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大耳朵英语 & |2016年职称英语考试用书理工类教材ABC类_学霸学习网
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2016 年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）-------目录红色字体部分为新增部分（跟 2015 年理工教材比较） 目录说明： 本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于 C 级考试水平， 供报考 C 级 考试的学员阅读；标有“*”的文章相当于 B 级考试水平；标有“+” 的文章，相当于 A 级考试水平。我们希望，报考 B 级的学员同时阅读 未加标注的文章，报考 A 级的学员同时阅读标有“*”的文章。目录第一部分 词汇选项 词汇 1-10?????????????????????????.. 第二部分 阅读判断 第一篇 Inventor of LED???????????????? 第二篇 E1 Nino???????????????? 第三篇 Smoking???????????????? 第四篇 Engineering Ethics???????????????? 第五篇 Recue Platform???????????????? 第六篇 *Microchip Research Center Created???????? 第七篇 *Moderate Earthquake Strikes England???????? 第八篇 *What is a dream???????????????? 第九篇 *Dangers Await Babies with Altitude???????? 第十篇 *The Biology of Music???????????????? 第十一篇 +Bill Gates: Unleashing YourCreativity???????? 第十二篇 +Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake 第十三篇 +The Northern Lights???????????????? 第十四篇 +Stage Fright???????????????? 第十五篇 +Image Martian Dust Particles?????????? 第三部分 概括大意和完成句子 第一篇 More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing 第二篇 Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination???????? 第三篇 Icy Microbes???????????????? 第四篇 Compact Disks???????????????? 第五篇 LED Lighting???????????????? 第六篇 How We Form First Impression??????????? 第七篇 Screen Test???????????????? 第八篇 The Mir Space Station???????? 第九篇 More Rural Research Is Needed???????? 第十篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language???????? 第十一篇 *The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World第十二篇 *A Strong Greenhouse Gas???????? 第十三篇 +Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu 第十四篇 +The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen???????? 第十五篇 +Maglev Trains???????????????? 第四部 阅读理解 第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles???????? 第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 第三篇 Citizen Scientists???????????????? 第四篇 Motoring Technology???????? 第五篇 Late-Night Drinking???????? 第六篇 Making Light of Sleep…………………… 第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones???????? 第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful???????? 第九篇 An Essential Scientific Process （2015 年新增） ??????? 第十篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers?????? 第十一篇 When Our Eyes Serve our Stomach???????? 第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass???????? 第十三篇 Invisibility Ring???????? 第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers 第十五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly???????? 第十六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth *第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet *第十八篇 Thirst for Oil *第十九篇 Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience *第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep *第二十一篇 Plant Gas *第二十二篇 Real-World Robots（2015 年新增） *第二十三篇 Powering a City? It&#39;s a Breeze. *第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe *第二十五篇 Eat to Live *第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently *第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction *第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories *第二十九篇 I’ll Be Bach *第三十篇 Digital Realm *第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina *第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine *第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive +第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses +第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work +第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning +第三十七篇 &Don&#39;t Drink Alone& Gets New Meaning +第三十八篇 &Life Form Found& on Saturn&#39;s Titan +第三十九篇 Clone Farm+第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming +第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources +第四十三篇 Forecasting Methods +第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed +第四十五篇 Small But Wise +第四十六篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as &Ecosystem Engineers& +第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong +第四十八篇 Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright +第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars +第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities 第五部分 补全短文 第一篇 Mobile phones 第二篇 Baby Talk（2016 年新增） 第三篇 Common Questions about Dreams（2016 年新增） 第四篇 The BilingualBrain 第五篇 A Record-breaking Rover （2015 年新增） *第六篇 The Apgar Test（2016 年新增） *第七篇 Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job（2016 年新增） *第八篇 Watching Microcurrents Flow *第九篇 Lightening Strikes（2015 年新增） *第十篇 How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear +第十一篇 Virtual Driver +第十二篇 Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills +第十三篇 Primer on Smell（2016 年新增） +第十四篇 Robotic Highway Cones +第十五篇 A Memory Drug？ 第六部分 完型填空 第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow Legend 第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety 第三篇 Giant Structures 第四篇 Animal&#39;s &Sixth Sense& 第五篇 Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind *第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely *第七篇 An Intelligent Car *第八篇 Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures *第九篇 Wonder Webs *第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness +第十一篇 +第十二篇 +第十三篇 +第十四篇 +第十五篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Sharks Perform a Service for Earth&#39;s Waters “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage第一部分 词汇第一部分词汇选项下面共有 10组词汇学习，每一组词汇学习有 15道小题。在每 道题的句子里都有 1个词或短语划有底横线。 请在 4个选项中找出与加底线的词 或短语意义昀相近的一项。 词汇学习 1： 1. Will you please call my husband as soon as possible? A contact B consult C phone D visit2. We’ll give every teacher space to develop. A chance B employment C room D opportunity3. I have to go at once. A soon B immediately C now D early4. The policeman asked him to identify the thief. A name B distinguish C capture D separate5. We were all there when the accident occurred. A happened B broke C spread D appeared6. It took me exactly a week to complete the work. A do B achieve C improve D finish7. The herb medicine eventually cured her disease. A nicely B apparently C finally D naturally8. We had a long conversation about her parents.A talkB speechC debateD discussion9. Please let me know if you are unable to attend the meeting. A go to B prepare for C speak to D do to10. He have made up his mind to give up smoking. A tried B attempted C agreed D decided11. Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams. A calculation assessment 12. We have to put up with her behavior. A tolerate B accept C swallow D take B computation C consideration D13. They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning. A ended B abandoned C built D strengthen14. I seldom watch TV. A rarely B frequently C normally D occasionally15. The dentist has decided to take out the girl’s bad tooth. A dig B draw C pull D extract词汇学习 2：?1. America’s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research. A encouraged B endangered C endorsed Denlarged*2. Photojournalist Margaret White became famous for her coverage ofsignificant events during the Second World War. A baggage B orphanage C reportage D usage3. Below 600 feet ocean waters range from dimly lit to completely dark. A inadequately*B hardlyCfaintlyD sufficiently4. “I’m not meddling,” Mary said mildly. “I’m just curious.” B shyly C weakly D sweetlyA gently5. In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states would break away from the Union. A strange B certain C inconsistent D proper6. Many of novelist Carson McCullers’ characters are isolated, disappointed people. A solitary B gloomy C feeble D frugal7. The workers finally called off the strike. A put off B ended C cancelled D participated in8. John ha made up his mind not to go to the meeting. A wanted B promised C decided D agreed9. I catch cold now and then. A always B occasionally C constantly D regularly10. He often finds fault with my work. A criticizes B praises C evaluates D talks about11. The little girl grasped her mother’s arm as she crossed the street. A understood left hold of 12. In judging our work you should take into consideration the fact that we have been very busy recently. A thought*B had a hold overC took hold ofDB mindCaccountD memory13. I can no longer tolerate his actions. A put up with B accept C takeD suffer from 14. The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. A left B given up C turned down D refused15. Have you talked to her lately? A lastly B shortly C recently D immediately词汇学习 3：?1. Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A expressive+B physicalCexaggeratedD dubious2. Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed. B store C utilize D receiveA convert3. Many residents of apartment complexes object to noisy neighbors, A managers*B occupantsC landlordsD caretakers4. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatlyincreased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A continuously exceptionally*B quicklyCexcessivelyD5. Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches. B diagnose C evaporate D cureA disrupt?6. John Hanson helped draft instructions for Maryland’s delegates to the Stamp Act Congress. A clarify B formulate C revise D contribute7. Practically all species of animals communicate either through sounds or through a large repertory of soundless codes. A Simultaneously B Almost C Absolutely D Basically8. Sulphur has occasionally been found in the earth in an almost pure state. 9. A regularly successfully 9. When doves are about two weeks old, they are covered with grey feathers and are ready to try their wings. A grow B wrap C hide D test B accidentally C sometimes D10. I rarely wear a raincoat because I spend most of my time in a car. A normally*B seldomCcontinuouslyD usuallyl l. When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. B suddenly C firmly D quicklyA willingly?12. The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth. A take out B repair C pull D dig13. You must shine your shoes. A lighten*B cleanC washD polish14. The majority of people around here are decent people. B rich C good-looking D high-rankingA honest15. A deadly disease has affected these animals. A contagious 词汇学习 4： 1. Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest quality. A demand B rely on C prepare for D create B serious C fatal D worrying2. Since the Great Depression, the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain prices. A slight B surprising C sudden D harmful3. Cement was seldom used in building, during the Middle Ages. A crudely B rarely C originally D symbolically4. Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hour. A velocities B impulses C ratios D atrocities5. The poet William Carlos Williams was a New Jersey physician. A doctor B professor C physicist D resident6. Medicine depends on other fields for basic information, particularly some of their specialized brunches. A conventionally inevitably We shall take the treasure away to a safe place. A clean B pretty C distant D secure B obviously C especially D8. An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service, a branch of the Department of State. A a unity B a division C an embassy D aninvasion *9. The child’s abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor. A had B frightening C repeated D unusual+10. There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this country. A meager +11. In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production. A step up B decrease C stop D control a steady B a plentiful C an extra D a+12. Gas does accumulate in the mines around here. A increase B spread C collect D grow13. Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointments.AassignBpersuadeCaskDorder*14. Her behavior is extremely childish. A simple B immature C beautiful D foolish+15. We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert land.AhairlessBbareCemptyDbald词汇学习 5： 1. They have been living under the most appalling conditions for two years.AdreadfulBbadCunpleasantDpoor2. I wasn’t qualified for the job really but I got it anyhow. A besides B anyway C well D anymore3. He achieved success through hard work. A reached B reaped C attained D took4. The standards set four years ago in Seoul will be far below the athletes’ capabilities now. A capacities abilities 5. The army should have operated in conjunction with the fleet to raid the enemy’s coast. A together B in succession C in alliance D B strengths C possibilities Din connection 6. His claims seem credible to many people. A workable B convincing C practical D reliable7. Jack is a diligent worker. A ambitious B lazy C杰克是一个勤奋的员工。 hardworking D clever8. Society is now much more diverse than ever before. A colorful varied +9. Their interpretation was faulty. A wrong unbelievable +10. These old buildings are gorgeous. A ridiculous peculiar 11. Contact your doctor if the cough persists. A insists B perseveres C continues D resists B lovely C magnificent D B ambiguous C unclear D B attractive C flexible 灵活的 D12. The powers of the European Commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing. A fight+B abolishC removeD control13. They scattered after dinner. B fled C departed D spreadA separated+14. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just ridiculous. B point of view C knowledge D opinionA position+15. The story was touching. B boring C moving D frighteningA inspiring 词汇学习 6：*1. With immense relief, I stopped running. B enormous C little D extensiveA much2. The scientists began to accumulate a huge mass of data. A build up B put up C make up D dear up3. When Jack eventually overtook the last truck he pulled over to the inside lane. A skipped B passed C reached D led4. Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. A possible B profitable C easy D wise*5. Data from Voyager Ⅱ have presented astronomers with a puzzle about why our outermost planet exists. A problem B mystery C question D point6. He rolled up his trouser leg to exhibit his wounded knee. A spread B open C show D examine7. Why can’t you stop your eternal complaining! A everlasting+B longC monotonousD lengthy8. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South. B draws C writes D introducesA describes+9. The telephone system is no longer operative. B moving C rotating D workingA running+10. Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A+shakenBfallenC damagedDtrembled11. The latest car model embodies many new improvements. B includes C makes up D marksA consists of+12. Thick clouds obscured the stars from view. B held C blackened D preventA darkened+13. The parents have to restrain their daughter from running out intothe street. A disallow B reduce C prevent D confine+14. The discovery was sensational. A sexy B surprising C exceptional D exciting+15. After supper we usually take a stroll around the park for about an hour. A walk B rest C bath D breath词汇学习 7： 1. Loud noises can be annoying. A hateful B painful C horrifying D irritating2. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified. A sufficiently B noticeably C intentionally D absolutely3. The Constitution’s vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change. A imprecise B concise C unpolished D elementary4. The expedition reached the summit at 10: 30 that morning. A top of the mountain D site+Bbottom of the mountainC starting point5. The latest census is encouraging. count B statement C agreement D estimateA+6. Academic records from other institutions often become part of auniversity’s official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated. A borrowed B purchased C copied D rewritten7. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970’s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems. A list*BforbidC handleD investigate8. Gambling is lawful in Nevada. B irresistible C enjoyable D profitableA legal*9. They always mock me because I am ugly. B look down on C belittle D laugh atA smile at*10. These are our motives for doing it. B arguments C targets D stimuliA reasons*11. It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed,notably in the pensions area. A noticeably B remarkably C particularly D significantly*12. His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married. A forgotten B failed C deleted D left out+13. Many of their ideas are being incorporated into orthodox medicaltreatment. A acceptable+B conservativeC westernD conventional14. Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous. B unacceptable C unbelievable D ridiculousA unheard of15. Guests were scared when the bomb exploded. A frightened 词汇学习 8：+B killedCendangeredD rescued1. Philip Roth was hailed as a major new author in 1960. B challenged C acclaimed D guidedA published2. He was one of the principal organizers of the association. A planners+B employeesC actorsD recipients3. It is postulated that population trends have an effect on economicfluctuations. A challenged+B assumedC deductedD decreed4. This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so manyare being killed for their fur. A drying up transplanted+C being exportedB dying outD being5. The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were.A slow+B noisyC suddenD jumpy6. During the Second World War, all important resources in the U. S. wereallocated by the federal government. A nationalized*B commandeeredC taxedD distributed7. The little boy was so fascinated by the mighty river that he wouldspend hours sitting on its bank and gazing at the passing boats and rafts. A very strong*B very longC very greatD very fast8. The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be moreauthentically regional than those of Bret Harte. A elegantly+B genuinelyC intentionallyD thoroughly9. The number of the United States citizens who are eligible to votecontinues to increase. A encouraged B enforced C expected D entitled10. Formulated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to EuropeanA stated firmly light-mindedlyC thought seriously D announced regrettablyBargued11. Smoking is not permitted in the office. A probable B possible C admitted D allowed12. The chairman proposed that we should stop the meeting.AstatedBdeclaredCsuggestedDannounced13. I feel regret about what’s happened. A sorry disheartened 14. She has proved that she can be relied on in a crisis. B disappointed C shameful DAlived on believed inBdepended onClived offD15. John removed his overcoat. A off 词汇学习 9： 1. Although originally a German innovation, kindergarten got its real start in the United States as a movement to provide an improved learning environment for children. A an easy B a playful C an open D a took Away B left aside C took off D washedbetter 2. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance. A beats announces 3. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War. A demanded B elicited C extracted D defied B matches C maintains D*4. Illinois has produced writers such as Carl Sandburg, gangsters suchas Al Capone, and architects such as Louis Sullivan. A violent criminals D industrialists 5. The towers of a suspension bridge serve as n rigid framework to which the cables are attached. A boundary material*B politiciansC musiciansB skeletonCenclosureD6. The use of the chemical may present a certain hazard to the laboratoryworkers. A protection danger*B indicationC immunityD7. Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics. B function C attraction D miracleA error*8. The development of the transistor and integrated circuitsrevolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more densely. A compactly carefully 9. The leading astronomers of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were fascinated by cornets. A intrigued inclined B infected C inconvenienced D B inexpensively C quickly D+10. In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introducedhumor, protested social injustice, and probed psychological problems.A solvedBexploredCinvolvedDdisputed11. They agreed to settle the dispute by peaceful means.AsolveBdetermineCuntieDcomplete+12. The children trembled with fear when they saw the policeman.AweptBcriedCranDshook13. We were shocked to find that Mary didn’t know her guest’s name.AfrustratedBdisturbedCrelievedDsurprised+14. We have got to abide by the rules.Astick toBpersist inCsafeguardDapply+15. The river widens considerably as it begins to turn east.AextendsBstretchesCbroadensDtraverses词汇学习 10：+1. It was hard to say why the man deserved such shabby treatment. A unforgettable unthinkable 2. The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. A difficult B worried C anxious D unhappy B unbelievable C unfair D3. It is said that the houses along this street will soon be demolished. A pulled down whitewashed 4. The advertising company was surprised by the adverse public reaction to the poster. A delayed B quick C positive D unfavorable B rebuilt C renovated D5. He began his talk by giving a concise definition of post-modernism. A long and detailed professional 6. The staff of the company are always courteous and helpful. A efficient B respectable C well-informed D respectful C comprehensive B short and clear D7. The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. A simply useless extremely useful 8. The whole idea to build a deluxe hotel here sounds insane to me. A reasonable B sensible C crazy D unbelievable C every little B really practical D9. In his two-hour-long lecture he made an exhaustive analysis of theissue. A extremely thorough unconvincing+C superficialB long and boringD10. We all think that the new device he has proposed is ingenious. B clever C implausible D originalA effective+11. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to applyfor it. A competitive+B diligentC qualifiedD competent12. He impressed all his colleagues as a vigorous man in the prime ofhis career. A hot-tempered B healthy C friendly D patient13. Not all member states abided by the principle they had agreed on previously. A adhered to B abandoned C applied D adopted14. Examination papers of the class were marked without bias. A immediately B correctly C fairly D carefully15. The construction of the railway is said to have been terminated. A resumed B put an end to C suspended D re-scheduled答案与题解：词汇学习 1： 1. C call 或 call up：打电话。 phone 或 phone up：打电话。又如： Did Mary phone me (me) last night？昨晚玛丽给我打电话了吗 ? contact：接触。 Iregularly contact her. 我经常跟她接触。 consult：商量。 I often consult him about my research work. 我经常跟他商量我的研究工作。 visit：拜访。 如： Mary visited me last night. 昨晚玛丽来看了我。2. C space：空间。room：空间。又如：I’d like to bring the child with me if there is room in the car. chance ：机会。每个人都有上学的机会。 employment： 就业； 职业。 opportunity： 机会。 The government has been trying hard to provide adequate employment opportunities. 政府为提供充分的就 业机会而竭尽全力。 3. B at once：马上。 Immediately：马上。又如： It’s getting late. Wemust go back home immediately. 越来越晚了，我们得马上回家。 soon：很快。 We’ll have lunch soon. 我们很快就要吃中饭了。 now：现在。 If we leave now we’ll be there before dark. 如果我们现在就离开，我们在天黑前就到 那里了。 early：早。 Mary gets up very early.玛丽起得很早。 4. A identify：认出；说出。又如： the light is too dim for me to identifyher. 光线太暗，我无法认出她来。 Can you name these flowers? 你能说得出 这些花名吗？ distinguish：区分。There is not much to distinguish her from the other candidates.很难把她与其他的后选人区别开来。 capture： 抓住。 The policemen have captured the rebel leader. 警察已经抓住了叛乱分子的头目。 separate： 分开来。 It is not always possible to separate cause from effect. 并不总是能把原因与结果分开来的。 5. A occur:发生。 happen:发生。 又如: His death occurred the following year.他次年就死了。 I can remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. 我记得整个事情如同发生在昨天一样。 break:碎；断。 break out:突然发生。 The economic crisis broke out first in the US.经济危机首先在美国发生。 appear:出现。 A smile gradually appeared on her face.微笑逐渐浮现在她 的脸上。 6. D complete:完成。finish:完成。又如 : The scientists have completedtheir investigation.科学家已经完成了调查。 do:做。 The students have done their homework.学生已经做完了作业。 achieve:取得；达到。 He worked very hard to achieve a balanced budget. 为了实现平衡预算他玩命工作。 improve: 改善。Their working conditions have to be improved.他们的工作条件必须 改善。 7. C eventually:昀终。finally:昀终。又如: It was a long journey, but we eventually arrived. 路程很长，不过，我们昀终还是到达了。 She finally gained control of her husband. 她昀终控制住了她的丈夫。 apparently:很 明显。如 : Apparently you&#39;re sick.很显然你病了。 naturally:自然地。 She can speak English very naturally.她说英语说得很自然。 8. A conversation: 谈话。 talk: 谈话；报告。又如 : We had a very longtelephone conversation yesterday.昨天我们在电话里说得很多。 She gave us a talk about Chinese culture. 她给我们作了一个关于中国文化的报告。 speech:谈话；讲演。 The expert delivered a speech at the meeting held yesterday. 那位专家在昨天的会上作了讲演。 debate: 辩论。 The cause of global warming is still open to debate. 全球变暖的原因仍然可以讨论。 discussion:讨论。Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗？9. Aattend:参加。go to:参加。又如 : We all attended the conference onglobalization.我们都参加了关于全球化的大会。 We’ll go to her birthday party tomorrow.我们明天去参加她的生日聚会。 prepare for:做准备。 Will you help me prepare for the wedding ceremony?你能帮我准备婚礼仪式吗？ speak to:跟??说话；给??作报告。 You must speak to him. He doesn’t listen to me.你得跟他谈谈了，他不听我的。 do to:对某 人做了??。 What did you do to her?你对她做了些什么？ 10. D make up one’s mind:打定主意，决心。 decide:决定。又如 : Susan has made up her mind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心 已下，不管发生什么，都将跟约翰在一起。 He decided not to do that.他决 定不干那件事。 try:设法。 We are all trying to improve our English . 我们正设法提高我们的英语水平。 attempt:试图。 We attempted to quit smoking, but failed.我们试图戒烟，但没有成功。 agree:同意。They might not agree with her opinion.他们可能不同意她的意见。 11. C account：考虑。 consideration：考虑。又如： These figures do not take into account changes in the rate of inflation. 这些数字并没有把通 货膨胀率的变化考虑在内。 The Department of Human Resources will take into consideration your teaching experience when deciding your salary. 人事 处在决定你的工资时是会考虑你的教学经验的。 calculation：计算。 Susan looked at the bill and made some rapid calculations. 苏珊看了一下账单， 很快算了算。 computation：计算。He is good at computation.他计算能力很 好。 assessment：估计。 What’s your assessment of the situation in Iraq? 你对伊拉克的形势是怎么估计的？12. A put up with:忍耐。tolerate:忍耐。又如： I don’t know how you put up with their constant quarrelling. 他们经常吵架，我不知道你是怎么忍得 住的。 The workers cannot tolerate the long hours.工人无法忍受长时间的 工作。 accept:接受。Will you accept our invitation? 你会接受我们的邀请 吗？ swallow:吞下。 Her excuse was obviously a lie, but Jack swallowed it whole. 她的理由明显是骗人的，但是杰克全盘接受。 take:拿；取。You can take anything you like. 喜欢的东西你随便拿。 13. B give up:放弃。 abandon:放弃。Mary has given up the hope of ever marrying.玛丽已经放弃了结婚的希望。 Fearing further attacks, most of the population have abandoned the city.害怕城市进一步受到攻击，大多数人已 经离开。 end:结束。The government acted to end a bakers’ strike in the city.政府采取行动结束了城里面包师傅的罢工。 build:建立；加强。 Tension is building between the two nations. 两 国 之 间 的 紧 张 关 系 正 在 上 升 。 strengthen:加强。Our friendship has steadily strengthened over the years. 几年来我们的友谊有了持续的增进。 14. A seldom: 很少。 rarely: 很少。又如 : She seldom wears black shoes. 她很少穿黑鞋。 She rarely eats pork.她很少吃猪肉。 frequently:常常。The weak child falls sick frequently.这个瘦弱的孩子常常要生病。 normally: 通 常 。 I normally stay at home in the evening. 晚 上 我 通 常 在 家 。 occasionally:偶尔地。My brother and I occasionally visit our parents in the countryside.哥哥和我偶尔去乡下看我们的父母。 15. D take out:取出；带出。 extract:取出；抽出。 We’ll take our kidsout for a meal next week.下周我们要带孩子出去吃饭。 The nuts are crushedto extract the oil from them.干果压碎后就能榨取油。 dig:挖。The thief escaped by digging an underground tunnel.盗贼是通过挖一条地道逃走的。 draw:抽，取。 The corrupt official drew a large sum of money from a bank before he left the country.这个贪官在离开国家之前从一家银行取走了一大 笔钱。 pull:拉。Jack tried to pull the drawer open.杰克试图拉开抽屉。 词汇学习 2: 1. A spur:促进， 激励。 encourage 跟它的意思相近： 鼓励， 促进。 Public apathy encourages corruption in government.公众的冷漠助长政府的腐败。 endanger:危及，危害。 They claim that the herbicide they are using will not endanger human life.他们声 称，他们使用的除草剂不会危害人们的生命。 endorse: 签名，批准。 The application was endorsed by the committee.申请书已由委员会批准。 enlarge: 扩大，放大。 The UN secretary-general yesterday recommended an enlarged peacekeeping force.昨天联合国秘书长提议扩大维和部队。 2. C coverage:覆盖（的区域、范围 )。此处指新闻报道的范围。 reportage: 新闻报道。注意： reportage 在这个句子中可以替代 coverage，但并不意味着 任何时候都可以替换。 baggage:行李(不可数 )。a piece of baggage:一件行 李。英国英语一般用 luggage。 orphanage:孤儿身份，孤儿院。 usage:使用， 用法。That phrase has gone out of usage.那短语已不为大家所用。 3. C dimly 昏暗地。 lit:此处是 light (照亮)的过去分词，也有人把它叫做 形容词。 a dimly lit lane:一条昏暗的胡同。 faintly:暗淡地，微弱地，与 dimly 意思相近。 inadequately:不足地。 hardly:几乎不。 I can hardly hear him.我几乎听不到他说话。 sufficiently:充分地，足够地。4. A mildly:温和地；适度地。 gently:温和地，有教养地。“ I’m sorry to disturb you,” Mary said gently.玛丽有礼貌地说：“对不起，打扰你了。” shyly:害羞地；胆怯地。 The children are smiling shyly.那些儿童腼腆地笑 着。 weakly:虚弱地，微弱地。 She smiled weakly at the reporters.她对记 者微笑。 sweetly:舒适地；甜蜜地。 The girl smiled sweetly at her friends. 女孩对她的朋友笑得很甜蜜。 5. B inevitable:不可避免的，必然要发生的。 certain:肯定的，必然的，与 inevitable 意思相近。 It is almost certain that the government will lose the next election.差不多可以肯定，政府在下届选举中要失败。 strange:奇 怪的。 inconsistent:不一致的。 proper:合适的，得体的。 6. A isolated:孤立的，与世隔绝的。 solitary 跟它的意思比较接近：独居的， 单个的。 John has been living a solitary life.约翰一直过着独居的生活。 又如： She was the most solitary person on earth.她是世界上昀孤独的人。 gloomy:阴郁的，忧闷的。 She is feeling gloomy, so go and cheer her up. 她感到忧闷，去安慰安慰她。feeble:虚弱的，无力的。 a feeble old man：虚 弱的老人。 frugal:节俭的。 7. C call off:停止， 取消。 Cancel:取消。 Why was the baseball game cancelled yesterday? 为什么昨天的棒球比赛取消了 ? put off:推迟。They decided to put off the meeting until after Christmas.他们决定会议推迟到圣诞节后举 行。 end:结束。The government acted to end a bakers strike in the city. 政府采取行动结束城里面包师傅的罢工。 Participate in: 参加。 Did you participate in the discussion?你参加讨论了吗？ 8. C make up one’s mind:打定主意，下定决心。又如: Susan has made up hermind that, come what may, she will stay with John.苏珊决心已下 ,不管发 生什么事，都将跟约翰待在一起。 decide:决定。He decided not to do that. 他决定不干那件事。 want:想。I can study any subject you want to.我能研 究你想研究的任何一个课题。Promise:许诺。You’ve got to promise me that you won’t do that again.你得答应我不再干那种事。 agree:同意。 They might not agree with his opinion.他们可能不同意他的意见。 9. B now and then: 里面，偶尔。 occasionally:时而，偶尔。 always:经常。 We have always done it in this way.我们经常这么干。 constantly:不断地。 She is constantly changing her mind.她老是改变主意。注意：动词进行体跟 constantly，always 等表达“反复”意义的副词搭配时动词动作具有反复性。 这种搭配表达说 话人对某人的某种行为的不满， 具有强烈的感情色彩。下面这句话是不带感情色 彩的客观报道:She constantly changes her mind.她常常改变主意。 regularly: 经常地；定时地。 We do meet now and then, but not regularly.我们确实偶 尔见面，但不经常。 10. A find fault with:找??的岔子， 批评。 criticize 批评。 He seem to enjoy criticizing his colleagues.他似乎把批评他的同事看作是一种乐趣。 praise: 表扬。Our guests praised the meal as the best they had had for year 我 们的客人称赞这顿饭是他们多年来吃过的昀好的一顿。 evaluate:评价。 The scientists are evaluating the data.科学家们正在评估数据。 talk about: 谈论。 That’s all settled. It needn’t be talked about.此事已彻底解决， 无需再谈了。 11. C grasp:抓住。 take hold of:抓住，控制住。 Mother took hold of thebarking dogs by their collars.母亲抓住了这些汪汪直叫的狗的颈圈，把它们 制服了。 understand: 懂得，理解。 I don’t understand your attitude at all.我一点也不理解你的态度。 grasp 也有“懂得”的意思，但在该句中不是 这个意思。 have a hold over:控制；对??有影响。 The officer has kept a firm hold over the soldiers.那个军官一直紧紧地控制着士兵。 leave hold of: 放开。She left hold of his hand.她放开了他的手。 12. C take ? into consideration:把??考虑进去。 take ? into account: 把??考虑进去。 We must take local conditions into account.我们必须把 地区性的条件考虑进去。 thought: 思想，考虑。 This problem needs great thought 这个问题需要认真考虑。 mind:脑子，心。 Her mind is not entirely on her work.她的心不全在工作上。 memory:记忆。The photograph evoked her happy memories.这张照片激起了她幸福的回忆。 13. A tolerate:忍受。 put up with:忍受。If I were you, I wouldn’t putup with his behavior any longer.如果我是你，我不会忍受他的这种行为。 accept:接受。 I don’t think that they would accept my view.我认为他们 不会接受我的观点。 take 有很多的意义。 take action:采取行动，采取措施。 The government has promised to take swift action on the energy crisis. 政府许诺迅速采取措施解决能源危机。 suffer from:受??之苦。 He suffered from cold and hunger for some time.他一度饥寒交迫。 14. B abandon:放弃。give up:放弃。 She gave up her job to look after hersick mother. 为照顾有病的母亲，她放弃了工作。 turn down: 不接受。 The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours.公司否决了缩短工作 时间的建议。 refuse:拒绝.不接受。 He refused bribe.他拒绝了贿赂。15. C lately:昀近；近来。 recently:接近；近来。 I’ve only recently begun to learn English. 我只是昀近才开始学英语。 lastly: 昀后。 He gave many re lastly he said his car had broken down.他先是 说了一大堆迟到的理由，昀后还说他的车坏了。 shortly:一会儿，不久。 She kept a diary until shortly before her death.去世前不久她一直在记日记。 immediately:马上，立即。 I’ll answer his letter immediately.我会立即 给他回信。词汇学习 3： 1. B manual (手的； 体力的 )与 physical (身体的， 体力的 )意思相近。 Theirphysical strength was their pride.健壮的体魄是他们的骄傲。 expressive: 富于表情的。 He had an expressive face.他有一张表情丰富的脸。 exaggerated: 夸张的。 Everyone was listening to his vivid but exaggerated description or the event.每个人都在 听他对事件的生动但夸张的描述。 dubious: 怀疑的。 These goods are of dubious origin.这些东西的来路令人怀疑。 manual gestures 也可以说成 hand gestures (手势)。 2. C harness 此处与 utilise 意思相近： 利用。 More efficient ways to utilise wind energy and tidal power are being studied.人们正在研究更有效地利用 风能和潮汐能量的方法。 convert:转换。 A solar cell takes radiation from the sun and converts it into electricity.太阳能电池吸收太阳光线，并将 其转成电。 store:储存。 We hope to be able to store solar energy in the summer months and use it in winter.我们希望能够在夏天把太阳能储存起， 在冬天使用。 receive:接收，收到。 I received a letter from my brother. 我收到我弟弟的一封信。3. B resident: 居民，住户。与 occupant ( 居住者；占用者 ) 意思相近。 A 12-ycar-old boy and a dog were the sole occupants of the big house.这 所大房子里只住着一个十二岁的男孩和一条狗。 manager:经理；管理人。 All the managers agreed that this was a good idea.所有经理都认为这是个好主 意。 landlord:房东；地主。 The landlord doesn’t want to reduce the rent. 房东不打算降低房租。 caretaker:夜间看管空房子的人。 You should inform the caretakers of the changes to the alarm system.你应该让守夜的人知道 改变警报系统的事。 4. A steadily:稳定地。 在此句中有“稳步地， 不断地”的意思， 与 continuously (不断地)意思相近。 The volcano has been erupting continuously since March. 这座火山自三月起一直不断地喷发。 quickly:迅速地。 The boss wants us to finish the project more quickly than before.老板要我们比以前更快地完成 这个项目。 Excessively:过度地；过量地。 He laughed excessively, making us question his sincerity. 他 笑 得 太 过 分 了 ， 使 我 们 怀 疑 他 的 真 诚 。 exceptionally:例外地。 This October has been exceptionally wet.今年十 月雨下得出奇地多。 5. D remedy:治疗；补救。与 cure (治疗)是近义词。 Herbal medicine can beused to cure sleeplessness.中药可用来治疗失眠。 disrupt:破坏； 分裂。 They made several attempts to disrupt our meetings.他们屡次试图破坏我们的集 会。 diagnose:诊断。 Routine tests will diagnose the condition accurately. 常规检查会准确地诊断病情。 evaporate:蒸发； 使脱水。 Heat evaporate water 热使水蒸发。 6. B draft:起草，设计。与 formulate (制定)意思相近。 We will formulatea policy that will promote rather than hinder peace.我们将制定一项促进 和平而不是阻碍和平的政策。 clarify: 澄清。 The committee asked him to clarify his points.委员会要他澄清他的观点。 revise:修改， 修订。 Professor Jones twice asked Tom to revise his essay.琼斯教授两次要汤姆修改他的文 章。 contribute:作贡献；起作用。 Exchange of ideas contributes greatly to mutual understanding.交换看法大大有助于相互了解。 7. B practically:几乎，与 almost (几乎)是同义词。 In Oxford Street you can buy almost anything.在牛津街你差不多什么都可以买到。 simultaneously: 同时地。 She holds both views simultaneously. 她同时持有这两种观点。 absolutely：绝对地。 Curing cancer to the current medical knowledge is absolutely impossible. 就 目 前 的 医 学 知 识 来 说 ， 治 愈 癌 症 绝 对 不 可 能 。 basically:基本地。 What he told the investigating committee was basically true.他对调查委员会所说的话基本属实。 8. C occasionally 与 sometimes 意思相近 :有时；偶尔。 I drink coffee only occasionally.我只是偶尔才喝咖啡。 regularly:定期地， 有规律地。 The doctor told him to check his blood pressure regularly.大夫要他定期地查血压。 accidentally:意外地；偶然地。 I accidentally found the book I had been looking for.我偶然找到我 一直在找的书。 successfully:成功地。 We have completed the experiment successfully.我们成功地做完了实验。 9. D try 跟 test 意思相近：试，尝试。 We are not ready to test the newdesign yet.我们尚未做好对新设计进行试验的准备。 grow:成长；生长。 It is a very peculiar experience to one’s child grow.看着孩子长大，有一种独特的感受。 wrap:包；包裹。 He told the shop assistan he wanted to examine it more closely.他告诉售货员先不要包起来，他要仔 细看看。 hide:藏；隐藏。 He told the boss that he had nothing to hide. 他对老板说他没有什么可隐瞒的。 10. B rarely: 很少，不常。 seldom:很少，不常。 She seldom showed herfeelings.她很少流露她的感情。 rarely 和 seldom 是否定副词。放在句首时引 起倒装。 Rarely (or Seldom) have I heard such beautiful singing.我很少 听 到 这 么 优 美 的 歌 声 。 continuously: 连 续 不 断 地 。 The river flows continuously along the frontier of the country.这条河沿着国家的边境绵 绵不断地流着。 usually: 通常。 Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感常见于冬天。 11. A readily: 乐意地；迅速地。 willingly: 乐意地。 If you don’t come willingly, I shall have to use force.如果你不是心甘情愿地来的话，我将 不得不诉诸武力。 suddenly:突然。Her expression suddenly altered.她的表 情突然变了。 firmly:坚固地；坚定地。 The front door is locked and all the windows arc firmly shut.前门锁着，并且所有的窗户都关得死死的。 quickly 迅速地。Her heart began to beat very quickly.她的心脏开始非常迅速地跳 动。 12. A extract:取出；拔出。 take out:取出；拨出。 The dentist took outfive of Mary’s teeth. 牙医拔掉了玛丽的五颗牙。 repair:补。The garage charged me forty dollars to repair the car.修车厂要了我 40 美元修车费。 pull:拉。The horse is pulling a cart.马拉着车。 pull out:拔。The dentist pulled out all her bad teeth.牙医拨掉了她所有的坏牙。 dig:挖掘。We shallhave to dig through the mountains to lay this pipe.为了铺设这条管道， 我们得挖通这座大山。 13. D shine:照亮，发光。 polish:擦亮。Each morning he shaves and polishes his shoes.每天早晨， 他都刮脸， 擦鞋。 lighten:发亮； 照亮。 The sky lightened after the rain ended.雨过天晴。 clean:消除。 He cleaned the dirt off the coat.他擦掉了外套上的污垢。 wash:洗。He washed the dirt off the coat. 他把外套上的污垢洗掉了。 14. A decent:正派的。 honest:诚实的； 正派的。 He is honest and never tells lies.他是个从不说谎的老实人。 rich:富的。One of their aims in life is to get rich.他们生活中的一个目标是致富。 good-looking:漂亮的。Mary noticed John because he was good-looking. 约翰相 貌 英俊 ，引 起了 玛丽 的 注 意。 high-ranking:地位高的。 He is a. high-ranking army officer.他是一位高 级陆军军官。 15. C deadly:致命的。 fatal:致命的。 His illness was fatal to our plans, i. e. cause them to fail. 他的病对我们的计划是致命性的，也就是说，使我 们的计划落空了。 contagious: 传染性的。 Chicken pox is a contagious disease. 水 痘是 一种传 染 病。 serious: 严 重 的。 Doctors said that his conditions were serious but stable.医生说他的情况严重但还稳定。 worrying: 令人担心的。 His conditions are worrying to us.他的情况令我们担忧。 词汇学习 4： 1. A insist on:坚持。与 demand (要求；强求)意思比较接近。 The LabourParty has demanded an explanation from the government.工党已要求政府作 出解释。 rely on:依靠。We have to rely on him for the tickets.我们不得不靠他搞票。 prepare for:为??做准备。 I have been preparing for the final exam.我一直在准备期末考试。create:产生；创建。 His work created enormous interest in England.他的作品在英格兰引起很大关注。 2. D damaging:有损害的。 与 harmful (有害的)意思相近。 The rays of the sun, in excess, can be very harmful.过量的阳光可能会非常有害。 slight:少量 的。 He has a slight German accent 他有一点德国口音。 surprising:令人 吃惊的。 It was surprising that the little girl could answer this question. 小女孩能回答这个问题，令人吃惊。sudden:突然的。 There was a sudden drop in the temperature last night.昨夜气温突然下降。 3. B seldom:很少；不常。与 rarely (难得；不常 )意思相近。 I rarely get up early on Sundays.星期天我很少早起。 crudely:粗糙地； 粗野地。 Everyone was dressed in crudely sewn shorts and shirts.人人都穿着缝制得很粗糙的 短裤和衬衫。 originally: 原来；创造性地。 I stayed longer than I had originally planned.我逗留的时间比原来计划的要长。 symbolically:象征性 地 : The park was decorated symbolically.公园只是象征性地装点了一下。 4. A speed: 速度。与 velocity (速度；快速)的意思相近。 Scientists spent years studying the velocity of light. 科 学 家 们 花 了 许 多 年 研 究 光 速 。 impulse:冲动。On impulse, I went into the shop and bought this expensive watch.在一时冲动下，我走进商店，买下了这块昂贵的手表。 ratio:比，比率。 The ratio of pupils to teachers is 30 to 1. 学生与教师之间的比例是 30 比 1。atrocity:暴行。They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities.他们犯有昀野蛮、昀不人道的暴行。 5. A physician:内科大夫 . doctor:大夫。professor:教授。physicist:物理学家。 resident:居民。 6. C particularly 和 especially 意思近似，表示“特别，尤其”。 I like the country, especially in spring. 尤 其 是 春 天 ， 我 特 别 喜 欢 农 村 。 conventionally:传统地， 常规地。 People in the countryside still wear their hair short and dress conventionally. 乡下人仍然留短发，穿传统的服装。 obviously:明显地。inevitably:不可避免地。 7. D safe 和 secure 意思相近：安全的。 She believes that her position is quite secure.她相信她的岗位是相当稳固的。 clean:干净的。pretty:漂亮的。 distant:远处的。 8. B branch 和 division 意思相近：分支，分支机构。 He’s in charge of the State Department’s African Affairs Division.他管国务院 (美国)非洲事务 部。 unity:整体，联合。 embassy：使馆。 invasion:人侵，侵略。 9. D abnormal:不正常的。 unusual:不平常的。He is a scholar of unusualability.他是个有非凡才能的学者。 bad:坏的， 不好的。 Smoking is certainly bad for your health.抽烟有害你的健康。 frightening:惊吓的。 It was a very frightening experience but everyone of us was courageous.这是一个令人 害 怕 的 经 历 ， 不 过 ， 我 们 每 个 人 都 很 勇 敢 。 repeated: 重 复 性 的 。 John apparently did not return the money，despite repeated reminders.尽管不 断给约翰送去催单，显然他还没有还钱。 10. B abundant:大量的，丰富的。 plentiful:丰富的。 Fish is plentiful in the lake.湖中有大量的鱼。 steady: 平稳的，持续的。 A student doesn’t have a steady income.学生没有周定 收入。 Extra：额外的。You’ll get extra pay for extra work.做了额外的工作你会得到额外的报酬。 meager:很少的，不足的。 Their food supply is meager.他们食品供应短缺。 11. A accelerate:加快。 step up:加快。Security is being stepped up to dealwith the increase in violence.为了对付日益增长的暴力事件，安全工作正在 加快进行。 decrease:降低。Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year.人口正以每年 1.4%的速度下降。 stop:停止。Her heart stopped three times.她的心脏三次停止跳动。control:控制。 The federal government tried to control rising health-care cost.联邦政府试图控制日益增长的医疗费用。 12. C accumulate:积累，积聚。 collect:收集；积聚。 Dust collected on the furniture.家具上积了灰尘。 increase:增加。 Japan’s industrial production increased by 20% last year.去年日本工业生产地长了 20%。spread:展开；蔓 延。Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded.一辆装载化学物 品的卡车爆炸后， 火势迅速蔓延。 grow:增长； 长满。 The path grew with weeds. 小径长满了野草。 13. A allocate:分配；分派。 assign:分配；指派。 The company commander assigned me to stand guard. 连长派我去站岗。 persuade: 劝说。 They were eventually persuaded by the police to give themselves up.警察昀终成功 地说服了他们去投案自首。 ask:请求。We asked her to sing.我们请求她唱歌。 order:命令。 The police ordered them to wait right there.警察命令他们 就在那儿等着。 14. B childish:幼稚的。 immature:不成熟的。 She is emotionally immature.她在情感上尚不成熟。 simple:简单的。 He lives a very simple life for a man who has become incredibly rich.对于一个已经令人难以置信的富裕的人来说，他的生活是极其简单的。 beautiful:美丽的。She is a very beautiful woman.她是一个非常美丽的女人。 foolish:俊的。She is being very foolish about it.在这件事上她很俊。注意该句和下句的区别： She is very foolish. 她很傻。用一般现在时，说明傻是她的特征；用现在进行体，说明她在某个具体 事情上犯傻，傻并非她的本质。 15. B barren:贫瘠的。 bare:赤裸的， 光秃的。 That probably is the most bare and inhospitable island I’ve ever seen.那可能是我见过的昀荒凉的、昀不 宜居住的岛屿了。 hairless:没有毛发的。 His body is smooth and hairless. 他的躯体光溜溜的，并且不长毛。 empty:空的。The room is bare and empty. 房间空荡荡的。 bald:秃的。 She is going bald.她日渐秃顶。词汇学习 5： 1. A appalling 表示条件之差使人感到吃惊。 dreadful 有类似的意义。如: Myfinancial situation is dreadful.此句改用 appalling 也是可以的。 bad， unpleasant 和 poor 都可以跟 condition 搭配。因此可以说： They have been living under bad conditions for two years. They have been living under unpleasant conditions for two years. They have been living under poor conditions for two years. 注 意 ： appalling conditions 蕴 涵 bad ( 或 unpleasant 或 poor) conditions.但反向的蕴涵是不成立的。用句通俗的话说， 是 appalling conditions 必定是 had (或 unpleasant 或 poor) conditions， 但是，是 bad ( 或 unpleasant 或 poor) conditions 未必都是 appalling conditions。也就是说， appalling 跟 bad，unpleasant 和 poor 在意义上存 在着明显的差别。注意：如果用 bad 或 poor 替也是 appalling，生成的都是错误的句子。 2. B anyhow 的一种意思是：不管其他句子所说的，本命题为真。可以看出，该词用在该句中非常合适，因为 I wasn’t qualified for the job really 是“不 管其他句子所说的”， I got it 这个命题是真的。又如： I am coming anyhow, no matter what others say.其中的 no matter what others say 是说：不管 其他人怎么说。 I am coming 这个命题是真的。 anyway 在绝大多数情况中表达 的意义跟 anyhow 都相同，因而二者可替换。 anyhow 有一种意思是后面所说的 支持前面所说的，在这一种意思上，它等于 besides。Mother certainly won’t let him stay with her and anyhow he wouldn’t. 此处的 anyhow 可由 besides 替换。但练习题中的 anyhow 不是这个意思。 anyhow 也可用来结束会话，这也 是 well 的一个功能。如 : Anyhow, thanks a lot. Bye-bye. 但练习题中的 anyhow 不是用来结束会话的，因而不能由 well 替换。 3. C attain 有通过努力取得了某种东西或达到某种状态的意思。如： He attained the position of minister. They were unable to attain their objectives. achieve 的意思是通过努力取得或达到某种目标，意思跟 attain 很接近，因而可由后者替换。 reached 也有“达到”的意思，但它本身并不含 “需要通过努力”， 因而它不可替代 achieved。 下面举一个 reach 用法的例子 : The process of political change in South Africa has reached the stage where it is irreversible. reap 是“收获，获得”的意思。 The painting depicted a group of peasants reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables. You’ll soon begin to reap the benefits of being fitter. take 也有“获得，取得” 的意思，但它不能跟 success 搭配。 4. D capability:能力，力量。又如： Now we have the capability of defending our country, all thanks to our own efforts. The country has the capability to defeat any aggressor. ability:能力，本领。 From each according to hisabilities, to each according to his work. ability 和 capability 在意义 上 有 相 同 的 一 面 ， 因 而 在 一 定 语 境 中 可 以 互 换 。 可 以 看 出 ability 和 capability 在搭配上是有差别的，前者只可跟 to 搭配，但后者既可跟 to 又可 跟 of 搭配。二者的形容词分别是 able 和 capable: I ought to be able to live on my salary. She was perfectly capable of taking care of herself. 注 意：capable 只能跟 of 而不能跟 to 搭配。不难看出，词的意义不决定句法结 构。 strength:力量；优点。 Their military strength has gone down because their air force has proved to be an effective force.此句中的 strength 可由 capacity 替代而不改变句子的意义。 possibility:可能性。 5. A in conjunction with:与??共同 (或协力)。together with 具有相同的 意思，用 together 代入后，所生成的也是一个在语法上正确的句子。 in succession: 接连发生，不跟 with ，如： He had missed five dinners. in alliance with:结盟。They are now in a position to govern the state in alliance with either the Free Democrats or the Green Party. in connection with:与??一起；与??相关。 13 men were questioned in connection with the murder. 6. B credible:可信的。 convincing:可信的。 That is the least convincingexcuse that you could offer. convincing 可替换 credible 而不改变句子的 意思。 workable: 可行的，行得通的。 Your plan is workable. practical: 实际的， 现实的。 He is weak in practical matters. reliable:靠得住的。 John is a reliable man. 7. C diligent: 勤奋的，努力的。 hardworking: 勤奋的，努力的。 Jack was hardworking and energetic.ambitious:雄心勃勃的；有野心的。 Chris is so ambitious, so determined to do it all. lazy:懒惰的。 I was too lazy to read music. clever:聪明的。 She is beautiful and clever. 8. D diverse:多种多样的；不 |司的。 varied:多种多样的；不同的。 It is important that your diet is varied and balanced. colorful:多色的；绚丽的。 People in this small town wear colorful clothes. attractive:迷 人的；吸引人的。 She is both attractive and intelligent. 活的。My schedule is flexible. 9. A faulty:有错误的； 有毛病的。 wrong:有错误的； 有毛病的。 Cheating is flexible:灵always wrong. ambiguous:歧义的；模棱两可的。This sentence is ambiguous. unclear:不清楚的。His itinerary is still unclear. unbelievable:不可信 的。 I find it unbelievable that people can accept this sort of behavior. 10. C gorgeous:好极了；壮丽的。 magnificent:壮丽的；宏伟的。 There is a magnificent country house near the river. ridiculous:可笑的。 It was anabsolutely ridiculous decision. lovely:可爱的； 美丽的。 The girl is lovely. peculiar:奇特的；奇怪的。 This house is peculiar in lots of ways.这些 词都可替换，所生成的句子在语法上都是正确的。相比之下， magnificent 昀 接近 gorgeous。 11. C persist:坚持； 持续。 continue:持续。 She continued the work day after day. insist:坚持；坚持主张。 My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight. persevere:坚持。 Despite the failure of his early experiments, the scientist persevered in his research. resist:反抗；顶 住。The nation was able to resist the invasion. insist 和 persist 在意义上并不完全相同。 insist 缺乏“持续”这个义项。 persevere 也缺少“持 续”这个义项。因此，正确的选择是， continue。“坚持”与“持续”在意义 上似乎很接近， 但在语义上的差别是很明显的。“坚持”至少要求有生命的东西 做主语。但“持续”就没有这个要求。 12. D regulate:调整；控制。 control:控制。She also had a temper, but she controlled it. fight:搏斗；战斗。 More units to fight forest fires are planned. abolish: 废除。 The whole system should be abolished. remove: 除去；消除。 Most of her fears have been removed. 13. A scatter:分散； 散布； 消散。 separate:分散； 分离。 We didn’t separate until nightfall. flee:逃走；消失。The robbers tried to flee, but they were caught. depart:离开；出发。 We are ready to depart. spread:展开；散布。 The rumour quickly spread through the village. spread 与 scatter 有相同 的义项―“散布”。但此处只能是“分散”的意思。 14. B standpoint:立场； 观点。 point of view:观点； 看法。 The novel is shown from the girl’s point of view. position:位置；立场。 The union may shift its position on the question. knowledge:知识。To my knowledge, he owns three houses, and he may own more. opinion:看法；意见。 In my opinion, this book is the best book on the subject.虽然 position 也有“立场”的 意思，但不能说 from my position。同样地我们也不能说 from my opinion。 15. C touching:动人的；感人的。 moving:动人的；感人的。 The beggar told her such a moving story that she almost wept. inspiring:鼓舞人心的。 He made an inspiring speech. boring:令人厌烦的。 Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. frightening:吓人的。He gave us a frightening，but believable account of his childhood. 词汇学习 6： 1. B immense:巨大的。 enormous:巨大的。The expense of living is immensetoday.现在生活的开支很大。 Their losses were enormous.他们的损失巨大。 much:许多。The students have given me much help. 学生给了我许多帮助。 little:小；少。The old man lived in a little house in the woods.老人生 活在树林中的一座小屋里。extensive:广泛的。 They make extensive contacts with the Chinese people.他们跟中国人广泛接触。 2. A accumulate:积累。build up:建立起。The old teacher has accumulateda lot of teaching experience.这位老教师积累了丰富的教学经验。 We have built up a good reputation.我们建立起了很好的声誉。 make up:编造。 She made up a funny story to explain her absence.她编造了一个滑稽的故事，解释她 为什么不来。 clear up:澄清。I’d like to clear up two or three points. 我有两三点想澄清一下。 3. B overtake:超过。 pass:越过。Japan has overtaken Germany in industrial production. 日本在工业生产方面已经超过了德国。 The police car has passed the truck.警车已经超过了卡车。 reach:到达。 We reached our destination at midnight.我们午夜到达了目的地。 lead:带领。 The blind man has a dog to lead him.这个盲人有条狗给他领路。 4. D advisable:可取的。wise 聪明的。 It is advisable that everyone savemoney for further education.为进一步接受教育而积点钱是可取的。 No one is born wise.人不是生下来就聪明的。 possible:可能的。 It’s possible for you to take a night train.你搭乘夜车是可以的。 profitable:有利可图的。 Thedeal was quite profitable.这宗买卖是有得可图的。 easy:容易的。 John is easy to please.使约翰高兴很容易。 5. B puzzle:谜。mystery:谜。His death has remained a puzzle.他怎么死的 至今还是个谜。 It was a mystery how the burglars got in.盗贼怎么进来的 是个谜。 problem:问题。We have lots of problems to solve.我们有许多问 题 要 解 决 。 question: 问 题 。 The clever student asked the teacher an extremely difficult question.那个聪明的学生问了老师一个极其难的问题。 Point:论点。 The point that I want to make here and now is that Ph. D. dissertations must be original.此时此地我想要说的一点是博士论文必须具 有原创性。 6. C exhibit: 显示。 show: 显示。 The Chinese soldiers exhibited great bravery in that fierce battle.在那场激烈的战斗中，中国士兵表现了极大的 勇气。 The commander showed his talent in defending this glorious city. 司令官在保卫这座光荣的城市中表现出了他的才能。 spread:伸展。 The flyover spreads for a mile and is huge.这座立交桥延伸到一英里，非常巨大。 open: 开。The conference was opened on May 1 and closed on May 4.大会五月一 日开幕的， 五月四日闭幕。 examine:观察； 审查。 The police man examined the passport very carefully.警察仔细地察看了护照。 7. A eternal: 永久的。 everlasting: 永久的。I simply can’t stand hiseternal boasting, saying that he is a man of great importance.我简直无 法忍受他的永不休止的自吹， 把自己说成是个重要的人物。 We’re all working for everlasting peace.我们都在为永久的和平而奋斗。 long:长的。 I had a long conversation with him today.我今天跟他长谈了一次。 monotonous:单调的。His report was very monotonous.他的报告很枯燥。 Lengthy:长的。 The guest professor gave us a very lengthy lecture this afternoon.客座教授 今天下午给我们作了一个很长的讲座。 8. A depict: 描写。 describe:描写。 This novel depicts the life of atraditional Chinese woman.这本小说描述了一个中国传统妇女的生活。 The police woman asked her to describe the thief.那个女警察让她描述了那个 盗贼。 draw:画。The artist is drawing a picture of his home town.那个 美术家在画他的家乡。 write:写。The beginners are able to write simple sentences.初学者已经可以写简单句了。 introduce:介绍。 Jack introduced Mary to John at the party.在聚会上杰克把玛丽介绍给了约翰。 9. D operative: 运作的。 work: 运作的。 We have many radars operative. 我们有许多雷达在运转着。 The old theory doesn’t work.旧的理论已经不灵 了。 run:经营。She runs a small shop.她经营着一个小店。 move:移动。The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 rotate:转。The earth rotates round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 10. C wreck:毁坏。 damage:毁坏。 My car was completely wrecked in theaccident.我的车在车祸中完全毁坏了。Many temples were damaged in the war. 许多寺庙在战争中毁坏了。 shake:摇晃。火车开过时，房子会晃动。 fall:倒 下。 The old building was falling to pieces.那座老建筑正在坍塌中。 tremble: 颤抖。The girls lips started to tremble and then she began to cry.女孩 的嘴唇先是颤抖，接着就哭了起来。 11. B embody: 显示；包含。 include: 包含。 The new model embodies a few refinements. 新的模型包含了一些改进之处。 The plan includes many of yoursuggestions. 该计划包含了许多你的建议。 consist of: 由??组成。 This panel consists of several young professors. 这个答辩委员会由几个年轻的 教 授 组成。 make up: 组成??。 This team is made up of several old professors. 这个小组由几个老教授组成。 Mark:标志。His death marked the end of an era.他的死标志着一个时代的结束。 12. D obscure:遮挡。 prevent:挡住。 If you stand there you’ll obscure our view of the race.如果你站在那里，你会挡住我们看赛跑的。 The storm prevented an early departure.暴风雨阻碍了早离开。 darken:使变暗；使阴 郁。 The bad news darkened their view of the situation.这条坏消息使得 他们对情况的看法变得很悲观。 hold:保持??状态。 They held themselves in readiness for bad news.他们对坏消息已经做好了准备。 blacken:使??变黑。 Smoke has blackened the ceiling of the room.烟已经把房间的天花板熏黑了。 13. C restrain:阻止。 prevent:阻止。 I simply can’t retrain them from going their own way.我压根无法阻止他们按照自己的方式行事。 We’ve tried very hard to prevent the face-maintenance project from being done.我们 已经竭尽全力阻止这项面子工程的执行。 disallow: 不允许。 Government officials are disallowed to accept bribery.政府官员不可接受贿赂。 reduce: 减少。Some fat people are trying to reduce their weight.一些肥胖的人在 试图减肥。 confine:监禁。He was confined to prison for six years.他在 监狱里关了六年。 14. D sensational: 引起轰动的；令人激动的。 exciting: 令人激动的。 A sensational story is one likely to excite people.一个激动人心的故事很 可能使人激动。 This movie is very exciting.这部电影是非常令人激动的。sexy:性感的。She is beautiful and sexy.她漂亮且性感。 surprising:出乎 意外的。 Their achievements are surprising. 他们取得的成就是惊人的。 exceptional:例外的。This hot weather is exceptional for August.八月天 这么热是不寻常的。 15. A stroll:散步。 walk:走路；散步。 The old professor usually takes a little stroll in the garden early in the morning.那个老教授常常一清早在花园里散散步。 He takes a walk only when he is free. 只 有 有 空 时 他 才 散 散 步 。 rest: 休 息 。 She takes a rest occasionally.她偶尔也休息休息。 breath:呼吸。 Jack took a deep breath and dived in.杰克深深吸了一口气，然后潜入水中。词汇学习 7： 1. D annoying 和 irritating 意思昀相近， 有“使烦恼的”， “使人不愉快的”等意思。 hateful 有“可恨的”，“心怀不满的”等意思。 He is hateful to me.我觉得他可恨。 Don’t be so hateful.别这么怨天尤人。 painful:痛苦的。 I don’t like his painful look.我不喜欢他那副痛苦的表情。 horrifying 是“恐怖的”，“使震惊的”的意思。 These were horrifying experiences. 这些经历不堪回首。 2. C deliberately 和 intentionally 意思相同:故意，蓄意地。 sufficiently: 足够地，充分地。 noticeably:明显地，易见地。 absolutely:绝对地。He’s absolutely correct.他绝对正确。 3. A vague:模糊的 ,含糊的。 imprecise:不确切的，不明确的。 concise:简 明扼要的。如：Her letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job for which she was applying.她的信很简明，省去了所有跟申请就 业不相关的东西。 unpolished:未经修饰的。 She is reading an unpolishedpoem.她在谈一首未经润色的诗。 elementary: 基本的，初级的。 How can you expect to succeed without even the most elementary knowledge of the field? 连该领域中的基本知识都没有，你还能成功？ 4. A summit 指“山顶”，与 top of the mountain 意思相近。选项 B 意思与之相反。选项 C 指的是“起点”。 D 则指的是“地点”。 5. A census 指的是 an official count of the people who live in a country,including information about their ages, jobs, etc. 即人口普查，与 count 意思昀接近。 B 的意思是“陈述”， “报告”， “声明”； C 的意思是“同意”； D 的意思是“估计”，这几个词的词义与 census 相去甚远。 6. C duplicate 和 copy 意思近似，表示“复制”。 borrow:借(入)。purchase: 买。rewrite:改写。 7. B ban 和 forbid 意思相近， 表示“禁止”。 list:列出。 list a few reasons: 列举几条理由。 handle: 对待，应付。 The speaker handled his subject concisely.演讲者对主题作了简要的论述。 investigate:调查。 8. A lawful: 合法的。 legal: 合法的。 What I did was perfectly legal.我所做的完全合法。 irresistible:不可抵挡的。 The music is irresistible. 音乐太动听了。 enjoyable:有乐趣的。 Was it an enjoyable movie? 这部电 影有意思吗？ profitable:有益的；有利可图的。 We had a profitable talk. 我们的谈话是有益的。 9. D mock:取笑，嘲笑。 laugh at:取笑，嘲笑。 It is unkind to laugh ata person who is in trouble.嘲笑有困难的人是不好的。 smile at:笑(某人或 某事 ) 。What are you smiling at?你在笑什么 ? look down on:看不起。 Small boys usually look down on little girls and refuse to play with them.小男孩常常看不起小女孩， 因此不愿意跟她们玩。belittle:贬低； 低估。Don’t belittle what he has achieved.不要贬低他所取得的成就。 10. A motive:动机。 reason:理由。 There is no reason to doubt his word. 没有理由不相信他的话。 argument:论据。 There are many arguments against smoking.有许多论据可以证明吸烟是有害的。 target:目标。The target of the new plan is primary education for all children.新计划要取得的目标是使 所有的孩子都得到初等 教育。 stimulus: 刺激。 stimuli 是其复数形式。 Reduced tariffs are a stimulus to foreign trade.降低关税可以促进外贸。 11. C notably: 值得注意地；特别。 particularly: 尤其，特别。 I often do absent-minded things, particularly when I’m worried.我常干些心不在焉 的事， 特别是当我焦虑的时候。 noticeably:显而易见地。 Standards of living are deteriorating rather noticeably.生活水平正在明显下降。 remarkably: 显著地。Working conditions have been remarkably improved.工作条件得到 了显著改善。 significantly:显著地，在相当大的程度上。 Sales levels are significantly lower than last year.销售额比去年大幅下降了。 12. B omit:疏忽，遗漏。 fail:失败；没有能够。 He failed to understand the real significance of it.他没有理解它的真正意义。 forget:忘记。I forgot to wind my watch last night.昨晚我忘了给手表上发条。 delete:消去;删}