现在分词是怎么写的_百度知道
现在分词是怎么写的
提问者采纳
般的直接在动词后面加ing就可以了，如put，现在分词形式就是putting，这些特殊的必须记牢，但有特殊的是双写最后一个字母再加ing
其他类似问题
现在分词的相关知识
其他2条回答
see→seeing 看见
agree→agreeing 同意
(3) 以重读闭音节或 r 音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词：
work→working 工作
sleep→sleeping 睡
wait→waiting 等待
study→studying 学习
read→reading 读
talk→talking 谈话
(2) 以不发音的e结尾的动词去掉e 后再加 -ing，再加 - controlling，则必须双写l再加-ing；但若末尾一个音节为非重读音节：
sit→sitting 坐
plan→planning 计划
prefer→preferring 宁愿
(4) 以字母 ie 结尾的动词，在动词后加 -ing 构成、动词变过去式和过去分词等都有“改y规则”(1) 一般情况下，如control &#47，如travel &#47，若是发音的 e 结尾，但动词的现在分词没有“改y规则”，若末尾一个音节为重读音节，则不能去 travel(l)ing：
smile→smiling 微笑
move→moving移动
write→writing 写
但是，则可双写l(英国英语)或不双写l(美国英语)，要双写末尾的辅音字母再加 -ing、形容词和副词变比较级和最高级。
② 名词变复数：
die→dying 死
lie→lying 躺
① 以字母l结尾的动词，通常将 ie 改为 y
参考资料：
自己写的，没有参考资料。记得要加分啊！！！！
一般是加ing，特殊形式有些去e加ing，如skate,变为skating；有些末尾双写加ing，如swim,变为swimming.
等待您来回答
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出门在外也不愁动名词、现在分词、不定式的解析
动名词（gerund）和现在分词（present
participle）的区别
所谓动名词(gerund)就是名词,只是保有一些动词的功能.所以它在句中可以作主语,宾语,表语,同位语,定语等那些名词可以充当的成分.
而现在分词(present participle)相当于形容词,在句中作定语或者状语
所以当-ing形式出现在句中作主语,宾语,同位语时,它肯定时gerund.
& & 当-ing形式出现在句中作状语时,它肯定是present
participle.
它们有可能被弄错的是作表语和定语时.其实也很好区分
1. 作表语: 我们知道, 名词和形容词都可以作表语.
& & This is water(n.).
& & It is transparent(adj).
这时你肯定能明白,如果-ing作表语相当于n.它就是gerund.
反之相当于adj.时它就是present.participle.
& & The situation both at home
and abroad is very inspiring.
& & One of the best exercises is
2. 作定语时的区别我在回答中已经解释了.
动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系.
& & a sleeping bag.(用途)=a bag for
& & a sleeping child
& &= a child is sleeping
(child是sleep的主语,sleep是child发出的动作)
& (呵呵下面再请你告诉我它们分别是什么吧!
& & a swimming girl
& & a swimming pool
3. 最后来解释修饰他们到底该用是adv, 还是adj.
& &无论是Present participle.
还是gerund,
它们都叫做动词的-ing形式(所以若有人分不清它们时,多把它们混为一谈).也就是说它们都有动词的特点,故而都可用adv修饰.
& & eg: Reading a novel intently,
I didn’t realize he came in. (reading, 现分作状语, 用adv
intently修饰)
& & eg: My dream is speaking
English perfectly. (speaking动名词,副词perfectly修饰.)
但gerund不仅有动词的特点,它也有名词的特点,这就决定了它也可以像名词一样用物主代词,形容词来修饰.
& & Would you mind my(物主代词)
sitting here?
& & The mellow(愉快的, 形容词) singing
of the birds announces the coming of
spring.在英语教学过程中，不少学生会混淆动名词与现在分词。在遇到动词的-ing形式时，他们比较难区分到底什么时候动词的-ing形式是动名词，什么时候是现在分词。为了区分这两者，首先，我们要从概念上认识它们。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。
一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。
1．动名词用作主语（例句中，斜体部分为主语。）
Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。
Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。
2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面（例句中，斜体部分为主语。）。
It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。
It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。
It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。
It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。
3．“There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语
There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。
There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。
二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时，其为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。
1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语
I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。
So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？
He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。
I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。
2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语
He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。
Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。
三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时，其为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。
现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.
我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间）
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因）
A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would
be unable to see the crater walls.
一个人如站在更广阔的火山口的中间，就会看不到火山口壁。（表条件）
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管他们了解这一切，还是要我赔偿损失。（表让步）
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting
那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了。（表结果）
He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着。（表方式或伴随情况）
四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing为名词时，动词的-ing为动名词。动词的-ing为形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。
1．动名词用作表语
Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。
Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。
The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。
2．现在分词用作表语
The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。
This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。
The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。
The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。
五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语
现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，也可以说，现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。
1．动名词作定语，动名词表性质或用途或功能。
swimming pool&
游泳池&&& drinking
water& 饮用水
swimming suit&
游泳衣&&&&
waiting room& 候车室
sleeping bag&
睡袋&&&&&&&&
parking lot& 停车场
sleeping pill&
安眠药&&&&&&
parking meter& 停车计时
writing desk&
写字桌&&&&&&
sewing machine& 缝纫机
writing paper&
信纸&&&&&&&
operating table& 手术室
diving suit&
潜水衣&&&&&&&&
reading room& 阅览室
diving board&
跳板&&&&&&&&
threshing ground& 打谷场
washing machine&
洗衣机&& boxing
competition& 拳击比赛
washing powder&
洗衣粉&&& speaking
contest& 演讲比赛
drawing board&
绘图板&&&&&
checking account& 活期账户
drawing pin&
图钉&&&&&&&&&
banking system& 银行系统
fishing pole&
钓鱼杆&&&&&&&
fishing line& 钓鱼线2．现在分词作定语
dwindling profits& 日益减少的利润&
a booming town& 日渐繁荣的城镇
growing doubts& 越来越大的怀疑&
increasing demand& 日益增长的需求
the existing condition&
diminishing returns& 日益减少的效益
the remaining days& 剩下的岁月&
the prevailing fashion& 盛行的时装
a shining example& 光辉的榜样&
lasting peace& 持久的和平
a falling star&
the leading newspapers& 主要报纸
developing countries&
发展中国家&
the ruling class& 统治阶级
living things& 有生命的东西&
the ageing population& 日益老化的人口
the rising generation&
在成长的一代&
a resounding victory& 辉煌的胜利
六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语，但现在分词用作宾语补语时，与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。
具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词，如：smell, observe, watch, notice, look at,
listen to 等。另外，有些使役动词如have, set, get, catch, keep,
leave等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有，作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有as，前面的动词多用regard,
consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of
等。现在分词用作主语补语，多用在被动结构中，与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。
1．动名词用作补语
I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.
我管这叫做拆东墙补西墙。（robbing是宾语补语）
This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。（turning
是主语补语）
2．现在分词用作补语
We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。
They described the young man as having initiative and
drive.他们说这青年积极肯干。
He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。
以上，我们从动词的-ing形式在句子成分中所起的作用：作主语、作宾语、作状语、作表语、作定语、作补语，区分动名词与现在分词。希望此分析对英语学习者有一定的帮助。
英语中，非限定动词也叫非谓语动词，也就是不定式、分词和动名词。顾名思义，不定式、分词和动名词在英语句子中是不能做作谓语的。
非谓语动词虽然不能在句子中作谓语，但由于它们本身具有动词的一些特征，它们在句子中的运用是非常活跃的。他们之间的用法既有共同点，又有一定的区别，是历年高考必考的语法项目，例如NMET2005年单项填空题（全国卷）中就有这样一题：
32，The storm left, ________ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused C. to caused D. having caused
根据题意，本题应选D------分词作状语，表示结果。
如何正确地运用好非谓语动词，是许多学生普遍感到棘手的问题，本文将就不定式、分词和动名词的词性特征和句法功能等方面进行比较，帮助学生正确地运用好非谓语动词。
一、 基本形式
a.不定式的基本形式是“小品词to﹢动词原形” 即to﹢v. ；但有时也可省去to, 即：(to) ﹢v. 。
b.分词有两种基本形式：现在分词(the present participle)和过去分词(the past
participle)。
①现在分词的基本形式是动词的—ing形式，如，writing, doing ,working ,going, etc.
②过去分词的基本形式是：a) 规则动词﹢ed, 即v.-ed, 如，visit→visited ,ask→asked
,dig→digged , b)
不规则动词有其自身的过去式和过去分词，学生需要用心熟记，方能正确使用。如，go→went→ do→did→done, etc
c． 动名词的基本形式与现在分词的基本形式相同，都是动词的—ing 形式，如，doing ,writing ,doing ,etc
二、 时态、语态及其基本用法
1．不定式的时态、语态有三种形式：①一般式，如，to write /②进行式，如，to be
writing / ③完成式，如，to have written / to have
been written 。
2．基本用法
①不定式的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时也发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如：
He seems to know this.(=It seems that he knows this.)
I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I’ll see you again.)
He doesn’t like to be laughed at. (=He doesn’t like that he is
being laughed at.)
②不定式的进行式，表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：
When the mother went into the room, the boy pretended to be
sleeping. (=… , the boy pretended that he was sleeping .)
I heard the English song being sung by him. (=I heard that the
English song was being sung by him.)
③．不定式的完成式，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. (= I am sorry that I
kept you waiting so long. )
Having been well written, the book was translated into many
languages. (=Because it had been well written, …)
1.只有现在分词才有时态和语态形式的变化。现在分词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，doing / being
②完成式，如，having done / having been done 。
2.基本用法
①现在分词的一般式，表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。如：
The boys and girls went to school, singing and dancing all along
They all jumped with joy ,hearing the good news.
The girl could not help crying ,being criticized in the
②现在分词的完成式，表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已发生，常用作时间状语或原因状语。如：
Having done the work very well ,he was praised by the
Having been shot by a bullet, the man fell down dead.
C． 动名词
1.动名词的时态、语态有两种形式：①一般式，如，writing / ②完成式，如，having
written / having been written 。
2.基本用法
①动名词的一般式不表示动作正在进行，但作具有状语性质的宾语时，动名词一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如：
The teacher is busy collecting the students’ exam papers.
②动名词的完成式在作具有状语性质的宾语时，表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前已发生。如：
He was praised by the teacher for having done the work
wonderfully.
He felt so sorry for not having been given the chance to work in
the company.
三、不定式、分词、动名词的词性特征和句法功能
1．不定式既有动词的一些特征，又具有名词、形容词、和副词的句法功能，因此，不定式在句中作：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、独立成分。
2．分词即具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，因此，不定式在句中作：表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、独立成分。
3．动名词，顾名思义，既有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能，因此，动名词在句中作：主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语。
四、不定式、分词、动名词句法功能用法的比较
1. 从上面不定式、分词、动名词的词性特征和句法功能中，我们不难看出它们在句子中的作用既有较多的共性，又有稍微的差异：
a.相同的句法功能：①不定式、分词都能作：表语、定语 、宾语补足语、状语、独立成分；②不定式、动名词都能作：主语、表语、宾语
；③不定式、分词、动名词都能作：表语、定语。
b.不同的句法功能：不定式可作：同位语。如：
That was her desire, to go to America for further study after
finishing middle school.
2.正确运用好不定式、分词、动名词
⑴．不定式、分词、动名词作表语时的比较。请看例句：
①My job is to teach the students English.
②My job is teaching the students English.
③My job is interesting.
④I am interested in English.
辨析：A. ①不定式与动名词作表语一般可以互换使用，在意义上没有多大差别，且其形式差异较大，很容易把握,
如上面例句的①②；②现在分词和动名词同形，在作表语时，学生不易识别。分辨方法有三：a）分词作表语说明主语的性质特征，回答how的问题；不定式和动名词作表语则说明主语的内容，回答what
或 doing what 问题, 如： My job is interesting.(=How is my job?) ; My
job is teaching ( to teach ) the students English. (=What is my
b）动名词具有名词的句法功能，也能做主语，我们不妨把句中的表语转换成主语，如果句子成立，则是动名词作表语，否则是现在分词作表语。如：My
job is teaching the students English→Teaching the students English
is my job.显然句子是成立的，原句中的teaching是动名词；
c）分词具有形容词的句法功能，那么，我们可以在作表语的分词前加very(extremely ,fairly )
等副词，如果句子成立，则动词—ing 形式作表语的是现在分词。如上面例句：My job is interesting. 可改为：My
job is very interesting. 显然句子是成立的，句中的interesting 是现在分词。
B．确定用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语的方法有：现在分词作表语多表示主语所具有的某种特征；过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。情感动词的v.-ing
形式表示具有某种特征；情感动词的v.-ed形式多表示引起某种情感。一般地说，事物具有某种特征，而人才具有某种情感，因此，分词作表语的句式可归纳为：a）
Sb.﹢be ﹢v- b） Sth. ﹢be﹢v-ing.
如：a. I b. The news is very exciting.
但有一个词例外，那就是missing 。例如“那个男孩不见了”，我们不能说“The boy is missed .”，而是 “The
boy is missing.”
⑵．不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较
A．作前置定语
现在分词、过去分词、动名词 可以作前置定语，而不定式不能作前置定语。如：
① a developing country ,
boiling water，boiled
②building materials , the sleeping boy ,
the coming new year 。
辨异的方法很简单：①现在分词具有主动、进行的特点，而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如，a developing country=a
country which is developing (发展中国家 )； boiling water=water which is
boiling(正在滚开的水 ) ; a developed country=a country which has
developed（发达国家 ）； boiled water=water which has been
boiled(已滚开过的水)。②现在分词和动名词同形，但作前置定语时，动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途，例如， .building
materials=ma a swimming pool=a pool for
swimming ；而现在分词作前置定语时，表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如，the sleeping
the coming new year=the new year that
is coming 。
B．作后置定语
不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语，而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句：　
① The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very
important.
② The problem discussed discussed at the meeting is very
important.
③ The problem being discussed at the meeting is very
important.
辨析：上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语，是因为它们存在不同的情况：不定式作定语，表示动作正要进行（未发生）；现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行（正在发生）；过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成（已发生）。据此，我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子，这样学生就更容易理解：
① The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.=The
problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very
important.
② The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The
problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very
important.
③ The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.=
The problem (which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very
important.
⑶．不定式、动名词做主语、宾语时的比较
例句： ①To read English aloud in the morning is very practical.
② Reading English aloud in the morning is very practical .
为了保持句子的平衡，可用it作形式主语，所以上面例句可写成为：
→It is practical to read English aloud in the morning .
→It is practical reading English aloud in the morning .
例句： ①He wanted to help him out with his English.
②He doesn’t like being laughed at.
③I enjoy singing English songs .
辨析：①一般说来，不定式与动名词做主语可以互换，其意义没有多大的差别，但认真分析起来，它们之间还是有一些差异的：
a )不定式做主语，一般表示的是具体的情况,而动名词做主语，一般表示一般性的情况。如：
It is no use to ask him. He knows nothing about this matter.
It is no use asking him. He is foolish.
b. 同样，不定式做宾语，一般表示的是具体的情况,而动名词作宾语，一般表示的是习惯性的动作。如：
I like to sing and dance right now .I feel so pleased to know that
our football team has won the match.
He has a good voice. He likes singing English songs.
②不定式作宾语时：
a) 通常用于及物动词want, hope, wish, need, promise, plan, pretend, prepare,
fail, determine等之后。如：I want to be proud of you.
Einstein once refused to speak on the radio for $1,000 a
b) 如果作宾语的不定式又有自己的补语，则须用先行词it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。如：
We think it necessary to study English well.
We feel our it our duty to help him.
c) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语，只有少数介词如，but, except等后面才行。此时不定式可以带to,如果介词but,
except等的前面有实义动词do, does或did时，不定式不带to. 如：
In very cold winter weather a cold blooded creature has no choice
but to lie down and sleep.
Yesterday afternoon he did nothing but lie in bed sleeping.
③有些及物动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，这样的及物动词不多，主要是：mind, admit, advise void, face,
enjoy, finish, excuse, imagine, escape, include, keep, pardon,
practice, risk, miss, stand(忍耐，忍受), deny, suggest, give up, put
off, can’t help(禁不住), set about, prevent, prevent sb. from, object
to（反对），insist on 等。如：
The boy insisted on going to Beijing with his father for a
The girl didn’t mind being left alone at home.
④有些及物动词的宾语可用不定式，也有可用动名词，可分两种情况：
a)意义基本一样，如like, love, hate, begin, start, continue, cease, attempt,
afford, prefer, delay, omit, neglect, propose, 等。如：
Marx started working(=to work) hard to improve his English.
The Einstein’s cold not afford to pay for ( =paying for) the
education that young Albert needed.
但是，如果begin与start本身为进行式时，后面要接不定式，不接动名词。如：
He is beginning to see his mistakes.
b)意义明显不同，主要有以下几个动词。
(a) remember(forget, regret )﹢to v. 表示不定式的动作尚未发生。
remember(forget, regret )﹢v.-ing 表示动名词的动作已发生。
Please remember to close the door when you leave.
I regret to tell you that he will not come to the party.
I remember meeting her somewhere before.
(b) mean﹢to v. 意为：打算……; 想要……; 有……的意图
mean ﹢v.-ing 意为：意味着……; 意思是 ……; 就是……
I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling.
Learning well English does not mean just working hard in a
(c) stop ﹢to v. 意为：停下来做谋事 。
stop ﹢v.-ing 意为； 停止做谋事 。
They stopped to talk .(= stopped what they were doing in order to
The students stopped talking when the teacher came into the
classroom..
(d) try ﹢to v. 意为： 设法…… ; 想法…… ; 试图……
try ﹢v.-ing 意为：试着…… ; 试试看
Ever since he came to this school, he tried to work hard at all his
subjects .
She tried reading, but that could not make her forget all her
(e) sth.want( need, require) ﹢to be v.-ed 意为： 需要…… ; 该……
sth.want( need, require) ﹢v.-ing 意为：需要…… ; 该……
(动名词的主动形式表示被动的含义)
My watch needed to be repaired.
The matter wants thinking over.(=to be thought over) .
Those young trees will require looking after(=to be looked after)
⑷不定式、现在分词、过去分作宾语补足语时的比较
A．不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾补是比较常用的句式，如：
He asked me to help him with his English.
The teacher encouraged us to make greater progress.
但用不定式作宾补要注意下面两种情况：
a)不定式在感觉性动词，如 see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, find
等动词和使役动词 make, let, have 之后作宾补时，不定式的小品词to应省去。如：
I saw him go upstairs this morning .
The teacher makes me write a composition a week.
但上面的句子在改为被动语太时，to 不能省去。如：
→ He was seen to go upstairs this morning.
→ We are made to write a composition a week by the teacher.
b)某些及物动词，如
agree,employ,lead,refuse,decide,promise,excuse,insist,prevent,suggest,
arrange等之后不能用不定式作其宾语补足语。例如句子“我爸爸希望我将来当工程师”如果译文是“ My farther hopes
me to be an engineer in the future.”,那么就错了。正确的译文应是：“ My farther
wishes (expects) me to be an engineer in the future.”；或“ My farther
hopes that I will be an engineer in the future.”
B．现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语
现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语也是比较常用的句式，如：
I heard him singing English songs.
His English was poor .He could hardly make himself
understood.
学习小结：不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补，正确使用它们的方法是：首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的宾语之间的关系，如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者，则用不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成，侧重工作的全过程，而现在分词表示动作正在进行；如果逻辑主语是它们动作的承受者，则应用过去分词作宾补。如：
I often heard him sing English songs.
I heard him singing English songs.
I often heard English songs sung by him.
⑸不定式、分词作状语时的比较
A.不定式可修饰动词和形容词，表示原因、目的和结果。
a)作修饰动词的原因状语。如：
The whole nation was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou
Enlai’s death.
He laughed to think of his stupid son.
b)作修饰动词的目的状语。如：
He went to buy an English dictionary in the bookstore.
不定式作目的状语如果放在句子之前，则更为正式一些，语气也较重。如：
To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil.
c)作修饰动词的结果状语。不定式做结果状语，表示一种没有预料到的情况或结果，须放在被修饰动词的后面，如：
He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital.
有时为了进一步加强预料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only, 如：
He went to see him only to find him out.
d) 作修饰表语形容词的状语。尤其要注意的是，此时作修饰表语形容词状语的不定式常用主动形式，表示被动的含义。如：
My chair is comfortable to sit on.
English is very difficult to learn well.
B．分词可作多种状语，用法比较活跃。
a)作时间状语（相当时间状语从句），如：
Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had
finished his homework, ．．．)
(When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is heated,
b)作原因状语（相当原因状语从句），如：
Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=As I am a Party
member, ．．．)
Greatly inspired by the teacher’s words, he made up his mind to
work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired by the
teacher’s words, ．．．)
c)作方式、伴随或附加说明状语，如：
Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised
himself completely.
He stood there waiting for a bus.
Here for the four very difficult years they worked every moment
that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and
calculating and thinking.
d)作条件状语（相当条件状语从句），如：
Given some more time, she will do work even better. (= If she is
given some more time, ．．．)
Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play
all day, ．．． )
e) 作结果状语，如：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.
有时在表示结果的现在分词之前还可加only,表示预料之中的情况，如：
He went to see him last night only finding him studying. He was
always working hard!
f) 作程度状语，如：
The wind rose and it became freezing cold.
g)作目的状语，如：
Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates.
h) 作让步状语（相当于让步状语从句），如：
Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the
thin ice.(=Though they were warned of the danger, ．．．)
要点提示：分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果分词表示的是主动、进行的动作，则用现在分词作状语；如果分词表示的是被动、完成的动作或状态，则用过去分词作状语，如：
Following the old man, he stepped into the room.
Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room.
Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works.
⑹ 不定式、现在分词作独立成分时的比较
A．不定式作独立成分，表示不定式独立于句子的其他成分，是英语表达的一种方式，不常用，如：
To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing.
To be honest, I don’t like being left alone at home.
B．现在分词作独立成分，用来表示说话人的态度或看问题的角度，如：
Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls.
Judging from his accent ,he must be an American.
如果你只想知道东名词和现在分词如何区分的话我给你一个例子 sleeping baby&
reading room 这里sleeping是现在分词，因为sleeping=baby is
sleeping,sleeping显然是个分词；而reading room不等同于room is
reading,所以reading是动名词
通过上面对不定式、分词和动名词的词性特征和句法功能等方面进行比较，相信你会有所进步的。
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