英语语法习题
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英语语法习题
英语语法习题
第一讲 主谓一致
第二讲 名词
第三讲 代词
第四讲 动词分类
第五讲 动词时态
第六讲 被动语态
第七讲 虚拟语气
第八讲 助动词??
第九讲 不定式
第十讲 V-ing形式??
第十一讲 V-ed形式
第十二讲 形容词／副词
第十三讲 介词?
第十四讲 连词
第十五讲 It的用法??
第十六讲 定语从句?
第十七讲 名词性从句
第十八讲 状语从句??
第十九讲 倒装句
第一讲主谓一致?
&I.学习重点
&从句或非谓语动词作主语时的主谓一致?
&表示数量的名词词组作主语时的主谓一致?
&由连接词连接的主语与谓语的一致?
&集体名词作主语时的主谓一致?
“主语+with/as well as 等短语”的主谓一致
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
主语和谓语的一致主要指谓语动词必须和作主语的名词或人称代词在人称和数上保持一致。
处理主谓一致关系主要遵循以下3条原则。①语法一致原则，即谓语的单、复数形式依主语
的单、复数形式而定：主语为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语为单数或是不可数名词，谓语动
词用单数。②就近一致原则，即谓语动词的人称和数要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。③意义一致原则，即不以语法形式而从意义着眼处理一致关系，若主语形式上为复数，但
意义上是单数，谓语动词需用单数；若主语形式上为单数，而意义上是复数，则谓语动词用复数。?
Ⅲ、自测题?
1．The committee ______(be) unable to agree on the policies．
2．The committee ______ (have) decided to give the workers more financial help．?
3．Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being seen by people ______ (remain) a mystery to us all．?
4．Three years in a strange land ______(seem) like a long time．?
5．He is one of those men who never ______(care) how they look．?
6．Law and order ______(mean) different things to people with different political opinions．
7．She’s the only one of these women who ______ (play) bridge well．?
8．After the exams ______(be) the time to relax．?
9．War and peace ______(be) a constant theme in history．?
10．How is it that your answer and your neighbour’s ______(be) identical?
11．If either of you ______(take) a vacation now,we will not be able to finish the
&&&& work．?
12．One third of the population ______(be) working in factories．
13．There ______(be) a bed and two sofas in the room．?
14．What he left me ______(be) three small rooms.?
15．The crowd at the basketball game ______(be) wild with excitement.
16．None of the students ______(have)finished the exam yet．?
17．A large crowd of people ______(have) gathered under the Town Hall clock．?
18．All but he and I ______(be) going to the Exhibition．?
19．Each soldier and sailor ______(be) given a gun．?
20．Attending on campus concerts ______ (be) part of the pleasure of college life．?
21．There ______(be) more than one answer to your question．?
22．A number of pages ______(be) found missing．?
23．This is one of the books that ______(tell) an authentic story of World War Two．?
24．The cat with her kittens ______(be) sitting in the sun．?
25．What ______(be) your weekly wages??
26．Bacon and eggs ______(make) a hearty breakfast for a growing boy．?
27．Dancing and skating ______(be) my chief delights．?
28．Only one of the students who______(have)& read the article can answer
the question．?
29．John is the only student who ______(have) read the book．?
30．The number of secretaries in this company ______(be)never under 100．
31．Five hundred dollars ______(be) spent yesterday.?
32．It is I who ______(be) responsible for this.?
33．To visit the parks and museums ______(be) really enjoyable．?
34．Every word and phrase in this dictionary ______(be) important．?
35．What he wants ______(be) a recorder and a radio．?
36．There ______(be) many a reason why this book sells well．?
37．What caused the damage of these cars ______(remain) unknown．
38．Two thirds of my friends ______(have) been abroad．?
39．Two thirds of the crop ______(have) been damaged by the storm．?
40．The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ______(have) been translated into many languages．
41．A thousand miles no longer ______ much to us today,for modern jets can easily get us over this distance within a few hours．?
A)meant&&&&&&&&& B)mean?
C)means&&&&&&&&& D)will mean?
42．It is reported that about two-thirds of the factory’s property
_______ in the fire．?
A)are lost&&&&&& B)have been lost?
C)were lost&&&&& D)has been lost?
43.Statistics ______ a rather modern branch of mathematics．?
A)are&&&&&&&& B)were?
C)is&&&&&&&&& D)are to be?
44．Every means ______ tried out but never with success,as far as my knowledge goes．?
A)is&&&&&&&&& B)has been?
C)are&&&&&&&& D)have been?
45．The woman writer and Oscar Award candidate _______ a collection of short stories．?
A)have just turned out&&&&& B)has just turned out?
C)have just been turned out D)has just been turned out?
46．The athlete,together with his coach and several relatives,_____ to the Olympic Games．?
A)are traveling&&&&& B)is traveling?
C)were traveling&&&& D)have been traveling?
47．Not only I but also Tom and Mary ______ fond of watching television．?
A)am&&&&&&&&& &B)is?
C)are&&&&&&&&& D)have?
48．The audience _______ requested to be in their seats by 7:00．?
A)have&&&&&& B)has?
C)are&&&&&&& D)is?
49．Your trousers ______ too long．______ to be shortened a little.
A)They need&&&&&& B)It needs?
C)It needs&&&& &&&D)They need?
50．Different forms of government agency ______ different functions．
A)is&&&&&& B)are?
C)has&&&&& D)have
第二讲名词?
&I.学习重点
可数名词与不可数名词?
&名词的复数词尾变化形式?
&名词所有格?
&名词作定语?
&复合名词作定语时的数?
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语以及后置
定语。根据其所表达的意义，名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词包括个体名词(
如chair,student等)、集体名词(如family,people,police等)、物质名词(如glass,water,wool等)、抽象名词(如work,anger等)。专有名词是表示个别人、地方、事物、机构等所特有的名称，如China,Beijing,Mary,Dr.Brown等。?
Ⅲ．自测题?
1．Let me give you______．?
A)some advice&&&& B)some advices?
C)an advice&&&&&& D)the advice?
2．I’ll have a cup of tea and______．?
A)two toasts&&&&&&&&&&& B)two pieces of toast?
C)two piece of toasts&&& D)two pieces of toasts?
3．______did you buy for your new flat??
A)How many furniture’s?B)How much pieces of furniture’s?
C)How much furniture?&&& D)How many a furniture?
4．Mr．Wang has recently made______．?
A)some huge fortunes from share?
B)huge fortune from shares?
C)huge fortunes from share?
D)a huge fortune from shares?
5．The flood has done______to this region．?
A)damage&&& B)damaging?
C)damages&&& D)ruin?
6．______are ungrounded．?
A)All this worries&&& B)All these worries?
C)All the worry&&&&&& D)All these worry?
7．Is this______to achieve success??
A)the only means& &&B)the very two means?
C)various means&&& D)the very mean?
8．______covering it are not obtainable．?
A)Accurate data&&&&& B)Accurate datum?
C)Accurate datums&&& D)Datums accurate?
9．He said he had met the man______．?
A)at my uncle’s room Smith?B)at my uncle Smith’s room?
C)at Smith’s my uncle’s room?D)at room of my uncle’s Smith’s?
10．I want to know______．?
A)somebody else opinion&&& B)somebody’s else opinion?
C)somebody else’s opinion&&& D)somebody’s else’s opinion?
11．This is a picture______．?
A)of my boy’s&&& B)of my room’s?
C)of a boy’s&&& D)of the boy’s room’s?
12．______of Mrs．Brown’s．?
A)Mary is the daughter?B)This is Mary?
C)Mary is a daughter?&& D)This is Mary,the daughter?
13．I have finished ______.?
A) a day work&&&&&& B) one?day work?
C) a day’s work&&& D) the work of a day?
14．Julie went to the______to buy a pair of shoes．?
A)shoes store&&& B)shoe’s store?
C)shoe store&&&& D)shoes? store?
15．He is a______．?
A)bank president&&&&&&& B)president of a bank’s?
C)bank?s president&&& D)president of the bank’s?
16．What do you call juice that comes from tomatoes?& You call it______??
A)tomatoes juice&&& B)tomato juice?
C)juice of tomato&&& D)tomatoes? juice
17．The rapidity of______in a river depends on the width of the river bed。
A)water’s movement&&& B)water movement?
C)water movement’s&&& D)water’s movement’s?
18．The ______was brought to completion in 1958．?
A)workers? stadium&&& B)workers stadium’?
C)worker’s stadium&&& D)workers’?stadium??
19．I shall be back in______．?
A)an hour or two time&& &&&&B)an hour or two’s time?
C)an hour’s or two time&&& D)a hour or two’s time?
20．Would you compare and tell the differences between______houses??
A)Alan and Smith’s&&&&& B)Alan and Smith?
C)Alan’s and Smith’s&&& D)Alan’s and Smith?
21．The miners escaped the danger______．?
A)by a hair breadth&&& B)by hair breadth?
C)by hairs? breadth&&& D)by a hair?s breadth?
22．She put her arm through______．?
A)her brother&&& B)brother?
C)her brother’s&&& D)brother’s?
23．The boys ate and drank______．?
A)to their heart’s contents&&& B)to their hearts’? contents?
C)to their hearts content&&&&&& D)to their hearts’? content
24．______race will take place at nine sharp tomorrow morning．?
A)Scott and Anderson’s&&&&&& B)Scott and Anderson?
C)Scott’s and Anderson’s& &&D)Scott’s and Anderson?
25．They took Dorson’s child to______at once by car．?
A)doctor’s&&&&&&& B)the doctor’s?
C)the doctors?&&& D)doctor?
26．______must have heard the terrible cry from the building．?
A)One of passer-bys&&&&&&& B)One of passers-by?
C)One of the passer’bys&&& D)One of the passers-by?
27．Though he was in college,he was still fond of reading______．?
A)stories of children&&& B)childrens? stories?
C)children stories&&&&&& D)children’s stories?
28．We called at______on weekend．?
A)my grandmother&&&&& B)my grandmother’s?
C)mine grandmother&&& D)mine grandmothers??
29．We have chicken,vegetables,______for lunch．?
A)fish and mutton&&&&&& B)fishes and mutton?
C)fishes and muttons&&& D)fish and muttons?
30．Very heavy______are levied on some imported goods．?
A)custom duty&&&&&& B)customs duty?
C)customs duties&&& D)custom duties?
31．They saw______in that room．?
A)a large amount of furniture?
B)a large amount of furnitures?
C)many furnitures?
D)few furnitures?
32．They were requested to hand in their______a month later．?
A)theses&&& B)thesises?
C)thesis&&& D)these?
33．After four years in Canada,she got______．?
A)a degree of doctor&&& B)the degree of a doctor?
C)a doctor’s degree&&& D)a doctor degree?
34．The beautiful woman turned out to be______．?
A)a daughter of Mrs Green’s?
B)a Mrs Green’s daughter?
C)a daughter of Mrs Green?
D)the daughter of Mrs Green?
35．This is a special______of butterflies．?
A)specy&&& B)species?
C)specys&&& D)specis?
36． ______went to the party last night．?
A) Many John friends&&&&&& B) Many John’s friends?
C) Many of John friends&&& D) Many friends of John’s?
37． The room was small and contained far too______．?
A) many new furniture&&&& B) much new furnitures?
C) much new furniture&&&& D) many new furnitures?
38． We found ______in a large iron cage in the zoo．?
A) two deer&&&&&&&&&& B) two heads of deer?
C) a lot of deers&&&& D) an amount of deer?
39．The Nazi kept those ______ in their concentration camps．?
A) prisoner-of-wars&&& B) prisoners-of-wars?
C) prisoner-of-war&&& D) prisoners-of-war?
40． The doctor checked up both his______hearts．?
A) father-in-law’s and his brother-in-law’s?
B) father’s-in-law and his brother’s-in-law?
C) father-in-law and his brother-in-law’s?
D) father-in-laws? and his brother-in-laws
第三讲代词?
&I.学习重点
不定代词的用法
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
代词是用来代替名词或名词词组的，它的主要作用是在句子中避免名词的重复。代词可分为
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、关系代词、
连接代词等。我们将关系代词放在定语从句中论述，连接代词放在名词性从句中论述。?
Ⅲ．自测题?
1．She has two daughters but ______of them likes chocolates．?
A)no&&&& B)either&&&&& C)neither&&& D)both?
2．Choose______book you like from my collection．?
A)each&&& B)any&&& C)some&&& D)anyone?
3．I have had one house that exactly suited me,and I can hardly expect to find______．?
A)another&&& B)other&&& C)any&&& D)the other?
4．______of them knew about the plan because it was secret．?
A)Any&&& B)No one&&& C)Some&&& D)None?
5．I have two brothers．One is a teacher,______is a businessman．?
A)another&&& B)other one&&& C)the other&&& D)other?
6．______of the four roads will take you to the library．?
A)Every&&& B)Both&&& C)Any&&& D)Neither?
7．They do not accept______suggestion．?
A)neither&&& B)either&&& C)both&&& D)both of?
8．The teacher gave______of the pupils a ball?pen．?
A)each&&& B)every&&& C)some&&& D)the other?
9．A good writer is______who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way
A)this&&& B)that&&& C)one&&& D)which?
10．The reason why we didn’t get______people to help us in the work is that we didnt want to trouble anyone．?
A)all&&& B)any&&& C)no&&& D)some?
11．______of you shared my opinions,so we have______in common to discuss．
A)Flittle&&&&&&& B)Na little?
C)Alittle&&&&& D)Nmany?
12．Kim and Tony were not the only people in the garden．There______．?
A)were some other ones&&& B)were some others?
C)was another people&&&&& D)was someone more?
13．It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is quite______to perform skillfully yourself．?
A)other&&& B)some&&& C)another&&& D)any?
14．Two people had met the General before,but ______ recognized him．?
A)either&&& B)any&&& C)neither&&& D)some?
15．______of the two winners in the composition contest was awarded a pen．
A)Every one&&&&&&& B)Everyone?
C)Each one&&&&&&&& D)Anyone?
16．The boy took off his gloves．______had holes in the fingers．?
A)Either one&&&& B)Everyone?
C)Any one&&&&&&& D)Each one?
17．I walked into the room and______．?
A)shook hands with everybody?
B)shook hand with each one?
C)shook hands with each?
D)shook the hand by every body?
18．Two little boys of my brother’s called to see me and I gave an ?apple
to______when they sat down．?
A)every one of them&&&&& B)each?
C)every one&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)every?
19．A few cakes were served,and he ate______．?
A)every one&&&& B)everyone?
C)no one&&&&&&& D)anyone?
20．______expressed his determination．?
A)Everyone of them&&& B)Every one of us?
C)Nobody of them&&&&& D)Any body of you?
21． I prefer red roses to white______，but my sister likes both ______．
A) one…one&&&&&&&& B) ones…ones?
C) one…ones&&&&&&& D) ones…/
22．______the girls came on the trip．?
A) No&&&&&&&& B) Nobody of?
C) None of&&& D) No one of?
23．— What do you think about these cakes??
— I’d like to have ______．?
A) some other&&&& B) another?
C) the other&&&&& D) other?
24．Alexander certainly talks a lot and he’s never interested in what______has to say．?
A) anyone else&&&&&&& B) nobody else?
C)no one&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)somebody other?
25．It goes without saying that______ the staff of our company can enter
these laboratories．?
A) anybody but&&&&&& B) but anybody?
C) none but&&&&&&&&& D) everybody but?
26．______of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of a nuclear
war is increasing．?
A) None&&&&&&&&&& B) Either?
C) Both&&&&&&&&&& D) Neither?
27．It’s time ______about the traffic problem downtown.?
A) something was done&&& B) everything is done?
C) anything will be done&& D) nothing to be done ?
28．You have to hurry up if you want to buy something because there is hard
ly ______left.?
A) everything&&&&& B) nothing?
C) something&&&&&& D) anything?
29．The managing director refused to accept ______of the four proposals made by the contractors and demanded complete novelty．?
A) either&&&&&&&& B) any?
C) neither&&&&&&& D) none?
30．Knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or
evil.?It’s now being used indifferently for ______．?
A) each&&&&&&& B) either?
C) both&&&&&&& D) one and the other?
31．In order to be a good mountaineer,______ and enough knowledge in geology and meteorology．?
A) a sound body should be obtained by one?
B) it is essential to have sound body?
C) there should be a sound body?
D) one should have a sound body?
32．Of the four bridges on the river ,the new one completed last year is
longer and wider than______．?
A) another&&&&&& B) the other?
C) the others&&& D) one another?
33．He composed a vast amount of music,______is ever played today．?
A) one of which&&&&&& B) little of which?
C) seldom&&&&&&&&&&&& D) a few of them?
34．Tape recorders are quite cheap in this country ,you can buy ______ for a few pounds ,though the best ______ are usually exported．?
A)ones…one&&&& B)one…ones?C)that…one D)that…ones?
35．Although Art Tatum was totally blind in one eye and had only slight vision in______,he became an international renowned jazz musician.?
A)the next one B)another?C)the otherD)other one
第四讲动词分类?
&I.学习重点
“动词+介词”构成的短语动词?
“动词+副词”构成的短语动词?
“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词?
“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词?
“动词(+宾语)+介词+名词”构成的短语动词?
“动词+名词”构成的短语动词
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
由一个单词构成的动词叫作“单词动词”，如live,work,study,strike,come,go等。短语动词是以实义动词为中心词加上介词或副词等构成的多词动词。它们所表示的意义通常不是动词和介词／ 副词各自词义的简单结合。在使用时，我们要将短语动词作为一个整体看待。短语动词可分为及物和不及物两种类型。此类题主要是考查短语动词的意义，所以识记和领会短语动词的意义是学习短语动词的关键。?
?Ⅲ．自测题?
1．When he realized the police had spotted him,the man_______the exit as quickly as possible.?
A)made off&&& B)made for?
C)made out&&& D)made up?
2． Having decided to rent a flat,we_______contacting all the?
&accommodation agencies in the city．?
A)set about&&& B)set down?
C)set out&&&&& D)set up?
3． The manager needs an assistant that he can _____to take care of problems in his absence．?
A)count on&&&&&& B)count in?
C)count up&&&&&& D)count out?
4． There are other problems which I don’t propose to _______at the moment
A)go into&&&&&& B)go around?
C)go for&&&&&&& D)go up?
5． This popular sports car is now being_____at the rate of a ?
thousand a week．?
A)turned down&&& B)turned out?
C)turned up&&&&& D)turned on
6.The French pianist who had been praised very highly______to be a great disappointment．?
A)turned up&&& B)turned in?
C)turned out&&& D)turned down
7． If you happen to________my lost papers while you’re looking for your book,please let me know at once by telephone．?
A)come across&&& B)come to?
C)come up&&& D)come over?
8． Important people don’t have much free time as their work ____all their time．?
A)takes away&&& B)takes over?
C)takes up&&& D)takes in?
9． When I was very young,I was terribly frightened of school,but I soon______it．?
A)got off&&& B)got across?
C)got away&&& D)got over?
10． I always_________what I have said．?
A)get to&&& B)hold to?
C)lead to&&& D)see to?
11． The engine________smoke and steam．?
A)gives up&&& B)gives in?
C)gives away&&& D)gives off?
12． They ________in spite of the extremely difficult conditions．
A)carried out&&& B)carried off?
C)carried on&& &D)carried forward?
13． When Mr．Jones gets old,he will_______over his business to his son．?
A)take&&&&&&&&&&&& B)hand?C)think&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)get
14． I can’t ______what that object is．?
A)make up&&& B)make over?
C)make out&&& D)make for?
15． Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject,he still found it hard to understand this point and her ?explanation only________to his confusion．?
A)extended&&&&& B)amounted?
C)added&&&&&&&& D)turned?
16．She________to say that she was not interested in what I was talking about．?
A)broke out&&& B)broke in?
C)broke down&&& D)broke up?
17． Experienced as we are,we must allow_______unexpected ?difficulties．?
A)for&&& B)to?
C)with&&& D)into?
18． The wallet was_______to the American tourist when he proved that it was his．?
A)given away&&& B)given out?
C)given back&&& D)given up?
19． They needed quite a sum of money to_______a special school for gifted children．?
A)set about&&& B)set up ?
C)set back&&& D)set off?
20． The old lady opened the window to see what was ______?outside in thelane．?
A)going on&&& B)going out?
C)going over&&& D)going after?
21． With the birth of the Communist Party of China,the face of the Chinese
Revolution______an altogether new aspect．?
A)took for&&& B)took on?
C)took up&&& D)took over
22． The blow knocked him unconscious and it was several minutes before he．?
A)came out&&& B)came off?
C)came to&&& D)came up?
23． Though cruelly tortured by the German fascists,the ?underground& leader didnt_______any of his comrades．?
A)give in& &&B)give up?
C)give back&&& D)give away?
24． Peggy had been absent from school for two weeks,so she? naturally had a lot of homework to_______．?
A)make out&&& B)make for?
C)make after&&& D)make up?
25． He tried to_______at least half an hour every day for jogging(慢跑)．?
A)set out&&& B)set aside?
C)set off&&& D)set back?
26． At first he could hardly_______what the American professor was saying．
A)take in&&& B)take off?
C)take to&&& D)take over?
27． Once he has_______his loan from the bank,Henry will owe money to no one
A)paid back&&& B)paid for?
C)paid up&&& D)paid off?
28． When the train_______,the Lafayette students were surprised to learn that the Carlisle track team was composed of one man only．??
A)pulled out&&& B)pulled on?
C)pulled up&&& D)pulled in?
29． After the big job was finished,the builder_______the number of men working for him．?
A)cut back&&& B)cut across?
C)cut off&&& D)cut in?
30． The president called on the people to_______arms to defend their freedom and
&&&&&& independence．?
A)take on&&& B)take after?
C)take up&&& D)take down?
31． I will do my best to_______your expectation．?
A)live up to&&& B)live with?
C)live through&&& D)live by?
32． John’s youngest son is______medicine．?
A)putting up with&&& B)standing up to?
C)going in for&&&&&& D)making up for?
33． The band was so short of musicians that they had to_______students．?
A)fall for&&& B)fall back on?
C)fall in&&& D)fall on?
34． We’ve ________sugar．Ask Mrs Johnsons to lend us some．?
A)run down&&& B)run off?
C)run away with&&& D)run out of?
35． The good service at the hotel_______the poor food to some ?extent．?
A)made for&&& B)made out?
C)made up&&& D)made up for?
36． She________us because she went to an expensive school．?
A)looks above&&& B)looks down upon?
C)looks over&&& D)looks up to?
37． You’ll find that job very difficult．You’ll ______some very tricky& problems．?
A)run over&&&&&&&&&& B)come off?
C)come up against&&& D)run out of
38． There are many inconveniences that have to be______when you are camping．?
A)put up&&&&&&&& B)put off?
C)put up with&&& D)put away?
39． Having gathered some information about the accident,they______its real causes．?
A)got down to&&& B)got round to?
C)got out of&&& D)got into
40． When I was criticized at the meeting,only he______me．?
A)stood for&&& B)stood up to?
C)stood up for&&& D)stood out
41． I am afraid my grandfather’s health will not be able to_____this dramatic change of weather．?
A)stand up for&&& B)stand out?
C)stand up&&&&&&& D)stand up to?
42． Jack has been working hard and has______his classmates in studies．?
A)caught on&&& B)caught up with?
C)caught out&&& D)caught up?
43． They are trying hard to________technical developments．?
A)keep up with&&& B)keep back?
C)put up with&&&& D)keep up
44． To fulfil the task assigned me,I’m quite prepared to______whatever danger that may lie behind．?
A)face with&&& B)face up to?
C)face down&&& D)face up with?
45. Very few scientists______with completely new answers to the world’s&&&&&&&&&& problems．?
A)come to &&&B)come round?
C)come up&&& D)come on?
46． The union______under the financial strain．?
A)broke up&&& B)broke out?
C)broke off&&& D)broke down?
47． If we can______our present difficulties,then everything should be all right．?
A)get off&&&&&&& B)put away?
C)come across&&& D)get over
48． The car slowed down and______at the gate．?
A)pulled out&&&& B)pulled on?
C)pulled down&&& D)pulled up?
49． Some hard plastics can be______metals in manufacturing ?machine parts.
A)substituted for&&&&&& B)replaced?
C)taken the place of&&& D)given way to?
50． Trains stop here in order to ______passengers only．?
A)get off&&& B)pick up?
C)pull up&&& D)get out
51． Tom could not______the last problem on the arithmetic test．?
A)fill out&&& B)figure out?
C)find out&&& D)feel like?
52． This office is so small that I don’t think we can______another desk．
A)place down&&& B)hold up?
C)take in&&&&&& D)fit in?
53． I had a bit of cold over the weekend but fortunately I______．?
A)put it off&&&&&& B)made it up?
C)called it off&&& D)threw it off?
54． Prepositions______in the structure of English．?
A)take part&&&&&&&&&&& B)take a great part?
C)play a large part&&& D)play many parts?
55． Jack was about to announce our plan but I______．?
A)put him through&&& B)gave him up?
C)turned him out&&& D)cut him short
第五讲& 动词时态?
&I.学习重点
&一般现在时?
&一般将来时?
&一般过去时?
&现在进行时?
&现在完成时
&现在完成进行时?
&过去完成时?
&将来完成时?
&过去将来完成时?
将来进行时
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式，表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态。英语中共有16种时态.
Ⅲ．自测题?
1． Long ago,people didn’t know the earth ______ round the sun．?
A) moves&&&&&&& B) were moved?
C) moved&&&&&&& D) had moved?
2． Tom will go to school the moment he ______ his work．?
A) will finish&&& B) finished?
C) finishes&&&&&& D) would finish?
3． I will go there even if it ______ tomorrow．?
A) will have rained&&& B) will rain?
C) has rained&&&&&&&&& D) rains?
4． In case he ______,let me know．?
A) has come&&&& B) comes?
C) will come&&& D) would come?
5．It’s hard to tell if it ______ tonight．?
A) will snow&&& B) snows?
C) shall snow&&& D) will have snowed?
6．Free tickets will be given to whoever ______ first．?
A) will come&&&& B) has come?
C) comes&&&&&&&& D) come?
7．I ______ John several times during the past month．?
A) saw&&&&&&&&& B) had seen?
C) see&&&&&&&&& D) have seen?
8．It ______ every day so far this week.?
A) has rained&&& B) rains?
C) is raining&&& D) rained?
9．This is the first time that I ______ to Paris．?
A) will go&&&&& B) have been?
C) have gone&&& D) came?
10．It is the third cigarette that I ______ this morning．?
A) smoke&&&&&&&&& B) smoked?
C) have smoked&&& D) am smoking
11．Anne is one of the brightest pupils who ______ from the school．?
A) have graduated&&& B) has graduated?
C) had graduated&&&& D) graduated?
12．I am to do my homework as soon as I ______ back from school．?
A) had arrived&&&& B) will arrive?
C) have arrived&&& D) would arrive?
13．By the time Mrs．Smith left the school,she ______ that course for twenty& years．?
A) taught&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) has taught?
C) has been teaching&&& D) had taught?
14．Where ______ when I was in the Atlantic City??
A) have you been&&& B) were you?
C) had you been&&& D) did you?
15．No sooner had Mr．Green finished explaining the poem than the students
questions ______ to pour in．?
A) begin&&&&&&& B) began?
C) beginning&&& D) had begun?
16．Our teacher said the Yellow River ______ the second largest ?river in
A) was&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) were?
C) has been&&&&&&&&&&& D) is?
17．Perhaps I ______ reading the book by this time tomorrow．?
A) will have finished&&& B) will finish?
C) have finished&&&&&&&& D) would have finished?
18．We ______ nearly a thousand miles when we reach London．?
A) travel&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) have traveled?
C) shall have traveled&&& D) are traveling?
19．I’ll ______ my sister at the airport at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon．?
A) be meeting&&& B) be met?
C) have met&&&&& D) have been meeting?
20．The little girl ______ fine deeds both at and out of school．?
A) was always done&&& B) is always doing?
C) had always done&&& D) does always do?
21．I had intended to ______ you an early reply,but I didn’t know how to get contact with you．?
A) have given&&& B) would give?
C) give&&&&&&&&& D) giving?
22．I was to ______ to see you yesterday,but I was too busy to get away．?
A) come&&&&&&&& B) be coming?
C) have come&&& D) coming?
23． It is two years since I ______ you．?
A) see&&&&&&&& B) have seen?
C) had seen&&& D) saw?
24．It is the third time that Tom ______ late for class．?
A) has arrived&&& B) arrives?
C) arrive&&&&&&&& D) is arriving?
25．He will come to call on you the moment he ______ his work．?
A) will finish&&& B) finishes?
C) finished&&&&&& D) to finish?
26．— Let’s hurry．The president is coming．?
— Oh,I thought that we ______．?
A) already miss him&&&&&&&& B) had already missed him?
C) will miss him already&&& D) have already missed him?
27．The Smiths told Jack that they ______ a new car the next morning．?
A) went to buy&&&&&&&&& B) would be going to buy?
C) were going to buy&&& D) have gone buying?
28．John and Mary ______ in September．?
A) are to be married&&& B) will marry?
C) is to marry&&&&&&&&& D) is married?
29．I liked to play football when I was at the university,but I broke a leg
five years ago and since then I ______．?
A) haven’t played again&&& B) didn’t play again?
C) would not play again&&&& D) would have played again?
30．It doesn’t matter who ______ there in his place．?
A) will go&&&& B) go to?
C) went&&&&&&& D) goes?
31．When he graduates from the university this summer,Tom ______ here for four years．?
A) will be studying&&&& B) will study?
C) will have studied&&& D) studies?
32．The little girl told me her name only after I ______ her mine．?
A) had told&&&&&&&&& B) told?
C) tell&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) have told?
33．I’d like to know when he ______ back．?
A)is&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) will be?
C) be&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) would be?
34．Whatever ______,you should keep cool-headed．?
A) happened&&&&&& B) should happen?
C) will happen&&& D) happens?
35．I’ll let you have the book when I ______ through．?
A) will be&&& B) am going to be?
C) am&&& D) shall be?
36．________last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent．?
A) He left the school&&&& B) He has left school?
C) He had left school&&&& D) He left school?
37．I knew I could not finish the homework________．?
A) by he had come&&&&&&& B) until he has come?
C) when he comes&&&&&&&& D) before he came?
38．The government________to approve the use of widespread surveillance when the Justice Department took objections．?
A) is going&&&&&&&&& B) had been?
C) was about& &&&&&&&D) is coming?
39．I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped_______．?
A) him calling me&&&&&& B) that he would call me?
C) him to call me&&&&&& D) that he call me?
40．Do not disturb me．I_______letters all morning and have written ten
A) write&&&&&&&&&&& B) have written?
C) was writing&&&&& D) have been writing?
41．Mr．Brown_______here for two weeks．?
A) has already been&&&&& B) is already being?
C) has already been being D) is already?
42．Hand in your papers when you______ the test．?
A) are finishing&&&&&& B) will finish?
C)will have finished&& D) have finished?
43．By the time the course ends,______ a lot about Britain．?
A) we’ll learn&&&& B) we are learning?
C) we have learned&& D) we’ll have learnt?
44．My father_______．?
A) has forever criticized me& B) forever criticizes me?
C) does forever criticize me& D) is forever criticizing me?
45.James has just arrived,but I didn’t know he______until yesterday．?
A) will come&&&&&&&&&&& B)was coming?
C)had been coming&&&&&& D)comes?
46．Whenever I ______ these days,I always carry my raincoat．?
A) shall go out&&&&&&& B) am going out?
C) would go out&&&&&&& D) go out?
47．I had hoped_______my letter．?
A) her to answer&&&&&& B)that she answer?
C)that she would answer D)her answering?
48．This is the first time _______really relaxed for months．?
A) I’ve felt&&&&&&&& B)I feel?
C)felt&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)I am feeling?
49．They were quarrelling about the property their father _______ them when he_______．?
A) left…died&&& B)left…had been dead?
C)had left…died D)had left…was died?
50．I______that we would be able to leave tomorrow,but it’s beginnig to look difficult．?
A) hoped&&&&&&&&&&&& B)had hoped?
C)was hoping&&&&&&&& D)would hope?
51．The company_________a rise in salary for ages,but nothing has happened yet．?
A) is promised&&&&&& B)has been promising?
C)is promising&&&&&& D)promised?
52．There was a knock at the door．It was the second time someone________me that evening．?
A) had interrupted&&&& B)would have interrupted?
C)to have interrupted& D)to interrupt?
53．The new one?way scheme______for just over six months,and traffic
has improved considerably as a result．?
A) has been operated&&& B)has to be operated?
C)has been operating&&& D)had operating?
54．They were sweating all over because they ______ basketball for more than two hours．?
A) were playing&&&&&& B)were to play?
C)were to have played D)had been playing?
55．Ever since the world began,nations ______ difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbours．?
A) have had& &&&&&&&&&B)have?
C)had&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)had had?
56．I would very much like to have gone to see the movie,but I ______ a ticket．?
A) shall not have&&& B)haven’t had?
C)don’t have&&&&&&& D)didn’t have?
57．When Kate came to call on me,I had just finished my washing and _______ to prepare my lunch．?
A) have started&&&&&& B)would have started?
C)had been starting&& D)was starting?
58．I ______ work last week,but I changed my mind．?
A) were to start&&&&&& B)was to start?
C)was to have started& D)had started?
59．By the middle of the 21st century,the vast majority of the world’s population ________ in cities rather than in the country．?
A) are living&&&&&&& B)will be living?
C)have lived&&&&&&&& D)will have lived?
60．I’ll come to your office as soon as I ______ the paper．?
A) obtain&&&&&&&&&& B)will obtain?
C)am to obtain&&&&& D)have obtained
第六讲被动语态?
&I.学习重点
&被动语态的时态形式?
各种句型的主动语态转换为被动语态的方法?
短语动词的被动语态?
&get型被动语态
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动
语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语
是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的??ed?形式”构
成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。?
Ⅲ．自测题?
1．The goods ______ when we arrived at the airport．?
A) were just unloading&&& B) were just being unloaded?
C) had just unloaded&&&&& D) were just been unloaded?
2．The problem ______ for two hours at the meeting．?
A) was discussed&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) has discussed?
C) has been being discussed&&& D) has been discussed?
3．Greater efforts to increase grain production ______ if food shortages are to be avoided．?
A) is being made&&& B) must be made?
C) have to make&&& D) is making?
4．The instruments will have to be carefully tested before they ______．?
A) are being used&&& B) will be used?
C) can be used&&&&&& D) use?
5．Each pupil ______ an orange at the end of yesterday?s party．?
A) has been offered&&& B) were offered?
C) was offered&&&&&&&& D) has offered?
6．People who live along this road receive their mail in these boxes．But why are all of the ______??
A) grey painted mailboxes&&& B) mailboxes grey painted?
C) mailboxes painted grey&&& D) painted grey mailboxes?
7．It was not until man had learned how to make iron and steel that the construction of various machines ______ possible．?
A) were made&&& B) had made?
C) made&&&&&&&& D) was made?
8．The man who doesn’t work ______ work．?
A) made&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) should be made to?
C) should be made&&& D) has to be made?
9．He was ______ to be clever but dishonest．?
A) thought as&&&& B) thinking?
C) to think&&&&&& D) thought?
10．John ______ the best singer in his class．?
A) regards to be&&&& &&B) regards as?
C) has regarded as&&&& D) is regarded as?
11．Mr．Smith ______ by a large majority vote at the board ?meeting．?
A) has turned down&&& B) was turned down?
C) was turned&&&&&&&& D) had turned down?
12．The sports meet ______ because of the weather．?
A) puts off&&&&&& B) was putted off?
C) was put off&&& D) has put off
13．Such success ______ when we first started．?
A) was never thought&&&&&& B) has never been thought?
C) was never thought of&&& D) did not think of
14．More and more attention ______ adult education both at home and abroad．?
A) is paying to&&&&&&&& B) are paid to?
C) has being paid to&&& D) has been paid to?
15．Mary got angry when she realized she ______．?
A) was being made fun of&&& B) has been making fun of?
C) is made fun of&&&&&&&&&& D) made fun of?
16．— The ceremony has already started．?
— Look! The flag is ______ now．?
A) being raised&&& B) being rose?
C) risen&&&&&&&&&& D) raising?
17．Bill ______ a job in a factory,but he refused to take it．?
A) was offered&&&& B) offered?
C) was offering&&& D) had offered?
18．In 1950,she was the largest ship that ______．?
A) was ever built&&&&&&&& B) has ever built?
C) has ever been built&&& D) had ever been built
19．I should very much like to go to the party,but ______．?
A) I am not invited&&&& B) I have not been invited?
C) I was not invited&&& D) I will not be invited
20．The work ______ by the time you get here．?
A) will have been done&&& B)is done?
C) had been done&&&&&&&&& D) would have done?
21．The construction of the laboratory ______ by the end of next month．?
A) must have completed&&& B) must have been completed?
C) must be completed&&&&& D) must complete?
22．The Anti-Japanese War ______ in 1937．?
A) broke out&&&& B) was broken out?
C) had broken out&&& D) was happened?
23．She was told the examination ______ on Friday．?
A) will be given&&& B) would be given?
C) to be given&&& D) is given?
24．I’ll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ______ if
we leave it here．?
A) would be fined&&& B) will be fined?
C) will being fined&&& D) will have been fined?
25．They believed that by using computers the production of their? factory
&______．?
A) will greatly increase&&&&&&&& B) would greatly increase?
C) would be increased greatly&&& D) will& been great increased
26．Lenin often spoke to his comrades and ______ with enthusiasm．?
A) was always listened to&&&& B) was always listened?
C) always listened to&&&&&&&& D) always was listened?
27．This film ______ this Saturday．?
A) shows&&&&&&&&&&&& B) will show?
C) is to be shown&&& D) is to show?
28．The children ______ many times not to go near the river．?
A) have told&&&&&&&& B) told?
C) have been told&&& D) were being told?
29．I think much attention ______ your pronunciation．?
A) must be paid to&&& B) ought be paid to?
C) must pay to&&&&&&& D) should be paid by?
30．John will have to go to work by bus as his car ______．?
A) is repaired&&&&&&&&&&& B) is being repaired?
C) is needed repairing&&& D) is needed repairs?
31．Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them ______ taken in the past．?
A) was not&&&&&&&&&& B)were not?
C)were not being&&&& D)being not?
32．My pictures _______ until next week．?
A) won’t develop&&&& B)aren’t developing?
C)don’t develop&&&&& D)won’t be developed?
33.All the apparatus _____ before the experiment began．?
A) have been prepared&&&& B)were prepared?
C)had been prepared&&&&&& D)had prepared?
34．It’s upsetting when a person ______ for a crime that he didn’t commit．?
A) is punishing&&&&& B)will punish?
C)have punished&&&&& D)gets punished?
35．Enough _______ on how to take useful things out of rubbish．?
A) has said&&&&&&&& B)was said?
C)has been said&&&& D)will be said?
36．The Smiths ______ rooms in the hotel,for their houses ______ in the explosion．?
A)had been destroyed?
B)destroyed?
C)was destroyed?
D)had been destroyed?
37．I wasn’t surprised she ______ elected after all the efforts she made．?
A) got&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)took?
C)grew&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)turned?
38．_______ thousands of different species of beetles．?
A) There is known to be&&&& B)There are known to be?
C)There is to be known&&&&& D)Known there are to be?
39.It is reported that a new railway station ______ there by the end of next month．?
A) will be built&& &&B)has built?
C)was built&&&&&&&&& D)will have been built?
40．Your hair wants______．You’d better have it done tomorrow．?
A) cut&&&&&&&&&& B)to cut?
C)cutting&&&&&&& D)being cut
第七讲虚拟语气?
&I.学习重点
&虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法?
&虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法?
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法?
&虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的用法?
&虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法?
&虚拟语气在if only〖WT〗引导的感叹句中的用法?
&虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的用法〖HT〗〖BG)〗
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
虚拟语气是历年考试中结构选择部分的最常见的也是必不可少的一个语法项目。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况.?
Ⅲ．自测题?
1．His car must have broken down,or he ______then．?
A) would have been here&&&& B) had to be here?
C) should be here&&&&&&&&&& D) would be here?
2． We consider it necessary that a careful plan______ before doing work．?
& A) should make&&&&&& B) be made&&&&& ?
C) to be made&&&&&&& D) will be made?
3． The picture exhibition bored me to death． I wish I&&& ______ to it．?
&& A) have not gone&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) did not go?
&& C) could not have gone&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) had not gone?
4． Your suggestion that he ______& till next week is reasonable．?
&& A) wait&&&&&&&&&&&& B) will wait&&&&&&& ?
C) shall wait&&&&& D) waits?
5． Since the meeting is very important, I’d rather______．?
&& A) you yourself would attend it& B) you yourself attended it?
&&& C) you yourself attend it&&&&&& D) you yourself will attend it?
6． Had she come yesterday, I& ______& her the truth．?
&& A) did tell&&&&&& B) told&&&&&&&&&& ?
C) would have told&& D) would tell?
7． I don’t know what I’d have done if I&& ______ to make that decision.
A) have had&&&& B) would have&&&& ?
C) had had&&&&&&&&& D) had?
8．It’s high time that you& ______ to correct that mistake．?
& A) have learnt&&&&&& B) learn&&&&&&&&&&&& ?
C) will learn&&&&&&&&& D) learnt?
9． Because he had a bad cold, his mother insisted that he&& ______to school．?
& A) mustn’t go&&&&& B) not go&&&&&&&&& ?
C) do not go&&&&&&& D) would not go?
10． The headmaster gave orders that the test& ______before ?12:30．?
&& A) will be finished&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) be finished?
&& C) shall finish&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) will finish?
11．It is important that the customs of all nations& ______ respected．?
&&&& A) be&&&&&&&&&& B) are&& ?
&&&& C) must be&&&&& D) will be?
12． It is necessary that he&& ______&&&&&& in time to attend the meeting．
? A) will come&&&&&&& B) comes&&&&&&&&& ?
C) come&&&&&&&&&&& D) came?
13． He’s working hard for fear that he______．?
&&&& A) would fall behind&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) fell behind?
&&&& C) may fall behind&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) should fall behind?
&14．He ordered that the work& ______ started at once．?
&&&& A) be&&&&&&&&&& B)is?
C) was&&&&&&&&& D)being?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
15． If you had followed the doctor?s advice, you ______all right now
& A) will become&&&& B) could have become?
C) would become&&& D) became?
16．I would have said “Hello” to him if I ______your brother．?
A)could see&&& B)had seen?
C)will see&&& D)will have seen?
17．If I had a bike,I ______it to you yesterday．?
A)would have lent&&& B)would lend?
C)would have lend&&& D)could lend?
18．______,John would not have failed．?
A)If he has listened to me&&& B)Had he listened to me?
C)If he listened to me&&&&&&& D)As he listened to me?
19．I wished it______but it did．?
A)occurred not&&&&&&& B)did not occur?
C)had not occurred&&& D)would not occur?
20．I______Professor Jones had taught me this question．?
A)believe&&& B)deeply think?
C)wish&&&&&& D)suppose?
21．The sun rises in the east and sets in the west,so it seems as if the sun______round the earth．?
A)circles&&&&&&& B)is circling?
C)be circling&&& D)were circling[?
22．— I think that the Smiths were embarrassed by Jane’s ?generosity?．
— She insisted______it as a gift．?
A)no them to accept&&& B)their accepting?
C)that they accept&&& D)that they accepted?
23．Jill would rather we ______now,but we must go to work．?
A)not leave&&&&&&& B)had not left?
C)didn’t leave&&& D)not to be left?
24．I’d just as soon______those important papers with you．?
A)that you won’t take&&& B)your not taking?
C)please don’t you take&&& D)you didn’t take?
25．If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed,we’d ______there by now．?
A)be&&&&&&&&&&&& B)get?
C)have got at&&& D)have been?
26．Peter wishes that he ______law instead of literature when he was in college．?
A)had studied&&& B)studied?
C)could study&&& D)would study?
27．______,Gerald would have been a rich man．?
A)Was he to enter business?B)Were he entered business?
C)Had he entered business?D)If he was to enter business?
28．If only I ______how to operate an electronic computer as you do．?
A)had known&&& B)would know?
C)should know&&& D)knew?
29．— Where have you been??
— I got c______I would have been here sooner．?
A)however&&& B)although?
C)anyway&&& D)otherwise?
30．John would rather that Jane______to the party yesterday ?evening．
A)did not go&&& B)not go?
C)had not gone&&& D)wouldn’t gone?
31．The chief editor recommended that everyone______this ?paper．?
A)must refer to&&& B)referred to?
C)would refer to&&& D)refer to?
32．______no electronic computer,there would have been no artificial satellites or rockets．?
A)Had there been&&& B)If there were?
C)Should there be&&& D)If there are?
33．It was essential that the application form______back before the deadline．?
A)must be sent&&& B)be sent?
C)would be sent&&& D)were sent?
34．It is urgent that they______from the mountain before dark．?
A)shall be rescued&&& B)will be rescued?
C)be rescued&&& D)must rescue?
35．______the fog,we should have reached our destination．?
A)Because of&&&& B)In case of?
C)In spite of&&& D)But for?
36．It is natural that an employee______his work on time．?
A)finished&&& B)finishes?
C)finish&&& D)finishing?
37．If you______that movie last night,you wouldn’t be sleepy now．?
A)haven’t watched&&& B)didn’t watch?
C)hadn’t watched&&& D)wouldn’t& have watched?
38．What do you think of his proposal that improvement ______in the old type of vacuum cleaner??
A)be made&&&&&&&& B)would be made?
C)will be made&&& D)will have to be made?
39．I’d rather you______anything about it for the time being．?
A)do&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)won’t do?
C)didn’t do&&&&& D)hadn’t do?
40．It is suggested that all controls______at the front of the ?machine.?
A)mount&&&&&&&&& B)be mounted?
C)are mounted&&& D)will be mounted?
41．My idea is that our group______the other groups to a friendly competiti
A)challenge&&&&&&&&& B)will challenge?
C)would challenge&&& D)challenges?
42．He’s working hard for fear that he______to pass the exam．?
A)fails&&&&&&&&& B)may fail?
C)should fail&&& D)would fail?
43．I’d rather you ______your mouth shut．?
A)keep&&&&&&&& B)kept?
C)will keep&&& D)have kept?
44．Had it not been for the traffic jam,I______late for class．?
A)would have been&&& B)won’t have been?
C)have been&&&&&&&&& D)wouldn’t have been?
45．Mother told me to take an umbrella lest I ______a cold．?
A)should catch&&& B)caught?
C)catch&&&&&&&&&& D)will catch?
46．If the sea ______ 500 feet ,India would become an island．?
A)& is to rise&&& B) were risen?
C) has risen&&&&& D) were to rise?
47．They ______ so tired,if they hadn?t been walking for a whole day.?
A) wouldn’t be feeling&&&& B) would feel ?
C) would have felt&&&&&&&&& D) are not feeling?
48．If only he ______ differently, he might still be the director of the
faculty．?
A) behaved&&&&&&&& B) have behaved?
C) had behaved&&&& D) behaves?
49．He had just arrived, but he talked as if he ______ about our plan．?
A) had known&&& B) knew?
C) knows&&&&&&& D) has known?
50．How I wish we ______ as we were told! This would never have happened.
A) had done&&& B) would do
第八讲助动词
I.学习重点
助动词的用法基本
半助动词的用法?
&情态助动词的一般用法?
“情态助动词+have done”的用法
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
英语中的助动词的句法功能是协助主动词构成动词词组，它不能单独充当谓语动词。英语助动词分为三大类：①基本助动词(如be,do,have);②半助动词(如have to,had better,& be going to,be able to,be about to,seem to等)；③情态助动词(如must,may,should等)。英语四级考试对助动词的考查主要是情态助动词。所以本章我们主要论述情态助动词的用法。情态助动词不同于一般助动词，它本身有词义，表示说话人的语气或情态。但情态助动词的
词义又不像实义动词那样完全，它不能单独作谓语，只能和不带to的动词不定式(ought等除外.
Ⅲ．自测题?
1．Since the ditch is full of water,______last night．?
A)there might have been rain?
B)it must be raining?
C)it must have rained?
D)there must have rain?
2．Look what you have done!You______more careful．?
A)must be&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)may be?
C)would have been&&&&&&& D)should have been?
3．Mary_______yesterday if she was really serious about her work．?
A)ought have come&&&&&&&& B)ought to have come?
C)ought to come&&& &&&&&&&D)ought to be coming?
4．Her performance in the exams is excellent．She______a lot of time studying?
A)may spend&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)must spend?
C)must have spent&&&&&&&& D)had spent?
5．You______pay the money,but you_______do so at once．?
A)needn’t;must& &&&&&&&&B)need?
C)must&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)needn’t?
6．Comrade Wang _______be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago．?
A)mustn’t&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)can’t?
C)may not&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)isn’t able to?
7．The car plunged into the river．The drive________ get out but the passengers
&were drowned．?
A)was able to&&&&&&&&&&&& B)succeeded to?
D)might&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 8.You _________ the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to
A)needn’t to come&&&&&& B)don’t need come?
C)don’t need coming&&&& D)needn’t com?
9．— Did they blame him for his mistakes??
— Yes,but they _________so．?
A)would rather not do&&&&& B)shouldn’t do?
C)shouldn’t have done&&&& D)had better not do?
10．— Did your brother break the window??
— He_______have done it．I am not sure．?
A)will not&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)might?
C)can&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)must?
11． Since it is already midnight,we______．?
A)had better left&&&&& B)ought to have left?
C)should take leave &&&D)might as well leave?
12． Tthe Turners ______to bed．?
A)should go&&&&&&&& B)should have gone?
C)must have gone&&& D)must go?
13． My father______such a thing．?
A)can’t have said&&& B)might not have said?
C)couldn’t say&&& D)must not have said?
14． He went on foot,but he ______by bus．?
A)might as well go&&& B)should go?
C)could have gone&&& D)must have gone?
15． “Where are my keys?I______them．”?
A)must lose&&&&&&& B)should have lost?
C)can have lost&&& D)might have lost?
16． Where ______wait for you??
A)do you want me&&& B)will I?
C)shall I&&&&&&&&&& D)would you hope me to?
17． The swimmer was very tired but he______reach the shore before he collapsed．?
A)might&&&&&&&&&& B)can?
C)succeeded to&&& D)was able to?
18． ______to you like that??
A)How dared he spoke&&& B)How dares he speak?
C)How dare he speak&&& D)How dares he to speak?
19． Ann doesn’t like milk．She says that she______it at home．?
A)was never used to drink&&& B)was never used to drinking?
C)never used to drink&&&&&&&& D)never used to drinking?
20． Some people feel that firearms______．?
A)need be controlled&&& B)must have been controlled?
C)can be controlled&&& D)should be controlled?
21． ______to have lunch with us today??
A)Do you like&&&&& B)Would you like?
C)Will you like&&& D)Shall you like
22． You ______him that the day before．?
A)ought not to have told&&& B)must not have told?
C)should not tell&&&&&&&&&& D)ought not to tell?
23． When I was a boy,I ______chocolate．?
A)would like&&&&&&&&& B)used to like?
C)was used to like&&& D)should like?
24．— You missed a golden opportunity．?
— Yes,I______that job when it was offered．?
A)must take&&&&&&&&&& B)should have taken?
C)might have taken&&& D)ought to take
25． When we reached the station,the train had& so we______．?
A)needed not to hurry&&&&&&&& B)needn’t have hurried?
C)need not to have hurried&&& D)didn’t need to hurry?
26． Most of the people in the group felt rather disappointed at their travelling abroad．They say that it ______better organized．?
A)might have been&&& B)had been?
C)had to be&&&&&&&&& D)must have been?
27． My sister wasn’t in Paris last month,so you______her there．?
A)might not have seen&&& B)can’t have seen?
C)must not have seen&&& D)shouldn’t have seen?
28． I want to go to the grocery,but you______with me．?
A)need not to go&&& B)don’t need go?
C)not need to go&&& D)need not go?
29． — The lecturer was a tall, thin man with white hair．?
— Then it______Dr．Fell because he is short and fat．It______Dr．Jhe is thin．?
A)can’must be?
B)couldn’might have been?
C)can’t be?
D)can’must have been?
30． I wonder why they haven’t arrived yet．I told them how to get here but
perhaps I ______them a map．?
A)should give&&&&&&&&&&& B)had to give?
C)ought to have given&&& D)must have given?
31． — Martin is taking pictures of wild animals．?
— Oh,no．He______killed．?
A)might be&&& B)might have been?
C)must be&&& D)would probably have been?
32． You______me because I didn’t say anything like that．?
A)must misunderstand&&&&&&&&& B)may misunderstand?
C)could have misunderstand&&& D)must have misunderstood?
33． No one______that to his face．?
A)dares say&&& B)dares saying?
C)dare say&&& D)dare to say?
34． Some people think that if you can’t say something nice about a person,then you______anything at all．?
A)mustn’t have said&&& B)shouldn’t say?
C)needn’t have said&&& D)wouldn’t say?
35． — Do you believe that James will apologize to Mary??
— I don’t know．He______．?
A)should&&& B)would?
C)ought&&& D)will?
36．Mr Jones,_______you tell me what has happened??
A) may&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) must?
C) might&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D) could?
37．As it turned out to be a small party,we ________up so formally．?
A) needn’t dress&&&&&&& B) didn’t need have dressed?
C) did not need dress&&& D) needn’t have dressed?
38． I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left．I ______
him earlier．?
A) had a telephone&&&&&& B) have phoned?
C) should have phoned&&& D) should be phoned
39． He was a good swimmer so he_______swim to the riverbank when the boat sank．?
A) could&&&&&& &&&&B) might?
C) succeeded to&&& D) was able to ?
40． You_______read that article if you don’t want to．?
A) haven’t&&&&& B) can’t?
C)mustn’t&&&&&& D)needn’t
第九讲不定式?
&I.学习重点
&不定式(短语)的句法功能?
不定式的时态?
&不定式的语态?
&不定式和疑问词连用?
&不定式的复合结构?
省略[WTHZ]to[WT]的不定式
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
不定式是非限定动词的一种形式，它是由“to+动词原形”构成的。to是不定式的符号，本
身没有意义。不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。不定式具有名词、形
容词、副词的特征，同时也保留动词的某些特征。不定式和自己的宾语、状语构成不定式短
语，如：to learn English,to speak at the meeting。不定式的否定形式是在其前直接加
not或 never，如：not to be late,never to make such mistakes。不定式既然有动词的特征，当然也就有时态之分，有语态之别。?
Ⅲ．自测题?
1． They would rather______on with the house building than______it up．?
A)to give&&& B)give?
C)give&&&&&& D)giving?
2． If the work ______by the end of the month is delayed,the construction company will be fined．?
A)will be completed?
B)will have been completed?
C)to be completed?
D)being completed?
3． Another man?made earth satellite is reported______orbit yesterday．?
A)to have been put into&&& B)to have been put?
C)to be put into&&&&&&&&&& D)to put into?
4． No matter how hard I searched,the receipt was nowhere______．?
A)to have found&&& B)to be founded?
C)being found&&&&& D)to be found?
5． It is hard______the problem without others? help．?
A)for him to solve&&& B)that he might solve?
C)for him solving&&&& D)his solving?
6． ______such an attitude is to seek truth from facts．?
A)People adopt&&&& B)While adopting?
C)Being adopted&&& D)To adopt?
7． Although he tries his best,much work______．?
A)remains not done&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)remain not to do?
C)does not remain to be done&&& D)remains still to be done?
8． Some students find______．?
A)boring to remember English words?
B)it to remember English words boring?
C)it boring to remember English words?
D)remember English words boring it?
9． As a matter of fact,I thought______．?
A)it not to criticize him best?B)best not to criticize him?
C)it best to not criticize him?D)it best not to criticize him?
10． Jones wants______a company by himself instead of ______his father’s．
A)taking over&&& B)take over?
C)take over&&&&& D)taking over?
11． On hearing the bad news,she could do nothing______．?
A)but crying&&& B)while crying?
C)except cry&&& D)only to cry?
12． Rather than______any more,I decided to go home by taxi．?
A)my waiting&&& B)to have waited?
C)waiting for&&& D)wait?
13． They don’t allow______in the room．?
A)to smoke&&& B)us smoke?
C)us to smoke&&& D)to be smoked?
14． The manager could do nothing______the secretary’s suggestion．?
A)only to agree to&&& B)until agree to?
C)but agree to&&& D)except agreeing to?
15． Under the pressure of policemen,the criminal______confess his guilt．?
A)could not only&&& B)only to?
C)could not but&&& D)could not unless?
16． The brave young man would rather die______．?
A)never surrender&&& B)than surrender?
C)without surrendering&&& D)not to surrender?
17． The companies can not choose______with each other．?
A)unless cooperate&&& B)only cooperate?
C)but cooperate&&& D)apart from cooperate?
18． I have spent much time encouraging______．?
A)them reading&&& B)that they read?
C)them to read&&& D)their reading?
19． Let’s hurry______be late for the party．?
A)in order to not&&& B)to not?
C)not to&&&&&&&&&&&& D)so as not to?
20． I have enjoyed my visit here．I am very sorry______．?
A)to leave&&&&& B)for leaving?
C)of leaving&&& D)with leaving?
21． Have you ever______a lie??
A)know me to tell&&& B)knew me to tell?
C)know me tell&&&&&& D)known me tell?
22． Did you notice the little boy______??
A)took the candy and run away?
B)taking the candy and run away?
C)who take the candy and run away?
D)take the candy and run away?
23． John______the report for him．?
A)got his sister write&&&&&&&&& B)had his sister write?
C)made his sister in writing&&& D)let his sister to write?
24． The farmhands were made______their work．?
A)done&&& B)to be done?
C)to do&&& D)do?
25．He will______except lend you money．?
A)do anything for you&&&&&&& B)give you anything?
C)make everything for you&&& D)lend you everything?
26． He had nothing to ______the posters outside the house．?
A)see except look at?
B)do except to look at?
C)do except look at?
D)watch except to looking at?
27． She would sooner______．?
A)starved than surrendered?
B)starve than surrender?
C)starved than to surrender?
D)to starve than to surrender?
28． When the typist saw his funny look,she______．?
A)could not help to laugh?B)was not able to help laughter?
C)could not help but laugh?D)could not help but laughing?
29． — Would you help me with my lessons??
— Of course,but I can do______give you some advice．?
A)no more but to&&&&&&& B)not more than?
C)no more except to&&&& D)no more than?
30． He was said______a gift from her,knowing that it meant a bribe．?
A)to refuse&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B)to be refused?
C)to have been refused&&& D)to have refused?
31． The manuscript was thought______by Shakespeare．?
A)to write&&&&&&&&& B)to be written?
C)to have written&&& D)to have been written?
32． I was pleased______you last month．?
A)to meet&&&&&&& B)have to meet?
C)to have met&& &D)meeting?
33． It is important for the plan______．?
A)to put into practice?&& B)not to put into practice?
C)to be put into practice?D)to be not put into practice?
34． The lecture is hard______．?
A)to understand&&&&& B)for understanding?
C)to be understood&&& D)understand?
35． He is said to______the old couple for more than ten years．?
A)have looking after&&& B)have been looking after?
C)look for&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)be looking for?
36． There were not much______him．?
A)to be interested and amused&&& B)interesting and amusing?
C)to interest and amuse&&&&&&&&& D)interested and amused
37． I want a book______on the journey．?
A)to read&&&&&&& B)to be read?
C)for reading&&& D)having been read?
38． These apples are still too green and sour______．?
A)that they can be eaten?B)that they can’t have been eaten?
C)to be eaten?&&&&&&&&&&& D)for eating?
39． It is very kind______so．?
A)for you to say&&& B)for you to have said?
C)of you to say&&&& D)of that you say?
40． I have considered seeing Jane tomorrow,but I haven’t considered______my hand．?
A)having offered&&& B)to offer?
C)how to offer&&& D)offered?
41．John admitted that it’s always difficult _______．?
A) for him being on time&&&&& B) being on time for him?
C)for him to be on time&&&&&& D)on time for him?
42．A good administrator must know_______．?
A) to be firm&&&&&&&&&&&& B) to have firmness?
C)the way of firmness&&&& D)how to be fir?
43．They would rather_______for a walk．?
A) going&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B) be go?
C)to go&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D)go?
44．Several of these washers and dryers are out of order and _______．
A) need to be repairing?
B) repairing is required of them?
C) require that they be repaired?
D) need to be repaired?
45．There was nothing they could do______．?
A) but wait B) except waiting?
C) only to wait D) unless they waited?
46．Last night,in a radio address,the president urged us______to the Red Cross．?
A) that we subscribe&&&&&& B) subscribe?
C) subscribing&&&&&&&&&&&& D) to subscribe?
47．—Where are you going??
—To help the neighbors_______the dinner party．?
A) get ready&&&&&&&&& B) getting ready?
C)get ready for&&&&&& D)by getting ready?
48．Now the need________other peoples’? language is becoming greater and
& greater．?
A) to learn&&&&&&&&&&& B) learning?
C)to be learned&&&&&&&& D)being learned?
49．It is necessary_________the book immediately．?
A) for him to return&&&&& B) that he returns?
C)his returning&&&&&&&&&& D)to him return?
50．Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult______.?
A) to achieve success today?B) to succeed successfully today?
C)to come off well today?&& D)at being successful today
第十讲 V-ing形式?
&I.学习重点
&V-ing形式的句法功能?
&V-ing形式的复合结构／独立主格结构?
&V-ing形式的时态形式?
&V-ing形式的被动语态?
&固定搭配中的V-ing形式
Ⅱ．重点讲解?
这里所说的V-ing形式包括了传统语法书中所讲的“现在分词”和“动名词”。V-ing形式也是一种非限定动词。它有一般形式和完成形式，以及主动语态和被动语态的区别。?
Ⅲ．自测题?
1． Bad weather prevented the construction from ______in time．?
A)having completed&&& B)completed?
C)completing&&&&&&&&& D)being completed?
2． ______,Mary ran out of the classroom．?
A)With tear in her eyes and a sudden turn?
B)Turning suddenly,with tears in her eyes?
C)With a sudden turn tearful eyes?
D)Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenly?
3． ______that the teacher was not in,she went back．?
A)Find&&& B)To find?
C)To have found&&& D)Finding ?
4． It’s no good______a lot but doing nothing．?
A)talk&&& B)talking?C)talked&&& D)to talk?
5． It is no use______him at this hour．?
A)to call&&& B)called?C)call&&& D)calling?
6． Is there anything here______??
A)worth to buy&&& B)worth of being bought?
C)worthy buying&&& D)worthy of being bought?
7． I don’t regret______even if it might have upset her．?
A)to tell her what I thought?
B)to have told her that I thought?
C)telling what I thought?
D)telling her what I thought?
8． The teacher said,“Stop______．”So we stopped______．?
A)to work&&& B)working?
C)to work&&& D)work?
9． My younger sister couldn’t help______when her toy fell into the river．
A)but to cry&&& B)but crying?
C)to cry&&& D)crying?
10． That bad egg wore dark glasses to avoid______．?
A)being recognized&&& B)to be recognized?
C)recognizing&&&&&&&& D)to recognized?
11． I love______,but I’d hate______in a crowded swimming pool．?
A)swimming&&& B)swimming?
C)to swim&&&& D)to swim?
12． These secondary routes may go up steep slopes,along high cliffs or down
frightening hillsides to towns______in deep valleys．?
A)lying&&& B)laying?
C)laid&&& D)lied ?
13． ______after a long walk,John called and said he couldn’t come．?
A)Having worn out&&& B)Being worn out?
C)To wear out&&& D)Worn out ?
14． I wasted all the afternoon______through piles of old letters．?
A)go&&&&& B)to go?
C)goes&&& D)going ?
15． He saw in the driving mirror and saw the lorry______over his car．?
A)come& &&&&&&&&&B)coming?
C)having come&&& D)to come ?
16． ______the operation successfully made him feel relaxed．?
A)Had performed&&& B)Having performed?
C)Have performed&&& D)To perform ?
17． ______the book has taken up much of his spare time．?
A)While he writes&&& B)That I wrote?
C)Writing&&&&&&&&&&& D)To write ?
18． It is______pretending to know what you don’t know．?
A)no good&&& B)not helpful?
C)not good&&& D)all right ?
19． Do you think it’s worthwhile______a new language??
A)to teach him learn?&&&&&& B)teaching him to learn?
C)for teaching him learning?D)teaching him to be learned
20． It’s a waste of time______him to our way of thinking．?
A)of you to try persuade&&& B)trying to persuade?
C)that you try persuade&&&& D)to try persuade?
21． ______,they went away disappointedly．?
A)All the tickets have sold out?
B)All the tickets having been sold out?
C)While having been sold out?
D)Having sold out all the tickets?
22． ______so much in the war has made Joe more thoughtful．?
A)Seeing&&& B)To see?
C)Had seen&&& D)Have seen?
23． It is no use______now．He is very busy．?
A)asking him to come&&& B)to ask him to come?
C)asking him coming&&& D)to ask him come?
24． ______a fine day,we decided to go out on a picnic．?
A)What&&& B)Having been?
C)Being&&& D)It being?
25． ______to get there at dawn me}