我的朋友，他最近精神状态不好。）come apart at the seams表示事情不成功或精神状态不好。come around 动词+副词Why don’t you come around and see us one evening? （哪天晚上来我家坐坐！）这里come around/round/over表示访问某人或某处。一般是在同一城市内。Birthdays come around too quickly when one is getting old.（人年纪大了后生日一年比一年来得快。）这里come around/round表示有规律地发生。Don’t worr he’ll soon come around to our opinion.（不必担心主席，他很快会转到我们这边。）这里come around/round /over表示改变观点。Princess Amneris fainted when the dungeon entrance was blocked up, and people thought she’d never come around.（地牢入口被堵上时阿姆尼丽丝公主晕过去了，人们相信她不会苏醒了。）这里come around/round/to表示恢复知觉。在意大利作曲家威尔弟（Giuseppe Verdi）的著名歌剧阿衣达（Aida ）中，埃及青年大将拉达梅斯（Radames）深爱被掳为奴的埃塞俄比亚公主阿衣达，不小心泄露军情，与阿衣达一起被活埋在地牢中。地牢外，暗恋拉达梅斯的埃及公主阿姆尼丽丝悲痛欲绝。Father and mother often argue, but it doesn’t take them long to come around.（爸爸妈妈经常拌嘴，但过不了多久就和好了。）这里come around/round/to表示平息争吵，和好如初。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十六）动词come（续二）come at 动词+介词I wanted to reply to your letter, but I can’t come at it anywhere.（我想回复你的信，但哪里也找不着了。）这里come at something表示找到什么东西。也可以表示发现什么，得到什么。如It is always difficult to come at the truth.（得到真相往往很困难。）The shrew came at her husband with a rolling-pin.（母老虎用擀面杖打她老公。）这里come at someone表示攻击某人。come away 动词+副词Come away! The door’s open! （进来吧，门是开着的！）苏格兰英语中come away就是进入房间。come back 动词+副词Is Wang Fei expected to come back? （王菲会复出吗？）这里come back表示隐退后又开始演出。Long skirts are starting to come back.（长裙又开始流行了。）这里come back表示重新流行，时髦。I didn’t hear you, could you come back? （我没听清，请再说一遍。）这里come back表示重复所说的话。The soprano sang beautifully, her name will come back to me soon.（女高音歌手歌声很美妙，我很快会想起她的名字。）这里come back to someone表示回到某人的记忆中。Can I come back to you on the project tomorrow? （我明天再和你谈工程的事，可以吗？）这里come back to someone表示过一段时间再与某人商谈。Our Tokyo correspondent came back at the chief cabinet secretary with some sharp questions.（我们驻东京记者用一些尖锐的问题反驳了内阁官房长官。）这里come back at someone表示答复或反驳某人。come before 动词+介词Your application came before the board of directors yesterday, but I haven’t heard the result.（你的申请昨天已提交董事会讨论，但我还不知道结果。）这里come before表示交给有关人员考虑或批准。come between 动词+介词It’s dangerous to come between two fighting bulls.（拉开两只斗牛非常危险。）这里come between表示制止两只动物如牛，狗之类的争斗；也可表示干预另外两人之间的事务。Qian Zhongshu, a true scholar, never lets anything come between himself and his work.（作为一个真正的学者什么事也不能阻碍钱锺书全身心投入创作。）这里come between someone and something表示妨碍某人做什么事。有人认为钱锺书的名著“围城”是中国现代文学史上第二本最有趣的书，而且到目前为止还找不到第一本。come by 动词+副词Why don’t you come by some afternoon and have tea with me? （哪天下午来喝杯茶怎么样？）在美国英语中come by意思是作非正式访问，串串门。come by 动词+介词How did you come by that beautiful picture? （你怎样搞到那张画的？）这里come by表示通过努力得到某种东西。有时也表示某种意外，如How did you come by that wound on your arm? （你手臂上的伤口怎么搞的？）come clean 动词+形容词The prisoner came clean and admitted to stealing two Picasso paintings from the museum.（犯人全盘招供，承认偷了博物馆的两幅毕加索名画。）这里come clean表示全盘招供，和盘托出。毕加索（Pablo Picasso ），西班牙画家，西方现代立体派绘画的创始人和主要代表。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十七）动词come（续三）come down动词+副词When did you come down from Oxford? （你什么时候从牛津毕业的？）这里come down表示从大学毕业，特别是像牛津，剑桥这样的名大学。Do you think Sir Run Run Shaw will come down again when our school needs more money? （我们学校再要钱时邵逸夫先生会给吗？）这里come down表示出钱，多数情况下是表示送钱。邵逸夫先生曾获英国女皇颁发的爵士勋位（Knight Bachelor），所以在他的名字前冠以Sir。他曾经出资捐助过国内多所大、中学校。Shylock came down on Antonio for the pound of flesh. (夏洛克坚决要安东尼奥按约定割一磅肉。)这里come down on someone表示坚持要某人做什么事。在莎士比亚名剧“威尼斯商人”（The merchant of Venice）中安东尼奥为帮助好友巴撒尼奥（Bassanio）向波西亚（Portia）求婚，向高利贷者夏洛克借三千金币，夏洛克为达到除掉安东尼奥的目的规定安东尼奥过期还不出钱就要割下身上的一磅肉来还。现在英语中pound of flesh用来表示那些合法不合理的要求。The court will come down heavily on hardened criminals.（法院将严惩惯犯。）这里come down on someone表示惩治某人，轻一点也可表示申斥某人。The enemy came down on the town during the night.（敌人晚上攻击了这座市镇。）这里come down on something表示攻击某物。也可以直接使用come on/upon something。The chairman will have to come down on one side or the other soon.（主席不得不很快决定支持哪一方。）这里come down on something表示决定支持某观点。When we come down to details, the plan seems possible.（谈到细节此方案看来可行。）这里come down to 表示涉及到某事物。也可直接使用come to。The whole matter comes down to a power struggle between President Musharraf and Benazir Bhutto.（整个事件就是穆沙拉夫总统和贝·布托之间的权力斗争。）这里come down to意思是归结为什么东西，说穿了是怎么回事。也可直接使用come to。The former world weightlifting champion came down to picking odds and ends from refuse heaps.（前举重世界冠军沦落到捡破烂的地步。）这里come down to表示为生活所迫做些低贱的事。All this talk about ideas is getting us nowhere, let’s come down to brass tacks.（争论些概念毫无用处，还是研究具体情况吧。）come/get down to brass tacks意思是考虑事物的基本情况或细节。I’m glad you have come down to earth and stopped dreaming of getting a windfall.（我很高兴你正视现实不再做梦发横财了。）come down to earth表示回归现实。Windfall意思是吹落的果实，引申为意外之财。come for 动词+介词I saw the robber coming for me.（我看见那劫匪向我进逼。）这里come for someone是带威胁性地向某人靠近。come forward动词+副词The police have asked witnesses of the accident to come forward.（警方要求事故目击者站出来予以协助。）这里come forward表示挺身而出，给以帮助。come home 动词+副词At last the real difficulty has come home to me.（最终我了解了实际的困难。）这里come home to someone表示某事物为某人所全面了解。come in动词+副词This week came in very windy.（本周开始风很大。）这里come in表示天气或时间的开始。If your party comes in at the next election, what will you do about taxes?（如果你们党下次当选，如何处理税收问题？）这里come in表示当选。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十八）动词come（续四）come in动词+副词Long hair for men is coming in these days.（现在男士长发很流行。）这里come in表示流行，时髦。Strawberries will be coming in soon.（草莓很快就要上市了。）这里come in表示农作物、水果等当季，上市。Number three well came in last night.（三号油井昨晚开始产油。）这里come in表示开始生产。Which horse came in first? （哪匹马跑第一？）这里come in表示赛跑中取得名次。This
we want you to help us get a bank loan. （你的任务就是协助获取银行贷款。）这里come in 表示参与某事，在某事中起作用。可以用介词on指明参与的事情，如Can I come in on your plan? （我能参与你的计划吗？）I heard you talking about sharing out the money, but where do I come in?（听说你要分这笔钱，我有什么好处？）这里come in表示从某事中得益。如果不说where do I come in，而用how much can I get，那就显得太直白了。President Bush’s Iraq policies have come in for much criticism in the newspapers.（布什总统的伊拉克政策遭到报纸广泛抨击。）这里come in for 表示引起关注，受到批评或表扬。I don’t like a garden party with crowds of people coming in on me.（我不喜欢很多人在身边挤来挤去的游园会。）这里come in on someone表示围在某人身边使人感到不快。Suddenly it came in on me that I had left the key behind.（我突然想起把钥匙拉下了。）这里come in on someone表示使某人想起某事。Don’t throw that empty box away, it might come in handy another time.（别把那个空盒子扔了，可能以后还会派上用场。）come in handy/useful表示有一定用处。When my ship comes in, I’ll send my children abroad.（我有钱了就把子女送到国外去。）when one’s ship comes in表示发财了，成为富人。如果不假思索地直译成“船来了就把子女送到国外去”，那就闹大笑话了。It’s often to one’s advantage to come in on the ground floor.（从基层做起对一个人是有好处的。）come/get in on the ground floor表示从基层或创业开始做某种工作，买新发行的股票等。come into动词+介词Athina came into a huge fortune when her mother died.（母亲死后雅典娜继承了一大笔遗产。）这里come into表示继承某事物。雅典娜是希腊船王奥纳西斯（Aristotle Onassis）的外孙女，她母亲克里斯蒂娜（Christina Onassis）1988年因心脏病去世时她才3岁，是当时世界上最富的小女孩。The trade bureau has asked all the shop owners to come into line with the price regulations.（工商局要求所有商家遵守价格限制。）come into line with something表示遵守某种规则。It’s a good thing that the mayor’s wrong doing has at last come into the open.（市长丑行终于暴光，这是好事。）come into the open意思是为公众所知道。The scientific study of dreams has not yet come into its own.（关于梦的科学研究还没有成气候。）come into one’s own意思是获得独立，得到承认。Who knows what factors come into play when these decisions are made?（谁知道作出这些决定后哪些因素会起作用。）come into play表示有影响，起作用。话说英语短语动词和惯用语（十九）动词come（续五）come it动词+代词Don’t try to come it! （不要摆架子！）这里come it意思是假装了不起，比别人重要。come next动词+副词The military government refused to allow the people what came next was violence and lawlessness.（军政府不允许人民选举，结果就是暴力和无法无天。）这里come next表示产生什么结果。come of动词+介词The chief engineer promised to help, but I don’t think anything will come of it, since he himself is to be sent to the turkey farm soon.（总工答应帮忙，但不会有任何结果，因为他自己可能很快就会没事干了。）come of something表示是某事产生的结果。turkey farm指单位上用来安排闲人的机构。而 come of someone 则表示对某人产生了什么结果。如I don’t know what will come of the boy if he keeps failing his exams.（如果那孩子一直不能通过考试，真不知结果会怎样。）Che comes of a rich family, yet he fights for the poor.（切出身富裕家庭但却为穷人而奋斗。）这里come of 表示出身于。切·格瓦拉（Che Guevara）是上世纪五、六十年代拉美传奇英雄。In China, a young person comes of age on his or her 18th birthday.（在中国年轻人18岁就算成年。）come of age表示达到法定年龄。come off动词+副词The open-air party came off in spite of the heavy rain.（露天聚会已冒雨进行。）这里come off表示按计划举行。而 the party was off 则表示聚会取消。“House of flying Daggers” didn’t come off as well as one had hoped.（“十面埋伏”不如预期成功。）这里come off表示某事物或活动成功，达到预期效果。若要表示不成功效果差，除了像例句中使用否定词not外，也可以在come off后跟其他的否定性副词或短语。如He always comes off badly in debates.（他在辩论中总是很糟糕。）come off动词+介词I’ve heard that ￥1000 per square meter is coming off the price of the house.（听说房价每平方米要降1000元。）这里come off 表示从某物的价格中减去。Come off it, tell the truth! （别胡扯，说真的！）这里come off it用于祈使句，要别人别撒谎或开玩笑。come on动词+副词I can feel a cold coming on.（我感到要感冒了。）这里come on表示某事开始。The night nurse doesn’t come on till midnight.（夜班护士要到午夜才上班。）这里come on指上班工作。come on动词+介词Fear came on the ghoul as he stood in the empty coffin chamber.（摸金校尉站在空空的墓室中，心中一阵发毛。）这里come on someone 表示某人发生了什么事情，或什么事情影响、控制了某人。Ghoul是阿拉伯传说中的盗墓食尸鬼，现在用来表示盗墓者和专干坏事的人，盗墓文学中的摸金校尉应属其列。Suddenly it came on me where I had seen her before.（我突然想起以前在哪里见过她。）这里come on/to someone表示回到某人的记忆中，即某人想起了什么。
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