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2010年高考英语试题分类汇编---阅读理解（一）
15:17:17&&
2010年高考英语试题分类汇编---阅读理解： When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, "Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on. "
B When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, &Be sure and take a typing course so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on. & Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, &the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course,& she recalls. The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her morn,& I don't know how to use a computer,& she admits. Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. &I felt there was a need for a book like this,& she says. & I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease. & But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow u p ---again---and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet. Although her disease has affected her eyesight and forced her to the sidelines of the dance floor, she refuses to fall into self-pity. &Everybody on earth can ask, 'why me?' about something or other,& she insists. &It doesn't do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be. & 61. Why did Mary feel regretful? A. She didn't achieve her ambition. B. She didn't take care of her mother. C. She didn't complete her high school. D. She didn't follow her mother's advice. 62, We can know that before 1995 Mary A. had two books published B. received many career awards C. knew how to use a computer D. supported the JDRF by writing 63. Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her . A. living with diabetes B. successful show business C. service for an organization D. remembrance of her mother 64. When Mary received the life-changing news, she . A. lost control of herself B. began a balanced diet C. Med to get a treatment D. behaved in an adult way 65. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Mary feels pity for herself. B. Mary has recovered from her disease. C. Mary wants to help others as much as possible. D. Mary determines to go back to the dance floor. 【语篇解读】本文为人物介绍说明文。主要介绍了玛丽&摩尔的职业生涯及抗病之争。 61. 答案D 考点：：细节理解题。 解析：根据第二段&Only recently，when she began to write Growing Up Again，did she regret ignoring her mom，&I don?t know how to use a computer,&she admits. &可判断选D项。 62. 答案B 考点：：细节理解题。 解析：根据第二段&The show business thing worked out，of course. In her career，Mary won many awards. &可判断选B项。 63. 答案A 考点：：细节理解题。 解析：根据第三段&her second book is less about life as an award?winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). &可判断选A项。 64. 答案A 考点：：细节理解题。 解析：根据第四段&In a childlike act，she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up?again&and take control of her diabetes，not let it control her. &可判断选A项。 65. 答案C 考点：：推理判断题。 解析：根据最后一段中的Mary Moore 所说的话&I?ve come to realize the importance of that as I?ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be. &可推断她想尽可能地去帮助他人，故选C项。 C People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions & and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. &We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,& Jack said. &Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. & According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. &The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,& Jack said. &Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. & In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation. 66. The discovery shows that Westerners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions 67. What were the people asked to do in the study? A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers' faces. 68. What does the underlined word &they& in Paragraph 6 refer to? A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study. C. The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. 69. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to . A. do translation more successfully B. study the mouth more frequently C. examine the eyes more attentively D. read facial expressions more correctly 70. What can be the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding 【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。 66. 答案：A 考点：：细节理解题 解析：根据第三段 &Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. & 可以得出答案 67. 答案：C 考点：：细节理解题 解析：根据第五段 &&by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. &可以判断选C 68. 答案：A 考点：：词义猜测 解析：根据定语从句 &that they show&所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people&可知）可判断选A 69. 答案：C 考点：：细节理解题 解析：根据第六段 &It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. &可判断选C 70. 答案：B 考点：：主旨大意题 解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B
（10上海） (A) The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. That didn't stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess. Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up -- how to catch wild elephants. Parbati hasn't always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old fife. &Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase,& she says. But Parbati doesn't catch elephants just for fun. &My work,& she says, &is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man. & And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill. The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. &Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans,& she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed! 65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to . A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame 66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school, . A. she spent her time hunting with her father B. she learned how to sing love songs C. she had already been called an elephant princess D. she was taught how to hunt tigers 67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because __________. A. they are caught and sent for heavy work B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them C. they are attacked and their land gets limited D. dogs often bark at them and chase them 68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India _________. A. people easily fall victim to elephants' attacks B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse C. elephant tamers are in short supply D. dogs are as powerful as elephants 65. B. 本题为归纳概括题。通读全文可知Parbati主要是为了保障大象与人之间的安全而驯象的。 66. A. 通读文章后可知她从小与父亲一起在丛林中度过了她的童年，之后才去寄宿学校的。 67. C. 可从文章第四段直接得出答案。 68. B. 逻辑推理题。
C Kong Zi , also called Confucius (551-479 B. C) , and Socrates (469-399 B. C) lived only a hundred years apart , and during their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas , and how these ideas in turn ,shaped their societies. Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars un Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rules how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went out to government service. Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:& Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. & He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some bad more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes. For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of the society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations. Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes. 64. Which of the following is TURE according to the first paragraph? A. Socrates and Confucius had much in common, B. Confucius had much influence on Socrates& ideas. C. The societies ware influenced by the philosophers& ideas. D. There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. 答案：C 考点：：细节理解。 题目: 从第一段中得出以下哪一个是正确的？ A: 孔子和苏格拉底有很多共同之处 B: 孔子对于苏格拉底的观念起了很大影响 C: 社会被哲学家的观念所影响 D:在中国和希腊之间有文化交流 解析： 从文中第一段最后一句的后半句得出答案。文中说到两位哲学家孔子和苏格拉底，世界影响了他们哲学观念的塑造，同样他们的观念也影响了他们的社会。C选项最符合文意，ABC选项原文均未提及。 65. Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that . A. all men were equal when they were born B. the lower classed should be ruled by the upper class C. the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom D. people should not ask others to do what they did not want to 答案：B 考点：：细节理解 题目: 苏格拉斯与孔子一致的观念是？ A: 众生平等 B:下层阶级应该被上层阶级管理 C: 人的目标就是追求自由和智慧 D: 己所不欲，勿施于人 解析： 第三段最后一句得出答案。ABC选项均是在陈述孔子的观点，只有B选项是在说苏格拉底的哲学理念。像孔夫子一样，苏格拉底相信上层阶级应该统治下层阶级。 66. What made some people different from others according to Confucius? A. Family. B. Potential. C. Knowledge. D. Community. 答案：C 考点：：细节理解 题目: 根据孔子所述，什么使众生彼此不相同？ A:家庭 B: 潜能 C: 知识 D: 社团 解析：从文中第三段第二句得出答案。孔子认为人出生时都是平等的，虽然有些人有过人的潜能，是知识使人与人之间不相同。 67. This passage is organized in the pattern of , A. time and events B. comparison and contrast C. cause and effect D. definition and classification 答案：B 考点：：篇章结构理解题 题目: 文章是以什么结构组织展开？ A: 时间和事件 B: 比较和对照 C: 起因和结果 D: 定义和分类 解析：本篇文章通篇采用对比的手法，将孔子和苏格拉底在哲学观念上的相同以及不同之处进行比较论述。故选择B选项。
D Modern inventions have speeded up people&s loves amazingly. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, aircraft cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boats (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks. All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jet- our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, accordi too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains, a consequence we do not like to think about. However, what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. There was a time when some people&s lives were devoted simply to the cultivation of the land or the care of cattle. No multi- their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might envy about a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they farmed with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern machinery has freed people from that primitive existence. 68. The new products become more and more time-saving because . A. our love of speed seems never-ending B. time is limited. C. the prices are increasingly high. D. the manufactures boast a lot. 答案：A 题目: 新发明变得越来越省时, 是因为？ A. 我们对速度的热爱从未停止。 可回原文定位never-ending（因为有连词符号）。原文第一段说到Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. 事实上, 我们对速度的热爱从未停止。A选项是对原文的同意改写。 B. 时间有限。原文未提及。 C. 价格日渐攀升。原文未提及价格因素。 D. 生产商大肆吹嘘。回原文定位Boast(因为有中文注释). 第一段最后一句说Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boats (吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks. 解析：每年都有更高速的新车出产, 而且新电脑也吹嘘能节省宝贵的每一秒钟。可见, 题目和选项矛盾。越来越省时是事实, 不是因为吹嘘而变得省时了。 69. What does &the days& in Paragraph 3 refer to ? A. Imaginary life B. Simple life in the past. C. Times of inventions D. Time for constant activity. 答案：B 题目: 第三段的&the days&指的是什么？ A: 想象的生活 B: 过去的简单生活 C: 发明的时间 D: 连续活动的时间 解析： 回原文定位第三段该句Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world. 也许, 我们静静聆听广播里的故事节目, 任想象插上翅膀肆意翱翔的日子, 已经一去不返了。根据前后一句可得知, 文章重点是说的高速生活和简单生活的对比。故:B选项是对原文的正确解读。而A选项的理解有偏差, 重点转移了。 70. What is the author&s attitude towards the modern technology? A. Critical B. Objective. C. Optimistic. D. Negative. 答案：B 题目: 作者对现代科技的态度是？ A: 批判的 B: 客观的 C: 乐观的 D: 消极的 解析： 根据文章结构, 第一段陈述事实, 说现代高科技省时省力。第二段说高速生活的弊端。第三段说对简单生活的向往, 但最后第四段却说高科技对现代生活的积极影响。所以, 作者的观点是不偏不倚的。 71. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The present and past times. B. Machinery and human beings. C. Imaginations and inventions. D. Modern technology and its influence. 答案：D 题目: 这篇文章主要说的是什么？ A: 过去与现在 B: 机器和人类 C: 想象力和创造力 D: 现代科技和它的影响 解析： 根据文章首尾段的大意可知, 文章重在分析高科技的利与弊。
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