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2014新目标八下U-5 what were you doing when the rainstorm came学案 Section A 3a-3.
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＞＞＞A man was on the side of the road hitchhiking(搭便车) on a v..
A man was on the side of the road hitchhiking(搭便车) on a very dark night in the middle of a terrible rainstorm, with no cars on the road. The storm was so strong that the man could hardly see a few feet ahead of him. Suddenly, he saw a car come towards him and stop. The man, without thinking about it, got in the car and closed the door and only then did he realize that there was nobody behind the steering wheel(方向盘)!The car started to move very slowly. The man looked at the road and saw a curve(拐弯处) coming his way. Terrified, he started to pray, begging for his life. He had not come out of shock when, just before the car hit the curve, a hand suddenly appeared through the window and moved the wheel. The man, paralyzed with fear, watched how the hand appeared every time the car was drawing near a curve. Finally, although terrified, the man managed to open the door and jump out of the spooky(怪异的) car. Without looking back, the man ran through the storm all the way to the nearest town. In a state of complete horror, the man walked into a nearby bar and asked for two glasses of Scotch whisky.Then, still shaking with fright, he started telling everybody in the bar about the horrible experience he just went through in the spooky car. Everyone in the bar listened in silence and became frightened, with hair standing on end, when they realized the man was telling the truth because he was crying and he was certainly not drunk!About half an hour later, two other young men walked into the same bar and one said to the other,“Hey, there’s a stupid man who jumped into the car while we were pushing it!”小题1:When the car was first drawing near a curve, the man&&&&&&&.A．felt very curiousB．was extremely frightenedC．cried for helpD．remained as calm as possible小题2:According to the passage, what made the man’s experience believable?A．His reasonable behavior.B．His vivid description.C．His simple appearance.D．His honest attitude.小题3:We can infer from the passage that&&&&&&&.A．it is unsafe for people to take a free rideB．the man was telling a lie to his listenersC．the car probably broke down on the wayD．the two young men were familiar with the man
题型：阅读理解难度：中档来源：不详
小题1:B小题2:A小题3:C试题分析：这篇文章讲述了在一个暴风雨的午夜，一个男人在路边搭便车，当他上了一辆车后发现没有司机，汽车在自己行使，而在转弯处的时候，却突然又冒出来一只手，他非常害怕，就跳下了车，后来才知道，这辆车坏掉了，司机在后面推车。小题1:细节题。根据文章The man looked at the road and saw a curve(拐弯处) coming his way. Terrified, he started to pray, begging for his life.可知，当汽车第一次靠近转弯处的时候，这个男人非常的恐惧。故选B小题2:细节题。根据文章when they realized the man was telling the truth because he was crying and he was certainly not drunk!可知，这个男人合理的行为使人们相信他的经历。故选A小题3:细节题。根据文章one said to the other,“Hey, there’s a stupid man who jumped into the car while we were pushing it!”可知，这个男人跳上的这个车坏掉了，司机在后面推车。故选C点评：记叙文是高考必考题型，此类题型比较好解答，在答题过程中注意结合题目在文章中找到答案的位置，注意理解作者所叙述事情的起因，经过，结果。 同时，如果第一遍不能理解，结合题目来进行理解全文，也不失为一个好的方法。
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“A man was on the side of the road hitchhiking(搭便车) on a v..”主要考查你对&&人物传记类阅读，故事类阅读&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
人物传记类阅读故事类阅读
人物传记类文章的文体特征：
人物传记是记叙文体的一种，主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。 人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧：
1、把握文体特征，注意写作手法如前文所述，人物传记是记叙文体的一种，因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次，还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列，一般采用倒叙的写作手法，有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法，能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。 2、抓住题干关键词，采用寻读的方法查找细节描述事实细节题是人物传记类文章的主要题型，一般常见以下几种类型： (1)对号入座题：这种题的答案一般在原文中可以直接找到，只要读懂文章，掌握文章中的事实，如时间、地点、事件等细节问题，就能选对正确答案。 (2)词义转换题：这种题常常是原文有关词语和句子的转换，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 (3)是非题：该题型俗称“三缺一”题型，即题目四个选项中有三个符合文章内容，剩下一个不符合。题干多为：Which of the following isTRUE?或者三个不符合文章内容，剩下一个符合，题干多为：Which of the following…isNOTtrue?或All the following are true EXCEPT(4)排序题：这种题要求考生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作，迅速缩小选择范围，从而快速选出正确答案。 (5)指代理解题：一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用的一种题型，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。可采用“逻辑关系梳理法”，使人物或事件关系清晰条理。不管题型如何，在做事实细节题时，可采用比较实用的方法一有目的的阅读。在阅读时，首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词，然后以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。这样一来，既提高了阅读的速度，又能确保答案的准确率。同时，建议阅读文章时把与答案相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来，标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子，这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。 3、抽丝剥茧，推理判断深层含义推理判断题主要提问那些未曾在文中说明，但已特别暗示的内容，考查考生对文章的准确理解和判断。人物传记类文章常见的推理判断题型为： (1)细节推断题：要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。 (2)因果推断题：要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。 (3)人物性格、作者态度及观点判断题：人物传记类文章中有些是考查考生对作者的主导思想、被描写人物的语气、言语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上做出一定推论和判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。解答此类题时，要注意： (1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。 (2)对文字的表面信息进俐宅掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等进行符合逻辑的推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 (3)基于文章内容，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 (4)把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。 (5)注意文中所用词句的感情色彩，是讽刺性的，批评性的，赞成性的，还是反对性的，以便推测作者的观点和态度。故事类阅读概念：
这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。故事类阅读应试技巧：
1、抓住文章的6个要素：阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后顺序。因此，无论是顺叙还是倒叙，阅读此类文章时，必须要找到它结构中的5个W（when, where, who, why, what）和1个H（how），不过不是每篇都会完整地交待六个要素。毫无疑问，寻出这些元素是能够正确快速解题的一个先决条件。 2、注意作者的议论和抒情：高考英语阅读理解故事类文章常伴随着作者思想情感的流露和表达，因此议论和抒情往往夹杂其中。行文时或按事情发生发展的先后时间进行或按事情发生发展的地点来转换，也可能按事情发展的阶段来布局。在引出话题，讲完一件事情后，作者往往会表达个人感悟或提出建议等。这些体现作者观点或思想的语句在阅读时可以划线，它们往往体现文章中心或者写作意图，属于必考点，所以要仔细体会。 3、结合前两点归纳文章中心，把握作者态度：故事类文章是通过记叙一件事来表达中心思想的，它是文章的灵魂。归纳文章中心思想时，尤其要分析文章的结尾，因为很多文章卒章显志，用简短的议论、抒情揭示文章中心；文章中议论抒情的句子往往与中心密切相关；也有的文章需要在结合概括各段大意的基础上归纳中心。另外，叙述一件事必有其目的，或阐明某一观点，或赞美某种品德，或抨击某种陋习，这就要求我们在阅读时，通过对细节（第1点中的六要素）的理解，把握作者的态度。 4、有章有据进行解题判断：分析文章，归纳主题，属于分析、概括、综合的表述能力的考查。切忌脱离文章，架空分析，一定让分析在文章中有依据。
发现相似题
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353218415891406324406627388196357314Development of the Rainstorm Forecasting Technique in China
15-08-2013
Source:China Meteorological News Press
Rainstorm events are difficult to forecast owing to the relatively small spatial scale and rapid development of the convective weather systems. The difficulty lays on the forecasting of both the extreme rainfall amount and their location. With the establishment of new observatory technique, however, a great progress in the skill of rainstorm forecasting has been made in China recent years, including the amelioration in forecasting method, numerical model, hi-tech observation network and forecasting accuracy. The weather prediction has been changed from weather-chart-based work to high-resolution numerical prediction using novel data assimilation, non-hydrostatic model and model data interpretation.
Direct application of radar observations in rainstorm forecastingThe establishment of the Doppler weather radar network in China provides high-resolution observations in both spatial and temporal dimensions. The temporal extrapolation of radar echo developed at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences has been used in nowcasting and short-term forecasting of rainstorms by use the blending technique of high-resolution numerical model results and radar observations.
Numerical weather model and the forecasting technique
Development of multi-scale numerical model is one the major task to improve rainstorm forecast. Efforts to the GRAPES model development and contributions to WRF mesoscale model have been made for high-resolution simulation and numerical prediction of heavy rainfall. Regional numerical forecasts with the WRF and ARPS models give detailed description of mesoscale systems and precipitation of rainstorms. Data assimilation of Radar and satellite observations not only improves the initial conditions for mesoscale model, but provides more model initiations. In a short-term numerical prediction, the data assimilation technique, i.e. 3DVAR and EnKF, improves the numerical results substantially.
With the rapid development of computer hardware, regional high-resolution numerical prediction with grid spacing of less than 5km is practical at the Chinese Meteorological Administration, by using explicit computation of cloud microphysics schemes. Routine run of global 30km model gives rise to amelioration of atmospheric general circulation and also mesoscale rainstorms. Ensemble weather forecast, in the view point of chaos nature of the atmosphere, is effective to perform rainstorm prediction, especially for those long-persistent cases.
Improvement of prediction of the circulation pattern Numerical bias causes fail prediction of rainstorm and the circulation pattern. Unique approaches to improve the numerical prediction are developed by using analogue analysis and statistical method. Historical analogue cases are selected as the referencing, numerical prediction is corrected accordingly. A new developed model calibration method has been tested for a couple of tens cases, to remove model bias by using historical observations. The proposed technique is evaluated for heavy rainfall cases, and improves the circulation modeling greatly. Further test of application to daily forecast and the effect for heavy rainfall prediction is ongoing.
We have still long distance to go to catch up with the advanced country. In U.S., the TS score of rainstorm forecast gets to 0.2, but it is 0.18 in China. The comprehensive usage of radar and satellite observations in high-resolution model is the key to improve our rainstorm forecasts further more. Development of the model dynamics, physics and corresponding methodology is certainly the basis of the improvement of rainstorm forecast skill.
Author &Peng Xindong,&State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences
Meso-scale Analysis and Forecast of “7?21” Extreme Heavy Rain Event in Beijing
20-h accumulated precipitation (mm) from& 10:00 LST 21 July& to 06:00 LST 22 July 2012
The rain belt& is in an southwest-northeast direction.
Averaged precipitation in whole Beijing city：170 mm
Averaged precipitation in urban area of& Beijing city：215 mm
The maximum 20-h accumulative precipitation ：460.0 mm&
The maximum 1 h precipitation：100.3 mm
synoptic situation
Beijing is affected by the joint influence of upper-layer thick deep cold trough and middle-lower shear, and is located in the front of surface cold front.
upper- and low-level jet
Heavy rain area is located on the right side of the upper-level jet exit and the front of low-level jet. The allocation of strong upper-level divergence and low-level convergence is beneficial to the development and maintenance of the synoptic scale vertical ascending motion in heavy rain area.
water-vapor condition
14:00 LST 700hPa vapor flux (shaded,≥6 g?cm-1?s-1?hPa-1)
The southwest and south side of heavy rain area in middle-lower troposphere is the maximum value area of vapor flux.
local water-vapor condition
Humidification in lower troposphere in Beijing area& during 11:00 LST,21st to 04:00 LST,22nd is very distinctly.&
MCS evolution characteristics
BB(backbuilding/qusi-stationary) MCS： About 500km-long and 80km wide.
New cells keep generating repeatedly in the upstream of the system, and then move into the anterior system in a line-parallel direction.
After 20h LST in 21st,BB MCS turns into TS (trailing stratiform) MCS, and moves southeastwards. New cells is generating in front of the system. Besides& leading to extreme heavy rain in Beijing, it also induces large-scale moderate rainfall in later period in Tianjin city and Hebei province.
TBB characteristics
model prediction results comparison
For all models, the forecast precipitation intensity is smaller than observation, and the beginning time of strong precipitation is 6-h lag.
LAPS analysisNumber of vertical levels : 22Top pressure：100hPaTime resolution：1hSpatial resolution：3kmBackground& field:& fnl dataIngest&data: Surface&observation,Sounding&observation,Radar(6&stations)&,&Satellite(FY3E).
comparison of LAPS and NCEP
LAPS: obvious wind-convergence and vortex system in lower-troposphere& at 14h.
NCEP: it is not obvious.
At 14h, there is stronger convergence in lower troposphere of LAPS analysis field than that of NCEP.
Before heavy rain occurrence, large unstable energy is accumulated over Beijing area.Every parameter is favorable to strong rainfall development.
LAPS Analysis
The allocation& of lower level strong convergence& and upper level strong divergence In lower-layer high temperature and high humidity airflow extends to heavy rain area.&
Vertical distribution of cloud-ice and cloud-water during strong precipitation period
Water substance& is rich. It is richer at 14h than at 19h.
WRF model results comparison between using LAPS and NCEP as initial field
Forecast result made at 08h with LAPS as initial field is obviously improved in strong precipitation occurring time and intensity, while the predicted rainfall location deviates a little to west.
WRF model results comparison between using LAPS and NCEP as initial field
Forecast result made at 14h is not& improved in strong precipitation occurrence.
The extreme heavy rain event in Beijing is induced by a long-lasting BB MCS. Its development consists two stages:
1. from 10-20h in 21st, it maintains quasi-static in B 2. after 20h,this BB MCS turns into TS MCS and moves southeastwards and influences the areas in Tianjin and Hebei province.
Upper-level jet divergence and the thick deep convergence system constructed by vortex and shear in middle-lower troposphere and surface inverse trough forms strong ascending motion and keeps its maintenance. The vapor channel from east ocean in the periphery of subtropical high and the vapor of southwest low-level jet& provide abundant& water vapor condition.
In LAPS analysis field, there is obvious meso-small scale vortex system and wind-convergence in middle-lower layer& at 14:00 LST .While for NCEP, there is no obvious meso-scale system at 14:00 LST.
According to different models results, the heavy rain event could be simulated (about 50mm), while the precipitation intensity is obviously smaller and the beginning time of strong rainfall is later than real case. The simulated precipitation intensity and beginning time can be significantly improved by using LAPS analysis field as background field.
Resource Wuhan Institute of Heavy Rain, CMA
Related& Papers:
Related Reading2014年Unit3 What were you doing when the rainstorm came SectionA课件111_中华文本库
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文本预览：
What’s he doing now?
（现在进行时） He is playing football.
What was he doing at three o’clock yesterday afternoon?
He was playing football.
（过去进行时）
现在进行时
含义： 表示
过去进行时
含义： 表示过去某个时
正在进行的动作。
刻 正在进行的动作。
is/am/are + doing
was/were + doing
I am having an English class.
I was having an English class at this time yesterday.
过去进行时的否定式 I wasn’t having an English class at this time 过去进行时的疑问式 Were you having an English class at this time.?
What’s she doing now? She is running.
What was she doing at seven o’clock yesterday morning?
She was running.
What are they doing now? They are dancing. What were they doing
at ten last night ? They were dancing.
Ask and answer in pairs
Where were you at 6:00 yesterday evening? What were you doing ?
in a river in a park in a shop at home at home
swimming playing basketball doing some shopping cooking doing my homework
Yesterday, there was a rainstorm. Where were you when the rainstorm came? What were they doing when the rainstorm came? Here are some reports. What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
I was studying in the library.
Where were you when the rainstorm came? What were you doing?
I was in the bathroom. I was taking a shower.
I was in the bedroom.
I was sleeping..
I was in the kitchen. I was cooking.
I was in the barber’s chair.
I was cutting hair.
I was in the living-room. I was reading..
Where were you when the rainstorm came?
I was on the street.
What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
I was talking with my mother in my house.
What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
I was waiting for the bus at the bus stop.
1a Where were the people at the time of the rainstorm? Match the statements with the people in the picture.
1. __ b I was in the library. 2. __ a I was in my house. 3. __ d I was on the street. 4. __ c I was at the bus stop.
What were they doing when the rainstorm came? Let’s listen. Pay attention to “was/were +doing”.
1b Listen to the TV report and circle
the correct responses.
a. doing my homework / studying
b. playing basketball / reading
c. going to work / waiting for the bus
d. walking home / shopping
Look at the pictures and answer the questions by using “was/were + doing”. What was your sister doing at the time of the rainstorm?
She was reading at home.
She was reading.
What was your brother doing at the time of the rainstorm?
He He _____________________. was doing his homework.
What was your father doing at the time of the rainstorm?
He was ____________________. playing basketball
1c Talk about what the people in 1a were doing at the time of the rainstorm.
A: What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm? B: She was…
2a Listen and number
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