定语从句 - 搜狗百科
&&历史版本
该版本已锁定
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（或关系）引出。
　定语从句及相关术语 　　1.从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为，一般紧跟在它所修饰的后面。　　2.关系词：引导定语的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。　　注：关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。　　4.定语：定语用来限定、修饰或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外，名词，代词，数词，，副词，不定式以及也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作。
　　一、关系代词　　1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“＋”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 　　2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢　　3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that　　4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。　　二、关系副词　　关系副词=介词+关系代词　　why=for which　　where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)　　when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)　　1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。　　2. when引导定语从句表示时间［注］值得一提的是，表示时间“time&一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。 　　By the time you arrive in London,
have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap,
etc。　　3. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.即：从先行词向后译可以翻译为（……的……）就用whose。　　4. 当从句的是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导　　There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
　　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 　　1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 　　2.当先行词是专有名词或和所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。　　3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句要用单数，例如：　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。　　4. 有时as也可用作关系代词　　5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,whose代表事物.；
　　1.who指人在从句中做主语　　(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.　　(2) terday I helped an old man who lost his way.　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）　　(1)
Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.　　(2) Mr.
is just the boy whom I want to see.　　(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.　　注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。　　如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 　　如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.　　3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略　　(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.　　(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 　　4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。　　在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。　　(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.　　(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?　　5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语　　(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.　　(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替　　(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.　　(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.　　(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?　　(6) Do you like the book
of which is yellow?
　　介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时　　从句常由介词+关系代词引导　　(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.　　(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.　　(3)
I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.　　(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.　　(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.　　(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.　　注意：1. 含有介词的一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等　　(1) This is the watch which/that
looking for. (T＝正确)　　(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F＝错误)　　2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose　　(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)　　(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)　　(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)　　(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)　　3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词　　(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.　　(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.　　(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
关系代词　　关系代词（一般情况下）that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语，谓语动词的宾语，但是不能做介词的宾语　　which指物，在从句中作主语，谓语或宾语；　　who在从句中作主语；　　whom在从句中宾语；　　where在从句中修饰表地点的名词，做地点状语；　　when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词，做时间状语；　　why在从句中做原因状语，先行词通常是&reason&　　有时why也可用for+which代替。　　例：A doctor is a person who looks after people&s health.　　________ ___ ________ ____________　　先行词 主语 谓语 宾语　　|________________________|　　定语从句修饰先行词
　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语　　(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.　　(2) The time when we got together finally came.　　2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语　　(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.　　(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.　　3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语　　(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.　　(2) n’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.　　注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换　　(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,　　(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.　　(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
　　方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：　　　This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.　　　I&ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.　　　判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）　　　（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.　　　（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.　　　（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.　　　（对） I&ll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.　　　习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 　　方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?　　　A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. 　　例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?　　A. where　B. that　C. on which　D. the one答案：　　例1 D，例2 A　　例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 　　在句1中，is后应跟，只有the one可以，而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。　　而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。　　　关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 　　先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
　　1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。　　2）that前不能有介词。　　3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的&介词+关系词&结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。　This is the house in which I lived two years ago.　　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.　　　Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?　　　Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 　　This is the reason why he came late.　　This is the reason for which he came late.
　　1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.　(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)　2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了，是。因为定语从句一定要有先行词，而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后，才是定语从句，先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。
　　由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one&s health.　　　The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　　　典型例题　　1） received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.　　A. it　B. that　C. which　D. he　　　答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。　　2）The weather turned out
very good, ___ was more than we could expect.　　A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it　　　答案B。　　which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在上行不通。　　3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..　　A. that　B. which　C. as　D. it　　　答案B. 　　as 和which在引导时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：　　　(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。　　　(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。　　　在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。　　As 的用法例　　1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。　　　I have got into the same trouble as he (has).　　例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有&正如&。　　　As we know, smoking is harmful to one&s health.　　　As is known, smoking is harmful to one&s health.　　　As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；　　例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 　　一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分　　1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如：　　My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.　　在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.　　2. 动词短语先行成分　　这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。　　3. 句子作先行成分　　这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。　　二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置　　由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：　　1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。　　2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。　　3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。　　三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能　　一般说来，as与which的语义功能相同，可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时，它们的语义功能则有差异。　　1. 表示结果　　表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系，从句中往往使用有结果意义的词，如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。　　2. 表示评注　　表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向，它通常与那些表示客观事实，普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用；从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语，如natural, known to all, usual等。　　3. 有无状语意义 　　“as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义（主要是方式状语意义），而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致，“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。　　四、关系代词as与which的句法功能　　1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。　　as作主语时，谓语动词常为（主要是be, seem），主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时，系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于（其中助动词be常略），不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少，常见的有happen一词。如：　　Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.　　Which作主语时，谓语动词不限，主语被动皆可，只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。　　2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。　　3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如：　　We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.　　“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓，“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。　　如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语，关系代词用which而不用as。如：　　He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.　　4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。　　which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语，修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义，有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如：　　I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.
　　1.不用that的情况　　　(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.　　　(b) 介词后不能用。　　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.　　　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.　　2.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况　　　(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。　　　(b)在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。　　　(c)先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。　　　(d)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.　　　(e)先行词既有人，又有物时。　　(f)先行词指物，在主句中作表语时。　　(g)为了避免重复。　　(h)先行词是the way时　　举例：　　Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？　　Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．　　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。　　　Finally, the thier handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
　（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况　　1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时。　　(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?　　(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.　　(3) All that can be done has been done.　　(4) There is little that I can do .　　注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。　　注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who　　(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.　　2. 当先行词被序数词修饰　　
The first place that they visited in London was the Big .　　3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时　　
This is the best film that I have seen.　　4. 当形容词被the very, the only，the same,the last 修饰时　　(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,　　(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.　　当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who　　(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？　　5. 当先行词前面有who, which等时　　(1) Who is the man that is standing there?　　(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?　　6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时　　
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?　（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：　　1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。　　(1) He married her, as/which was natural.　　(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.　　2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思　　(1) As is known to all,
is a developing country.　　(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.　　(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.　　(4) He has been to
more than several times, which I don’t believe.　　注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which　　(5)
was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.　　3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常用as　　(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.　　(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.　　(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同　　(4)
wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 　　她穿着她在婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。　　(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。　(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。　　(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.　(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句　　(1) There are very few but understand his idea. 　　( but= who don’t )　(五) 区分定语从句和　　1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系　　(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句　　(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句　　2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分。　　(1) The news he told me is true.　　(2) The news that he has just died is true.　　(3) The problem that
facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语　　(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.　　3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以　　(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 　　(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.　　(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.　　(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 　　 定语从句专项练习题及详解50题 1.The place _______interested me most was the Children&s Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year ______the
Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day ______I&ll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory ______we&ll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who&s C. which D. whose 14.I&m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isn&t such a man ______he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, ______we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went
19.I don&t like ______ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.You&re the only person ______ ever met ______could do it. A./ B./; whom C./ D./; who 24.I lost a book, ______I can&t remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. which B. when C. that D. when 28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason ______he didn&t come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason ______he didn&t come was ______he was ill. A. that B.why C.that D.what 32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way ______I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. ---
you ask the guard _______ happened? --- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew. A. that B. what C. which D. that 42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on . A. who B. which C. that D. which 43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing. A. are B. is C. is D. are 44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house. A. what B. what C. what D. that 47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析 1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。 2．C. &和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。 6．C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。 8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了the，则the one应该视为先行词。 9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。 10. A. with which是&介词+关系代词&结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有&用&的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导. 15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语. 16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语. 17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语. 18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming. 19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰. 20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that. 21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语. 22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers. 23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which 25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for &以……..而闻名&. 26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语. 27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。 29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句. 31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。 32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 33. A. 解释见28题. 34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句. 35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语. 36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义. 37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题. 39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句. 41. A. what happened是. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that. 42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句. 43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。 44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。 45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。 46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。 47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。 48. A. 解释见35题。 49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。 50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1,who, whom, that　　这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下：　　(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）　　(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）　　（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 2,Whose 用来指人或物　　(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换，指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替）　　(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。　　(2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。　　(3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。 3,which, that　　它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如：　　(1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在从句中作主语）　　(2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语）　　4,as　　as 可以做主语，也可以作宾语，作宾语时一般不省略，指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。　　5，as与which的区别　　①as可以放在句首，而which不行　　②as表示主观，which表示客观事实　　③as引导非限制性定语从句
关系代词　　关系代词：在句中作、或
but，as，than作关系代词引导定语从句时，&特殊&在哪里？
but既可指人，也可指物，常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身含&否定&的意思，其作用相当于&that ／which ／who．．．not&。它前面的主句通常有&否定&的词（如：no，not， little，few，hardly等）。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。例如： 　　There is no mother but loves her own children．（＝There is no mother that／who does not love her own children．）没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。
as既可指人，也可指物，常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as ／such ／the same等修饰词。例如：
①He is as brave a man as ever lived．他是世界上最勇敢的人。
②Don’t read such books as are not worth reading．不要读那些不值得读的书。 　　as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如：
① Taiwan，as we all know，is an inseparable part of China．
②As we all know，Taiwan is an inseparable part of China．
③Taiwan is an inseparable part of China， as we all know． 　
than既可指人，也可指物，可作关系代词来引导定语从句。than前通常有表比较的词。例如： 　　Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party．来参加晚会的朋友比我们预料的还要少。　　在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时，还要注意区分下列两个词组： 　　1．&such．．．that．．．&表&如此……以致……&的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而&such．．．as．．．&表&像……这（那）样&的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语等。试比较下列两个句子：
① He is such an honest man that we respect him．他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。
② He is such an honest man as we respect．他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。 　　2．&the same．．．that．．．&表同一人或物，而&the same．．．as．．．&表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：
①This is the same book that I lost．这就是我丢失的那一本书。（指同一本书）
②This is the same book as I lost．我丢失的那一本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）}