英语翻译How are you Did you enjoyed the Christmas May I know do you have enough currency at present Could you remitted the deposit for pending orders to us Thank you for your support in advance.Have a nice day._作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案
英语翻译How are you Did you enjoyed the Christmas May I know do you have enough currency at present Could you remitted the deposit for pending orders to us Thank you for your support in advance.Have a nice day.
英语翻译How are you Did you enjoyed the Christmas May I know do you have enough currency at present Could you remitted the deposit for pending orders to us Thank you for your support in advance.Have a nice day.
最近好么?这个圣诞过得怎么样?你能否告诉我目前你是否有宽裕的资金?能否给我们先汇来待办订单的账款?感谢你的预先帮助~请问“pending order and deposit silp,” deposit_作业帮
拍照搜题，秒出答案
请问“pending order and deposit silp,” deposit
请问“pending order and deposit silp,” deposit
纸片,单子...deposit slip存款单.依照你提供的句子分析,可能是印刷错误,silp应该是slip.Chapter five Letter of credit? ? ? ? 5.1 An Overview of L/C 5.2 Procedures of L/C 5.3 Types of credit 5.4 Key Issues under L/C5.1 An Overview of L/C ? ? ? ? 5.1.1 Definitio
n of L/C 5.1.2 Contents of a L/C 5.1.3 Characteristics of a L/C 5.1.4 Parties involved in a L/C5.1.1 Definition of a L/C?A L/c is a written undertaking by the issuing bank to the beneficiary, under which the bank will pay a sum certain in money to the beneficiary if the beneficiary of the L/C provides the bank with specified documents within a prescribed time period, which all comply with the terms and conditions of the credit.UCP600 Article 2 Definitioncredit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank to honor a complying presentation. Here “honor” means: a. to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b. to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c. to accept a bill of exchange drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.5.1.2 Contents of a L/C? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Items on the credit itself Basic parties Items on draft Settlement conditions兑付的方式 Items on goods, shipping documents , transport and insurance L/C amount and currency Additional conditions Reimbursement of the paying, accepting and negotiating bank The notation of the credit subject to UCP600?
The form of issuing a credit5.1.3 Characteristics of a L/C? Primary Liability of the Issuing Bank to Make Payment ? Separated from the Underlying Contracts ? Dealing with Documents Only ? High level of protection and security to both buyers and sellers ? Observing International Rules and Customs Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, ICC Publication 1929/74， 51/151，74/290， 93/500,
UCP600－主要修改内容1) Given 14 definitions at first and 12 interpretations to clarify the meaning of ambiguous terms, refer to Art 2 & 3. And we need pay attention to the change about ?negotiation?. 2)Agreed that the issuing bank must reimburse the nominated bank even though the documents are lost in the transmitting however, the presentation must be complying. 3) Denied the practice that banks stipulate the clause about which the amendment should be accepted by beneficiary who did not send any rejected advice in certain time, refer to sub-article 10 f.4) Five banking days replaced reasonable time and seven banking days, refer to sub-article 14 b. 5) Two kinds of form about refusing have been added in UCP600, refer to sub-article 16 c iii.UCP600－主要修改内容6) Banks can now accept an insurance document that contains reference to any exclusion clause, refer to sub-article 28 i. 7) The insurance document could be issued by proxies, refer subarticle 28 a. 8) The clause for transport documents issued by Freight Forwarders has been deleted. 9) The clause about carrying vessel propelled by sail only has been deleted since that kind of sailboat has dropped out of ocean transport. 10) The expression is straightaway, precise and compact, for example, the wording for ?unless the credit expressly stipulates…? is not used in UCP600.UCP600－主要修改内容11) Transpot docs: master?s name, issuance by charterer, refer to article 19-23. 12) Canceled the blocking frame about the form of clauses. 13)The number of the clauses has decreased to 39 from original 49. 14) Financing under deferred payment credit and acceptance credits, refer to article 12 b. 15) Added the acts of terrorism as a kind of Force Majeure, refer to Art 36. 16) Confirmed that the issuing bank may be a transferring bank, refer to sub-article 38 b.5.1.4 Parties to a L/C? 开证申请人（Applicant/buyer）?Liable for payment to the issuing bank provided no discrepancy between docu right to examine the document any requirement of the applicant should be satisfied by certain documents and clearly indicated when making credit application? ?? Issuing application form? 开证行（Issuing bank/the buyer’s bank） By issuing a credit the issuing bank undertakes full responsibility for payment ? If a nominated bank determines that a presentation is complying and forwards the documents to the issuing bank or confirming bank, whether or not the nominated bank has honoured or negotiated, an issuing bank or confirming bank must honour or negotiate, or reimburse that nominated bank, even when the documents have been lost in transit between the nominated bank and the issuing bank or confirming bank, or between the confirming bank and the issuing bank.(Art.35)受益人（Beneficiary/seller） The right to examine a credit upon receipt of it according t whether be paid or not solely depends on the fulfillment of terms and conditions of the credit.applicantapplication Sales contractbeneficiaryL/Cissuing bank通知行（Advising bank）Accurately transmit the terms of credit and check the apparent authenticity of the credit? Nominated bankNominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. Unless the credit stipulates that it is available only with the issuing bank, all credits must nominate the bank which is authorized to pay, to incur a deferred payment undertaking, to accept draft or to negotiate. In a freely negotiable credit, any bank can be seen as a nominated bank.?Undertake the same obligations assumed by the保兑行（Confirming bank） ?Responsible for a credit independently and pay without recourse议付行（Negotiating bank）?In a negotiation credit, purchases the drafts andClaim -ing bank ?When dishonored by the issuing bank, it has the right of recours ?Obtain the reimbursement from the issuing bank付款行（Paying/accepting bank）?Designated by issuing bank to effect payment oracceptance, in most cases to
?Once it has made payment to the beneficiary, it will lose the right of recours ?Entitled to obtain reimbursement from the issuing bank偿付行（Reimbursing bank）A bank named in credit from which the paying bank, accepting bank or negotiating bank may request cover after paying or negotiating the documents. the reimbursing bank shall not examine the documents5.2 Procedures of L/C1)contract Seller/ beneficiary Shipping 10)pick up company goods 5)examine and require an amendment Buyer/ applicant6)7)payment9)examine documents and ask the buyer to redeem2)application and cash deposits4)advise L/C 3)opens a L/CAdvising bank designated bank8)Forwards documents and claiming reimbursementIssuing bank? Step 1: A buyer and a seller enter into a sales contract providing payment by a documentary credit ? Step 2: The buyer instructs the issuing bank to issue a documentary credit in favor of the seller ? Step 3: The issuing bank opens a documentary credit according to the instructions of the applicant ? Step 4: The issuing bank asks another bank, usually in the country of the seller, to advise and perhaps also to add its confirmation to the documentary credit ? Step 5：The seller examines the documentary credit, and requires an amendment of the credit if necessary.? Step 6: The seller examines the documentary credit and prepares for the required documents. ? Step 7: The seller presents his documents to the advising bank for settlement ? Step 8: The negotiating bank forwards documents to the issuing bank, claiming reimbursement as agreed between the two banks? Step 9: The issuing bank examines the documents and reimburses the negotiating bank? Step10: The buyer redeems the documents and picks up the goods against the documents1Extension of latest shipment and expiry dateLatest shipment and expiry date extend to respectively.and and quantity of to .2“More or less clause” on the L/C increased (decreased) by to quantity of the commodity and commodities increased (decreased) by the amount The change on insurance coverage The change on port of shipping and port of destination The change on consignee Clause on partial shipment Clause on transshipment The change on unit price The change on trade terms The change on freight and insurance premium3Insurance covering All Risks instead of F.P.A. Shipment from to instead of previously stipulated /Port of destination amended to instead of . B/L made out to order of stipulated. Partial shipments permitted. Transshipment permitted/Transshipment at Unit price now changed to read Trade terms amended to be on instead of permitted. . instead of instead of previously45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Freight and insurance premium to be paid by beneficiary/applicant.The change on bank chargesDelete or insert a clause The add of confirmation by the advising bankAll banking charges are for applicant accountDelete the clause:“ ”. Insert a new clause: “ ”.13Please add your confirmation to this Credit, your confirmation charges, if any, are for applicant/beneficiary5.3 Types of L/C? 5.3.1 Confirmed Irrevocable Credit?5.3.2 According to the mode of availabilitySight Payment/Acceptance/Deferred Payment/Negotiation Credit? ? ?5.3.3 Straight Credit 5.3.4 Anticipatory Credit 5.3.5 Transferable Credit? ? ? ?5.3.6 Back-to-back credit 5.3.7 Revolving credit 5.3.8 Reciprocal credit 5.3.9 Standby letters of creditConfirmed L/CAccording to the adding of confirmationConfirmed irrevocable credit ? means a definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honor or negotiate a complying presentation. And gives the beneficiary a double assurance of payment ? According to the UCP600,confirmation can be only added at the request of the issuing bank. ? Used when the seller does not have confidence that the issuing bank can effectively guarantee payment . & Silent confirmation ? Based on a separate arrangement between the beneficiary and the “confirming” bank ? The bank will not be considered the confirming bank by the issuing bank and acquiring no right of claiming reimbursement from the issuing bank.Sight payment L/CAccording to the mode of availability Sight payment credit---available by sight payment to beneficiary with a named bank ? The paying bank may be the issuing bank, the advising bank, ? W ? Paym ? Usually marked in L//C as : “this credit is to expire on or before(date) at place and is available with issuing bank or advising bank/other bank by payment at sight against the beneficiary’s draft at sight drawn on nominated paying bank and the documents detailed herein” ? Straight credit Two party involved only―the issuing bank and beneficiary Draft and documents are honored by issuing bank ,L/C expires at the counter of the issuing bank and advised to beneficiary by the issuing bank directly.Acceptance/deferred payment L/C----Available by acceptance with a named drawee bank, be it the issuing bank or other nominated bank. the accepted draft can be discounte &buyer’s acceptance credit买方承兑信用证、假远期信用 证 ----according to the contract, payment to time draft discounting charges and acceptance commission are for the buyer’s account----available by deferred payment with a nominated bankat a fixed time after the date of the B/L or after the presentation of documents. Usually without a draftNegotiation L/C? “Negotiation” means : the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank. ? premises 1) the credit must indicate “available by negotiation”; 2) the negotiating bank should have got the authorization f 3) only advancing the complying prese 4) the draft, if any, should be drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank. ? Negotiating bank becomes holder in due course of a draft ? Types: Restricted negotiation credit Free negotiation creditComparison of the five kindsSight l/cWith/ without sight Paying bank sight deferredDeferred Acceptanc l/c e l/cwithout withRestricted Free negotiation negotiationSightwithout Time-with Sight/time Issuing bank Sight minus interest R With Sightwithout Time-with Sight/time Issuing bank Sight minus interest F WithdraftTenor of draft drawee Time of payment Restricted or free Right of recoursetime Accepting bank Due dateR WithoutR WithoutR Without5.3.4 Anticipatory L/C? It is a credit with a special clause added that authorizes the advising bank or any other nominated banks to make advances to the beneficiary before the submission of document. ? Issued at the request of the applicant ? Places the burden of final repayment on the applicant who could be liable for repayment of advances and all costs if the beneficiary failed to present the documents required under the credit. ? Application ? &T/T5.3.5 Transferable L/CA credit under which the beneficiary (first beneficiary) may request the bank authorized to pay, incur a deferred payment undertaking, accept or negotiate (the “transferring bank”), or in the case of a freely negotiable credit, the bank specifically authorised in the credit as a transferring bank, to make the credit available in whole or in part to one or more other beneficiary (second beneficiary) application： enables a middleman who is receiving payment from a buyer to transfer his claim under the credit to his own supplier. funtion： ? provides a bank undertaking to manufacturer and will not tie up th ? simplifies th ? keeps the commercial secrets? Transferring bank means a nominated bank that transfers the credit or, in a credit available with any bank, a bank that is specifically authorized by the issuing bank to transfer and that transfers the credit. An issuing bank may be a transferring bank.(Art.38) UCP600中允许开证行作为转让行解决了被指定银行拒绝转让的问 题。 ? If the first beneficiary is to present its own invoice and draft, if any, but fails to do so on the first demand, or if the invoices presented by the first beneficiary create discrepancies that did not exist in the presentation of the second beneficiary and the first beneficiary fails to correct them on first demand, the transferring bank has the right to present the documents as received from the second beneficiary to the issuing bank, without further responsibility to the first beneficiary. 转让行有权在第一受益人无法或疏于换单（发票及汇票）的情况 下直接将收到的第二受益人的单据提交给开证行，保护没有过 错的第二受益人。 ? Presentation of documents by or on behalf of a second beneficiary must be made to the transferring bank. 明确第二受益人必须向转让行交单，为了保护第一受益人的利益 不受侵害。Seller/first beneficiary 3)advice of L/CBuyer/applicant4)request to transfer L/C9)pay the balance1)applicationAdvising bank 2)documentary L/c 7)remitting documents Issuing bankTransferring bank8)payment 5)advice of transferred L/C 9)payment 6)presentation of documents manufacturer?Clauses can be changed in a transferred credit?Unit price and the amount of credit can be reduced ?The expire date, final shipment date and the final date for presentation can be shortened ?The percentage of insurance cover may be increased ?The name and address of the first beneficiary can be substitute for that of the original buyer5.3.6 Back to back L/CThe beneficiary of an irrevocable credit (primary credit) may use the credit as security to open a separate credit (back-to-back credit /subsidiary credit). back-to-back credit transferable creditBuyer/Original applicant Real supplier New beneficiary Advising bank Buyer/Original applicant Issuing bankIssuing bankAdvising bankIssuing bankAdvising bank /transferring bankManufacturer Real supplierOriginal beneficiary /new applicantFirst beneficiaryBack to back & transferable Credit?Firstly, in back-to-back credit operation, the original credit and the back-to-back credit are two wholly independent credits with wholly independent issuing bank undertakings, while the transferred credit derives not only its existence from the original transferable credit, but also its utilization. ? Secondly, under a transferable credit, the transferring bank is authorized and designated by the issuing bank, while for a back-to-back credit, the middleman can freely choose the issuing bank of the new credit. ? Thirdly, the transferable credit can only be transferred once, while in case of more than one middleman involved in transaction, back-to-back credits can be issued in turn to satisfy the needs of transferring among several different middlemen.5.3.7 Revolving L/C? The amount of the credit can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendments to the credit. ? Revolving around time “This is a monthly revolving credit which is available for up to the amount of USD15000 per month, and the full credit amount will be automatically renewed on the 1st day of each succeeding calendar month. Our maximum liability under this revolving credit does not exceed USD90000 being aggregate value of six months. ” Revolving around value “This credit is revolving for three shipments only.Each shipment should be effected at one month interval. The amount of each shipment is not exceeding USD50000. The total value of this revolving credit does not exceed USD150000.”automatic revolving: “This credit shall be renewable automatically twice for a period of one month each for an amount of USD50,000 for each period making a total of USD 150,000.” periodic revolving (semi-automatic revolving): “Should the negotiating bank not be advised of stopping renewal within 7 days, the unused balance of this credit shall be increased to the original amount on the 8th day after each negotiation.”notice revolving (non-automatic revolving):“The amount shall be renewal after each negotiation only upon receipt of issuing bank’s notice stating that the credit might be renewal.”5.3.8 Reciprocal L/CA reciprocal credit is mostly used in a barter trade, a trade of processing of incoming materials, a counter trade, or a compensation trade. In the above types of trade, there are usually two transactions and letters of credit involved. The applicant of one credit (the original credit) may assume the position of the beneficiary of the other credit (the reciprocal credit), and the beneficiary of the first credit is the applicant of the second credit.伊士克罗信用证（Escrow L/C)是指在对销贸易中，一国开立的L/C中规定，该信用证下申 请人所付的款项，将以受益人的名义存放开证银行，用于支付受 益人从开证行所在国的进口货款，也称为有条件支付。开证行为 受益人开立的帐户叫“P.I.E”账户。特点：1、“付款”只是以受益人的名义存在P.I.E账户中，不能支 取现金，类似与记帐贸易； 2、平衡进出口贸易收支； 3、实际的交易方涉及三方，而不像对开L/C中仅涉及两方。Escrow L/CImporter A goods goods Exporter B/ Exporter N Applicant of N (importer) 3)advise 4)docu 1)application 3)documents -ments6)pay and redeem 1)applidocuments cation2)advise 2)advise Issuing bank Advising bank/ Advising bank C 5)documents Issuing bank of B 4)documents 5)Asking 7)credit B’s C to pay account P.I.E account of B 7)payment from B’s account5.3.9 Standby letters of credit? Definitiona standby letter of credit is an obligation on the part of an issuing bank to pay a beneficiary in the case of the nonperformance of the applicant.? Characteristics ? Types of Standby CreditsConcept and characteristics? Standby letter of credit means an issuer on behalf of an applicant that represents an obligation to the beneficiary, pursuant to a complying presentation: ? to repay money borrowed by, advanced to, for the acco or ? to make payment on account of any indebtedness undertaken by the applicant；or ? to make payment on account of any default by the applicant in the performance of an obligation.? Irrevocable form ? independent ? documentary ? Standby(开立的意图是第二性的）Certain documents required to obtain payment including:?the ?a ?astandby letsight draft for the amount due acting as
copy o?proofof dispatch and a signed declaration from the beneficiary stating that payment has not been received by the due date and therefore reimbursement is claimed by letter of credit.? 示例：“凭以我行为付款人的即期汇票支款，汇票须随 附由受益人签发的与下述内容完全一致的声明： ABC公司（受益人）的下述签字人员兹证实：本备 用信用证项下所开之汇票金额为XYZ公司（开证申请人） 欠ABC公司的未付到期款项”。 （Available against drafts drawn at sight on us accompanied by beneficiary’s signed statement reading precisely as follows：The undersigned officer of ABC company hereby certifies that the amount drawn under this standby letter of credit represents an amount due and owing to ABC company and is unpaid by XYZ company。） ? 适用规则 《国际备用证惯例 》ISP98, International Standby Practices, ICC Publication No.590?G银行于日开立一份以B为受益人 的备用信用证，规定于日生效。3月 14日申请人指示开证行撤销备用信用证。 请依据ISP98的规定分析上述做法可否？G银行必须拒绝执行该项指示。 备用信用证自3月1日开立后即不可撤销，而 备用信用证的生效日，即4月1日代表的是可凭 备用信用证提出索款要求的最早日期，但该日 期与备用信用证变为不可撤销的时间无关。?案例1一开证行开立一份不可撤销的备用信用证，通过A行通知给受益人。 信用证要求受益人提供如下单据： 1．申请人违约声明书，注明：按照XXX与YYY公司之间达成 的第111号、日期为1994年1月l日的合同，我方已于日 装运了SSS加仑的油。发货后，我方等待YYY按上面提及的合同规 定付款期长达120天之久。YYY方没有支付应付之款，因此，YYY 方违反了合同条件。根据该备用信用证规定，我方有权支取申请人 （YYY公司）所欠USD的款项。 2．一份注明装运商品的商业发票副本。 3．一份证明装运了货物并表示了装运日期的运输单据副本。 根据商业合同的要求，受益人装运了货物，按照销售合同，受 益人对于应付给他的款项向YYY方开立了发票，付款期限是120夭。 装运后第121天，受益人未能从YYY方收到全部款项。于是，受益 人按照备用信用证的要求备妥单据并提交给开证行索款。 开证行收到单据后，经审核认为单据不符拒绝接受，理由如下： 延迟交单。按照UCP500第四十三条规定，单据必须不迟于装 运日后21天内提交，装运日期是 日，而单据直至1994 年6月3日才提交，受益人的交单构成延迟交单。 请根据UCP500的规定，分析开证行的拒付是否有理？? 开证行对备用信用证的上述拒付是不合理的。 UCP500第四十三条a分条适用于商业跟单信用证而不是备用信用 证。开立后者是为了保证申请人履约。只有在证明申请人确实违 反了其与受益人之间的商业合同条款后，备用信用证才生效。 其次，为了与商业合同一致，违约声明书要求受益人必须在装运 之后120天内等待申请人付款。只有申请人违反了合同的付款规定， 受益人方可使用备用信用证索款。因此，受益人在制成违约声明 书之前，不可能既允许受益人给申请人装运日后120天的融资又同 时要求受益人在装运日后21天内提交要求的单据。因此，开证行 的拒付是无理的。 另外，备用信用证被认为是付款的从属方式，只能凭违约声明书 使用备用信用证，且不宜在备用信用证中规定提交运输单据的副 本，以免授予开证行延迟交单的把柄。为慎重起见，在要求副本 运输单据的备用信用证中应注明UCP500第四十三条a分条不适用。Types? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 履约备用证 Performance Standby 预付款备用证Advance Payment Standby 投标备用证 Bid Bond/Tender Bond Standby 反担保备用证 Counter Standby 融资备用证 Financial Standby 直接付款备用证 Direct Pay Standby 保险备用证 Insurance Standby 商业备用证 Commercial Standby5.4 Key Issues under L/C? 5.4.1 Regarding the Role of Banks ? 5.4.2 Common Problems with Documentary Credits ? 5.4.3 Risk Protection ? 5.4.4 Financing under L/C ? 5.4.5 Documentary Credit Application ? 5.4.6 Best practice when dealing with a L/C ? 5.4.7 Bank fees5.4.1 Regarding the Role of Banks? all parties, especially for banks, in the letter of credit transaction deal with documents ? banks? promise to pay under a documentary credit is conditional in essence and accompanied with many disclaimers on effectiveness of documents, transmission and translation, Force Majeure and acts of an instructed party.5.4.3 Risks and protectionfrom the perspective of the beneficiary: ? Fake L/C; ? Trapped clause in the credit： ? “one set of original B/L sent directly to the applicant ” from the perspective of applicant: ? Risks from the delivery of the goods against bank guarantee； ? Substandard goods ； ? Forgery documents from the perspective of the issuing bank: ? “one set of original B/L sent directly to the applicant ” ； ? Delivery of the goods against bank guaranteeTrapped clause? Shipment can only be effected upon receipt ofapplicant’s shipping instruction through L/C opening bank nominated the name of carrying vessel by means of subsequent credit amendment. ? Cargo receipt issued and signed by authorized signatures of the applicant, whose signature must be in conformity with our records,, certifying that the goods have been received in good order, showing the quantity, value of goods, date of delivery and letter of credit number. ? Documents must be negotiated within 15 days from B/L date. ? Shipping advice issued by the applicant whose signature must be in conformity with L/C issuing bank records, showing the name of vessel and approving the date of shipment.恶劣的软条款、付款条款造成客户损失? 加拿大某银行开来购买渔产的信用证，在特殊条款中有如下规定：“IT IS A CONDITION OF THIS CREDIT THAT ALL DOCUMENTS ARE TO BE RELEASED TO APPLICANT FREE OF PAYMENT AGAINST A TRUST RECEIPT TO PERMIT INSPECTION BY CANADIAN FOOD INSPECTION AGENCY OR CFIA APPOINTED AGENCY. THE REMITTING/NEGOTAITING BANK MUST INDICATE ON THEIR COVERING LETTER TO THE ISSUING BANK THAT ALL SHIPPING DOCUMENTS MUST BE DELIVERED TO THE APPLICANT AGAINST THEIR SIGNED TRUST RECEIPT IN ORDER TO OBTAIN CLEARANCE OF MERCHANDISE TO SECURE INSPECTION BY THE CANADIAN AUTHORITIES. PAYMENT WILL BE MADE ONLY UPON RECEIPT BY ISSUING BANK OF AN ADVICE FROM APPLICANT STATING THAT THE GOODS HAVE THE GOVERNMENT CLEARENCE FOR ENTRANCE INTO CANADA.”此外还声明，如果申请人提供证明货物未能通关，开证行免除一 切付款责任。 开证行在收到单据后凭申请人的信托收据释放单据。受益人从其它渠道 得知货物已完成通关，但款项迟迟没有收到，那么，开证行有无义务监督货 物检验、通关的事实，是否有义务督促申请人提供清关证明？ 此类信用证条款源于进口国对渔产品的进口限制，进口商只有货物通过 检验办理通关手续后方才同意支付。请问针对进口国此种限制，出口商是否 应选择信用证结算？选择何种结算方式更能保护我国出口商利益？??? ?5.4.4 Financing under L/C? Financing provided to the exporter (1) Packing loan (2) Export bill purchase (3) Bill discounted (4) Discounting against export commercial invoice ? Financing provided to the importer (1) Approval of credit line by the issuing bank (2) Import bill advance (3) Trust receipt (T/R) (4) Delivery of the goods against bank guarantee5.4.5 Documentary Credit Application? ①Signat ? ②The full name and addres be sure to make it correct and complete, or it may result in improper presentation of docu ? ③The amount of the cred it should be in compliance with the sales contract, and the words “about”, or “approximate” used may indicate a 10% more or less tolerance of the drawing amount from the stated amount allowed. ? ④E? ⑤Availability of the credit, i.e. by sight payment, deferred payment, acceptance, or negotiation and ? ⑥A brief description of the goods, including details of quantity and unit price, ? ⑦Th If the applicant has any requirements for the beneficiary to fulfill, then he should specify the specific documents to meet such requirements. If a credit contains a condition without stipulating the document to indicate compliance with the condition, banks will deem such condition as not stated and will disregard it.? ⑧The requirements on the shipment, f ? ⑨The period of time after the date of shipment within which the documents must be presented for payment, acceptance, ? ⑩the way the credit is to be opened and whether or not the documentary credit is transferable or confirmed.5.4.6 Best practice when dealing with a L/C? If it is decided that a letter of credit is necessary, the terms and conditions of the credit should be agreed upon at the contract negotiation stage with the importer. ? Even when the above steps are followed, it is essential to check the letter of credit as soon as it is received. The following is a checklist to be reviewed immediately on receipt of a letter of creditExamination of L/CFrom the perspective of beneficiary： ?The form of the credit and validity clause； ?T ?Description of the goods； ?Currency code and amount； ?Quantity and weight of goods； ?Price terms； ?Loading port and discharging port； ?The date of shipment, period of presentation of documents and the expiry date； ?Partial shipment allowed or not； ?Documents requiredShipment date, period of presentation of documents and the expiry date : ?双到期（装效同期）－－if there is no fixed date for shipment, then the expiry date can be seen as the latest shipment date； ?Latest date for presentation of documents－ －within 21 days after the bill of lading date if there is no definite regulation； ?修改中只展装期未展效期，可理解为装效同展，只 展效期未展装期，不能认为装效同展开证行的拒付及拒付后单据的处理? 现行信用证拒付操作实务 C 1.必须是在合理时间(REASONABLE TIME)及不超过自收到单据翌 日起的第七个银行工作日内通知交单行/机构/受益人； C 2.必须以最快捷方式通知不符点，一般采用电传(TELEX)或 (SWIFT)方式；C 3.一次性提出所有不符点（“ONLY ONE BITE OF CHERRY ”）；C 4.提出的不符点须是实质性不符点，不得一味偏袒开证申请人， 挑剔单据无理拒付； C 5.不符点通知上必须说明拒付及单据代交单行保存并听候处理 （WE REFUSE THE DOCUMENTS DUE TO THE DISCREPANCY(IES) FOUND THEREIN. WE ARE HOLDING DOCS. AT YR DISPOSAL PENDING YR INSTRUCTIONS）；C 6.若开证申请人在开证行收到单据前已向开证行申请开立提货 担保凭以提取货物，则即使单据中存在不符点，亦不得再对外 拒付。? 构成合格拒付通知的“三要素”:C 要有明确的拒付意思表示? WE REFUSE THE DOCUMENTSC 一次性列出全部不符点，不符点必须明确? DUE TO THE DISCREPANCY(IES) FOUND THEREINC 表明单据已代为保管听候处理，或已退给交单 人? WE ARE HOLDING DOCS. AT YR DISPOSAL PENDING YR INSTRUCTIONS.OR, ? WE HAVE RETURNED DOCS.TO YOU
C UCP600 Article 16 Discrepant Documents, Waiver and Notice C When a nominated bank acting on its nomination, a confirming bank, if any, or the issuing bank decides to refuse to honour or negotiate, it must give a single notice to that effect to the presenter.C The notice must state: C i. that the bank is refusing to and C ii. each discrepancy in respect of which the bank refuses to and C iii. a) that the bank is holding the documents pending further instruction or C b) that the issuing bank is holding the documents until it receives a waiver from the applicant and agrees to accept it, or receives further instructions from the presenter prior to agreein or C c) that the bank is ret or C d) that the bank is acting in accordance with instructions previously received from the presenter? A nominated bank acting on its nomination, a confirming bank, if any, or the issuing bank may, after providing notice required by subarticle 16 (c) (iii) (a) or (b), return the documents to the presenter at any time.(Art.16)Case study案例1： 我某出口企业收到国外开来不可撤销信用 证1份，由设在我国境内的某外资银行通知并加 以保兑。我出口企业在货物装运后，正拟将有关 单据交银行议付时，忽接该外资银行通知，由于 开证银行已宣布破产，该行不承担对该信用证的 议付或付款责任，但可接受我出口公司委托向买 方直接收取货款的业务。对此，你认为我方应如 何处理为好？案例2：? 主证开证行：国内A银行? 主证受益人：嘉陵公司（香港） ? 主证交单行、背对背信用证开证行：R银行香港分行 ? 背对背信用证议付行： STANDARD CHARTERED BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD ? 99年10月26日，A开立信用证号为LCXXXX152/99，金额为 USD1,400,000.00，受益人为“嘉陵公司”，信用证的付 款期限为见票后85 天，适用任何银行自由议付 ? 10月29日，嘉陵公司凭上述信用证向R申请开立背对背信 用证，证号为ILC90512，受益人为 “Shin Yang公司”， 金额为USD1,315,000.00，期限为即期，自由议付 ? 信用证通过马来西亚渣打银行通知受益人? 11月5日，R银行从渣打银行收到背对背信用证项下单 据。渣打银行在面函上声明：已议付相符的单据 ? R银行审单后亦认为单证相符 ? 11月9日，嘉陵公司向R银行提交主证项下全套单据， 金额为USD1,401,495.42，期限为85 days sight，并 指示R银行：“Please negotiate the above bill and pay our import bill under your L/C No. ILC90512 favouring Shin Yang Trading Sdn., Bhd. for USD1,316,404.63” ? 11月12日，R银行将主证项下单据以快邮方式寄给 A银 行，其面函上声明：我行已议付单据? 11月19日，R银行汇出USD1,316,344.63给渣打银行， 完成了其背对背信用证项下的付款? 11月15日，A银行收到R银行提交的单据? 11月22日， A银行发出拒付，理由：产地证系由受益人出具、经当地商会 加签的，并非信用证中要求的由当地商会出具。同时声明：“保留单据听 候处理，一旦申请人接受不符点即放单，除非在此之前收到相反的指示。” 11月23日， A银行收到法院的《协助执行通知书》，以受益人嘉陵公司提 交的不是主证项下的单据涉嫌欺诈为由，要求A银行： C 查封、扣押LCXXXX152/99信用证项下所有单据 C 停止支付LCXXXX152/99信用证项下款项 ? ? A银行当日将该情况通知R银行 11月24日，R银行致电A银行，称其所递交的单据已符合信用证条款，同时 声明：作为议付行，即使在发生欺诈的情况下，也有权要求A银行偿付 C 不符点成立； C 否认R银行的议付行地位，认为其只是履行背对背信用证项下义务而已 C 凭法院的止付令?? A银行以如下理由坚持拒付：? 2000年7月，法院以证据不足为由，驳回了R银行提出的要求 撤销止付裁定申请。法院认为： C 日，R银行于支付给渣打银行的款项只是履 行了其第ILC90512号背靠背信用证项下的付款义务 C R银行向A银行提交单据的行为应认定为委托寄单索汇，也 就是说，R银行所处的地位只是托收行。因此，止付裁定 并未损害R银行作为托收银行的相关利益 ? 日，R银行在香港正式起诉A银行。该案于2004年 5月在香港高等法院开庭审理，第一审判A银行胜诉。 ? R银行未提起上诉判决：? A银行所提的不符点不成立，且拒付通知也不符合UCP500第14 条的规定? R银行的议付行地位不成立，其只能作为嘉陵公司的委托寄单行， 因此，R银行无权向A银行主张要求获得赔偿的权利? R银行没有对单据做无追索的买断，尽管R银行在其1999年11月 12日的面函中声称其已议付该单据，但实际上当天并未发生任 何支付行为? R银行于日向其背靠背信用证受益人所支付的金 额为USD1,316,344.63的款项只是解除了其背靠背信用证项下 自身的付款责任，并不是对主证项下单据的议付行为。因为，R 银行并未对主证项下单据向嘉陵公司做出扣除银行费用、融资 利息后的全额款项，即USD1,401,495.42? R银行并未向嘉陵公司的帐户支付任何款项，而金额为 USD1,316,344.63的款项并未先贷记嘉陵公司的帐户，而是直 接用于支付背靠背信用证项下的支款? 金额为USD1,316,344.63的融资，R银行是作为进口融资而不是 出口融资记录在册的? 判决：C 经过数次开庭审理，法院最终裁定共同被告方JSB银行与新 远贸易公司败诉，须赔付原告BOC贴现本金及诉讼及执行期 间的利息，并负担全部诉讼费用。 C 本判决再一次验证了贸易欺诈诉讼不得对抗在不知情条件 下议付票据的“善意第三方”（即议付行）的法律原则。 在此案的法庭判词中，William Stone法官做出如下的判决： C ……I have no hesitation in deciding that JSB, the defendant herein, must succeed in its claim for indemnification by Xinyuan against the claim of BOC, JSB's liability to BOC having been earlier established. I so order. I will hear counsel on the precise form of the Order, together with argument on interest and costs……案例3：Banco Santander S.A. V. Banque Paribas原告：Banco Santander （保兑行）被告：Banque Paribas （开证行） ? 背景 C Paribas开立了一份金额为USD18,500,000.00的跟单信用证。该证 规定“由开证行办理延期付款”，期限为提单日后180天 C Santander通知该证，并根据开证行的请求对信用证加具了保兑 C 随后，受益人提交了证下单据, 经审核，Santander银行接受了单 据，确定到期日为日 C 根据与受益人签订的有关协议，Santander银行凭一份款项让渡书 贴现了远期付款款项C 贴现后不久，受益人被指控欺诈。开证行在到期日拒绝偿付保兑 行，理由是：在到期日前发现了欺诈C 经交涉无果，保兑行起诉开证行，要求开证行履行偿付责任西班牙国际银行诉巴黎银行（2000年英国法院判例）开证申请人 通 知 单 据 伪 造进口俄罗斯原油 表 面 相 符 单 据受益人贴现一周 后，到期 日前申 请 开 证L/C:1850万美元（溢短装10％） 提单日后180天延期付款单据 通知单据伪造，拒绝偿付即未 贴征 现求 远开 期证 付行 款意 承见 诺，款 项 让 渡 书$巴黎银行 （开证行） （被告/法国巴黎）西班牙国际银行（指定银行/保兑行）（原告/英国伦敦）? 调查C欺诈确定成立 CSantander银行在保兑信用证及贴现有关单据 时不知悉欺诈存在 C保兑行和开证行均是在到期日前获悉欺诈C问题：谁将胜诉？法官意见C西班牙国际银行起诉巴黎银行，要求其偿付。 C 英国法院判西班牙国际银行败诉 ? UCP500授权保兑行到期付款，并没有授权保兑行在 单据相符的情况下贴现其做出的延期付款承诺。开 证行因此受欺诈例外的保护。 ? 根据英国案例法，延期付款信用证下的被指定银行 如果对受益人提交的单据进行融资贴现其地位票据 的正当持票人不同，其权利不得优于前手出让人 （本案中为受益人）。作为转让人的受益人伪造了 单据，开证行可以此拒绝到期偿付作为受让人的西 班牙国际银行。 ? 如果是承兑信用证，保兑行作为汇票的正当持票人， 可以贴现已承兑的远期汇票，享有到期日获得开证 行偿付的权利。开证行不受欺诈例外的保护。C 同样遵循UCP500的延期付款信用证案例，在不同的司法管辖下，结果截然不同 ? 英国 ? 韩国 ? 美国 C 美国统一商法典： ? 延期付款信用证项下，指定银行善意贴 现其做出的延期付款承诺，即使其后发 生欺诈，开证行到期也必须偿付。? UCP600从国际惯例角度，统一了延期付款信用证允许指定银行预付或购买自己的延期付款承诺的做法，加强了延期付款信用证的融资功能，使融资的指定 银行在发生基础交易欺诈时，受到惯例保护。案例4：中国银行香港分行诉香港建新银行案 C 基本案情介绍： ? 日，香港建新银行（以下称JSB）根据新远贸易公 司的申请，开出以南北行（以下称NPH）为受益人的90天远期 承兑信用证； ? 日，受益人NPH向中国银行香港分行（以下称BOC） 交单并申请融资，BOC于同日将单据寄往JSB银行收款； ? 日，JSB银行向BOC发出承兑通知，到期日为1998 年10月15日。 ? BOC收到承兑通知后，于同日为受益人NPH办理贴现。 C 事后，进口商在提货时发现提单系伪造，提单表面显示的2万吨燃 料油实际装运数量只有3千吨。为此，进口商立即向开证行JSB提 出拒付并以单据欺诈为由向法院申请止付令； C 贴现行BOC对此做出的反应是于日向开证行JSB正式 发出律师函，并向香港高等法院提出诉讼，起诉开证行及开证申 请人。 C 问题：谁将胜诉？C经过数次开庭审理，法院最终裁定共同被告方 JSB银行与新远贸易公司败诉，须赔付原告BOC 贴现本金及诉讼及执行期间的利息，并负担全 部诉讼费用。C本判决再一次验证了贸易欺诈诉讼不得对抗在 不知情条件下议付票据的“善意第三方”（即 议付行）的法律原则。
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