You can see it moving dayevery day.为什么用moving

求首歌的歌词_百度知道Realizing Your Dreams and Goals
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Am I actively moving toward my goals and dreams every day?
Everybody has dreams and most people have goals. If you want
and dreams to become reality, you must move toward them consistently and purposefully. By nature, we always begin with distance between where we are and where we want to be. Our job is to narrow that distance until it no longer exists. To accomplish that, we need to draw our goals and dreams closer to us, while simultaneously moving toward them.
Some people attempt to attract their goals without taking much action. Others choose to act on their goals, but without the added advantage of also drawing those goals to them. Action alone can bring positive results, but it is much faster to combine the two techniques.
For the sake of clarity, let’s differentiate between dreams and . In some conversations, the two might be interchangeable. Not so in this case. When I talk about dreams, I am really talking about highly desirable goals, future realities that we fully intend to realize. For our purposes, a dream is something that we are willing to work toward, and are determined to manifest, just like a goal.
What kind of dreams and goals do you have?
When you project your thoughts into the future, how do you see things? Do you see a variety of positive changes across the full spectrum of your life? Do you see yourself healthier, wealthier, and wiser? Are you willing to move toward that vision in order to realize it?
If so, then this is really a highly desirable goal, and that is exactly the kind of dreams we are talking about today.
3 ways to move toward the realization of your dreams
1) Total clarity. Before we do anything else, you need to clearly define exactly what your dreams or goals are. This is not the time to
you need to be very specific. One of the best ways for you to get really clear is to write down a detailed description of exactly what you want to accomplish.
Writing things down requires that you get a well defined mental image first. The very process of putting your thoughts into words creates clarity. This clarity will help you form a vivid mental image that you can carry around with you 24 hours a day. Most of the time your personal reference to your goals and dreams will be that mental image, but you will also be able to refer back to the written description to help you maintain clarity.
One of the most powerful things you can include when writing down your goals and dreams is how they make you feel. The feelings you attach to the things you intend to accomplish are your greatest source of
and energy. So, be sure to include your feelings in your written description. Think carefully about each aspect of this future reality. How does it make you feel? What emotional anchors resonate with each detail? Write them down.
As you read back through your written description, allow yourself to experience those feelings and get emotionally involved in the picture. When you conjure up this mental image of how your life is going to be, fully experience it on an emotional level. This is the true power of having clearly defined goals and dreams, and identifying your emotional attachments to them.
2) Take action. Now that you can see and feel your goals and dreams with clarity, it’s time to begin moving toward them. What steps do you need to take to move you closer to realizing these dreams? What sequence do those steps need to be in to produce your intended result? What action can you take each and every day to keep you moving in the right direction? Once again, writing these things down will produce clarity. It is much easier to take action when you know what actions need to be taken.
Reaching your goals means that you need to take the proper actions at the right time. There is a natural sequence that will produce your intended result. Following the right sequence allows events to unfold in a very productive way. Always take time to create an action plan. Not only will it keep you moving in the right direction, but it will also allow you to anticipate what comes next.
Of course, we can’t anticipate everything, and we need to be willing to make adjustments along the way. That’s the beauty of having an action plan, it allows us to be flexible without getting too far off course. So, even though we will need to make minor adjustments, a plan keeps us heading in th
direction of your dreams until we reach them.
3) Attract your dreams to you. Now that you know exactly where you are going, how you feel about it, and how you are going to get there, what’s next? When we started out there was distance between you and the dreams and goals you are working toward. You have been actively closing that distance by
for the future. Now, it’s time to draw your dreams toward you.
How can you do that? It’s really just a matter of perspective. Up until now, you have been projecting yourself into this vision that exists in the future, but let’s reverse that. Instead of projecting yourself into a future reality, allow yourself to receive that reality in the present tense.
See yourself as stationary and your
as moving toward you, and then let them surround and engulf you. Wrap yourself up in them like a giant blanket. Feel the joy of receiving that vision. Imagine how wonderful it feels to have the reality of that vision totally permeate your life right now. Feel your dreams realized in the here and now.
Here are a couple of examples:
*** If part of
was a beautiful new home, don’t see see yourself in the middle of that beautiful dream house. See yourself living there, going about your daily activities, feeling completely at home and comfortable. See yourself as a full participant, not a spectator.
*** If you have been actively moving toward a new career, visualize yourself actually performing the duties of that career. Again, don’t see it from the outside as a spectator would. If your new career involves a desk, a computer, and a telephone, put yourself there. Look at the screen, answer the phone, lean back in that amazingly comfortable leather chair – participate!
Always harness the power of a 3 dimensional approach
By employing all three of these techniques, your dreams will become your realities much faster than you may have thought possible. Nothing in life is one-dimensional. The quicker you shorten the distance between where you are and where you want to be, the more
you become. This approach allows you to override the perceived limitations of time and space, and to more fully comprehend your own ability to manifest your dreams and goals.
What do you think about this approach?
Can you see yourself living your dreams?
The lines are open!
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PGlmcmFtZSB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzcmM9Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnlvdXR1YmUuY29tL2VtYmVkL0hPU0FEdkpuckc4P3JlbD0wIiBmcmFtZWJvcmRlcj0iMCIgYWxsb3dmdWxsc2NyZWVuPjwvaWZyYW1lPg==
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PGlmcmFtZSB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzcmM9Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnlvdXR1YmUuY29tL2VtYmVkL29BZUlORklEMFpRP3JlbD0wIiBmcmFtZWJvcmRlcj0iMCIgYWxsb3dmdWxsc2NyZWVuPjwvaWZyYW1lPg==
PGlmcmFtZSB3aWR0aD0iMTAwJSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMDAlIiBzcmM9Imh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnlvdXR1YmUuY29tL2VtYmVkL3lWcXlJMnhzMS1rP3JlbD0wIiBmcmFtZWJvcmRlcj0iMCIgYWxsb3dmdWxsc2NyZWVuPjwvaWZyYW1lPg==托福.SAT.雅思.GRE.GMAT.LSAT”&通用提高阅读速度——传说看完这篇文章,你的速度就已经提高了
As our eyes move across the page they make a series of jerky
movements. Whenever they come to rest on a word that is called a
fixation. Most people fixate once on each word across a line of
print. &In order to make our speed increase we
must take in more words with each fixation, rather than make our
eyes move faster.
1. Try to avoid focusing on every word, but rather look at
groups of 2 to 3 words. For instance, this sentence could
be grouped in this manner:
for instance / this sentence / could be grouped / in this manner
2. Work on vocabulary improvement. Familiarize yourself
with new words so you don't get stuck on them when you read them
3. Read more! 15 minutes a day of reading an average size
novel equals 18 books a year at an average reading
4.Determine your purpose before reading. If you only need
main ideas, then allow yourself to skim the material. Don't feel
you must read very word.
5.Spend a few minutes a day reading at a faster than
comfortable rate (about 2 to 3 times faster than your normal
speed). Use your hand or an index card to guide your eyes
down the page. Then time yourself reading a few pages at your
normal speed. You'll find that often your normal reading speed will
increase after your skimming practice.
6. If you have poor concentration when reading, practice reading
for only 5 - 10 minutes at a time and gradually increase this
7.There are several books on increasing reading speed available in
most bookstores. If you are serious about increasing your rate you
may want to work systematically through one of these books
SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVING READING SPEED
Improvement of Reading Rate
It is safe to say that almost anyone can
double his speed of reading while maintaining equal or even higher
comprehension. In other words, anyone can improve the speed
with which he gets what he wants from his reading.
The average college student reads between 250 and 350 words per
minute on fiction and non-technical materials. A "good" reading
speed is around 500 to 700 words per minute, but some people can
read a thousand words per minute or even faster on these materials.
What makes the difference? There are three main factors
involved in improving reading speed: (1) the desire to improve, (2)
the willingness to try new techniques and (3) the motivation to
practice. :
Learning to read rapidly and well presupposes that you have the
necessary vocabulary and comprehension skills. When you have
advanced on the reading comprehension materials to a level at which
you can understand college-level materials, you will be ready to
speed reading practice in earnest.
The Role of Speed in the Reading Process
Understanding the role of speed in the
reading process is essential. Research has shown a close relation
between speed and understanding. For example, in checking progress
charts of thousands of individuals taking reading training, it has
been found in most cases that an increase in rate has been
paralleled by an increase in comprehension, and that where rate has
gone down, comprehension has also decreased.
Although there is at present little statistical evidence, it seems
that plodding word-by-word analysis (or word reading) inhibits
understanding. There is some reason to believe that the factors
producing slow reading are also involved in lowered comprehension.
Most adults are able to increase their rate of reading considerably
and rather quickly without lowering comprehension. These same
individuals seldom show an increase in comprehension when they
reduce their rate. In other cases, comprehension is
actually better at higher rates of speed. Such results,
of course, are heavily dependent upon the method used to gain the
increased rate. Simply reading more rapidly without actual
improvement in basic reading habits usually results in lowered
comprehension.
Factors that Reduce Reading Rate
Some of the facts which reduce reading rate:
(a) limited perceptual span i.e., word-by- (b) slow
perceptual reaction time, i.e., slowness of recognition and
resp (c) vocalization, including the need to
vocalize in order to a (d) faulty eye
movements, including inaccuracy in placement of the page, in return
sweep, in rhythm and regularity of movement, etc.; (e) regression,
both habitual and as associated with hab (f)
faulty habits of attention and concentration, beginning with simple
inattention during the reading act and faulty processes of
(g) lack of practice in reading, due simply to the fact
that the person has read very little and has limited reading
interests so that very little reading is practiced in the daily or
(h) fear of losing comprehension, causing the
person to suppress his rate deliberately in the firm belief that
comprehension is improved if he spends more time on the individual
(i) habitual slow reading, in which the person cannot read
faster because he has always read slowly, (j) poor evaluation of
which aspects are important and w and (k) the
effort to remember everything rather than to remember
selectively.
Since these conditions act also to reduce comprehension increasing
the reading rate through eliminating them is likely to result in
increased comprehension as well. This is an entirely different
matter from simply speeding up the rate of reading without
reference to the conditions responsible for the slow rate. In fact,
simply speeding the rate especially through forced acceleration,
may actually result, and often does, in making the real reading
problem more severe. In addition, forced acceleration may even
destroy confidence in ability to read. The obvious solution then is
to increase rate as a part of a total improvement of the whole
reading process. This is a function of special training programs in
Basic Conditions for Increased Reading Rate
A well planned program prepares for maximum
increase in rate by establishing the necessary conditions. Four
basic conditions include:
1. Have your eyes checked. Before embarking on a
speed reading program, make sure that any correctable eye defects
you may have are taken care of by checking with your eye doctor.
Often, very slow reading is related to uncorrected eye
2. Eliminate the habit of pronouncing words as you
read. If you sound out words in your throat or whisper
them, you can read slightly only as fast as you can read aloud. You
should be able to read most materials at least two or three times
faster silently than orally. If you are aware of sounding or
"hearing" words as you read, try to concentrate on key words and
meaningful ideas as you force yourself to read faster.
3. Avoid regressing (rereading). The average
student reading at 250 words per minute regresses or rereads about
20 times per page. Rereading words and phrases is a habit which
will slow your reading speed down to a snail's pace. Usually, it is
unnecessary to reread words, for the ideas you want are explained
and elaborated more fully in later contexts. Furthermore, the
slowest reader usually regresses most frequently. Because he reads
slowly, his mind has time to wander and his rereading reflects both
his inability to concentrate and his lack of confidence in his
comprehension skills.
4. Develop a wider eye-span. This will help you
read more than one word at a glance. Since written material is less
meaningful if read word by word, this will help you learn to read
by phrases or thought units.
Rate Adjustment
Poor results are inevitable if the reader
attempts to use the same rate indiscriminately for a-1 types of
material and for all reading purposes. He must learn to adjust his
rate to his purpose in reading and to the difficulty of the
material he is reading. This ranges from a maximum rate on easy,
familiar, interesting material or in reading to gather information
on a particular point, to minimal rate on material which is
unfamiliar in content and language structure or which must be
thoroughly digested. The effective rea the
ineffective reader uses the same rate for all types of
Rate adjustment may be overall adjustment to the article as a
whole, or internal adjustment within the article. Overall
adjustment establishes the basic rate at which the total article is
internal adjustment involves the necessary variations in rate
for each varied part of the material. As an analogy, you plan to
take a 100-mile mountain trip. Since this will be a relatively hard
drive with hills, curves, and a mountain pass, you decide to take
three hours for the total trip, averaging about 35 miles an hour.
This is your overall rate adjustment. However, in actual driving
you may slow down to no more than 15 miles per hour on some curves
and hills, while speeding up to 50 miles per hour or more on
relatively straight and level sections. This is your internal rate
adjustment. There is no set rate, therefore, which the good reader
follows inflexibly in reading a particular selection, even though
he has set himself an overall rate for the total job.
Overall rate adjustment should be based on your reading
plan, your reading purpose, and the nature and difficulty of the
material. The reading plan itself should specify the
general rate to be used. This is based on the total "size up". It
may be helpful to consider examples of how purpose can act
to help determine the rate to be used. To understand
information, skim or scan at a rapid rate. To determine value of
material or to read for enjoyment, read rapidly or slowly according
to you feeling. To read analytically, read at a moderate
pace to permit interrelating ideas. The nature and difficulty of
the material requires an adjustment in rate in conformity with your
ability to handle that type of material. Obviously, level
of difficulty is highly relative to the particular reader. While
Einstein's theories may be extremely difficult to most laymen, they
may be very simple and clear to a professor of physics. Hence, the
layman and the physics professor must make a different rate
adjustment in reading the same material. Generally,
difficult material will
simpler material will
permit a faster rate.
Internal rate adjustment involves selecting differing rates for
parts of a given article. In general, decrease speed when you find
the following (1) unfamiliar terminology not clear in context. Try
to understand it in c otherwise, read on and
(2) difficult sentence and
slow down enough to enable you to untangle them and get accurate
con (3) unfamiliar or abstract concepts. Look
for applications or examples of you own as well as studying those
of the writer. Take enough time to get
detailed, technical material. This includes complicated directions,
statements of difficult principles, materials on which you have
(5) material on which you want detailed
retention.
In general, increase speed when you meet the following: (a) simple
material with few ideas
move rapidly over the
spend most of your time on
unnecessary examples and illustrations. Since these are included to
clarify ideas, move over them rapidly when (c)
detailed explanation and idea elaboration which you do not need,
(d) broad, generalized ideas and ideas which are restatements of
previous ones. These can be readily grasped, even with scan
techniques.
In keeping your reading attack flexible, adjust your rate
sensitivity from article to article. It is equally important to
adjust you rate within a given article. Practice these techniques
until a flexible reading rate becomes second nature to you.
In summary, evidence has been cited which
seems to indicate a need for and value of a rapid rate of reading,
while at the same time indicating the dangers of speed in reading,
as such. We have attempted to point out the relationship
between rate of reading and extent of comprehension, as well as the
necessity for adjustment of reading rate, along with whole reading
attack, to the type of material and the purposes of the
Finally, the factors which reduce rate were surveyed as a basis for
pointing out that increase in rate should come in conjunction with
the elimination of these retarding aspects of the reading process
and as a part of an overall reading training program where increase
in rate is carefully prepared for in the training sequence.
TIPS FOR IMPROVING YOUR READING SPEED
The purpose of this section is to teach you how to increase you
reading speed. Shortly we will be adding a section for reading
BETTER as opposed to FASTER.
We all have a capacity for reading much faster than we typically
do. Our reading speed changes as we go through life. When we are in
high school, we go through about two hundred words a minute. We get
to college and, because we have to read faster due to more time
constraints and a much greater amount to read, we read faster. Most
people in college average about 400 words per minute. Then we get
out of college, and now we don't have to read so fast. There are no
longer time constraints, and we can read slow and easy. We find
ourselves dropping back down to about 200 words per minute.
Think of reading like you do a muscle, the more you read,
the better you get at it, the faster you're going to read.
And we have a great capacity for reading faster. We aren't even
scraping the surface of how fast we can read. You see, we have
1,000,000,000,000 brain cells. In fact, the inner connections, the
synapses, in our mind are virtually infinite. It has been estimated
by a Russian scientist that the number of synapses we have would be
one followed by 10 million kilometers of zeros. Our physical
capacity for reading is beyond our comprehension. Our visual unit
has the capability to take in a full page of text in 1/20 of a
second. If we could turn the pages fast enough, our brain could
process it faster than our eyes can see it. If we could turn those
pages fast enough, our eyes have the capacity to read a standard
book in six to twenty-five seconds depending on the length of the
book. We could take in the entire Encyclopedia Britannica in one
hour. So reading 700 - 1,000 words a minute is easily within our
The key to improving our speed is to SIGHT READ, and that's what we
are going to show you how to do. We are going to start being pure
sight readers. Obstacles get in our way, however. What do we mean
by obstacles? Well, these are things that impede us from reading
REGRESSIONS are the most wasteful. Regressions are going back over
words. You can call it back-skipping if you want. You go back over
words you previously read. People do it for two reasons.
Initially we read it to clarify the meaning of what we're reading.
We want to be sure of the words we read as we go along. In
our early years in school, when we were first taught - incorrectly
- to "read slowly and carefully," it became easy to go back over
Well, this not only slows you down, it causes you
comprehension problems. For instance, let’s say you have a
sentence, "The man jumped over the log." Well, if you back-skip,
you read that passage like this: "The man jumped," "the man . . .
jumped. . . over the log," "jumped over the log." So, what your
brain is processing, "The man jumped," "the man jumped," "jumped
over the log." Our brain is used to processing our flaws, so the
brain thinks, "OK, I know what this clown is saying, "The man
jumped over the log." But this takes time to sort out. And it's
confusing. Think how much easier it would be if you simply took the
sentence in one sight, "The man jumped over the log." There's no
confusion there. Then you move on to the next phrase. Regressing or
back-skipping is the most harmful thing we do to slow our reading
Our second obstacle is that we have BAD HABITS that we pick
up. Bad habits manifest themselves in a number of ways.
For one, you've got people who have MOTOR habits as they read.
These are the people who are tapping a pencil when they read,
tapping a foot when they read, moving a book, flicking their hand,
etc. If they're sitting next to you, they drive you nuts. But they
are the people who have to be moving while they read.
Some may even move their lips. If they do that, they're kind of
edging over into another bad habit where we find AUDITORY readers.
This is the bad habit that we have that is the hardest to drop.
Auditory reading is difficult to beat because we are used to
reading and hearing the words in our minds. Some people even go so
far as to mumble the words. You can see their lips moving
sometimes, or you can even hear a guttural growl as they go through
the words.
The other obstacle are the FIXATIONS. Fixations
are the actual stops or pauses between eye-spans when the eye is
moving to its next fixation point. We can't see while the eye moves
so you do need the fixation points to see. The problem is, most
people fixate word by word by word. They stop their eyes on each
separate word. The fixations slow you down because you are stopping
on each word. )
The problem that comes up here is this that, like the other
obstacles, it impedes concentration and comprehension as well.
The paradox with reading slowly is that it really hurts
your concentration.
Research has shown a close relation between speed and
understanding. In checking progress charts of thousands of
individuals taking reading training, its been found that in the
vast majority of cases, that an increase in speed reading rate has
also been paralleled by an increase in comprehension. The plodding
word by word analyzation actually reduces comprehension.
In this day and age, our brains are used to constant
stimulation. Television, radio, even people talking to
you, provide constant stimulation. So when we are reading along
slowly and carefully, it's kind of like watching a movie and we
encounter a slow motion scene. The slow motion scene is kind of
interesting at first because the movie has been moving along at a
rapid clip and now we have a change of pace. We've got the slow
motion scene of the guy getting shot or the couple running across
to each other across a field, and the mind initially says, "Oh,
this is cool. This is something different." After a while we get a
little impatient and we're ready for the guy who got shot to hit
the ground, or the couple who are running across the field to
finally get to each other. We start thinking about other
things..we’ve lost our focus on the movie.
The brain does the same thing when we read. The brain is
getting all the stimulation it normally gets, then we hit this
patch where you're reading slowly. And boom, the brain
says, "I don't like this. I think I'm going to start thinking about
something else." And the reader starts thinking about the date they
had Saturday night or the date they hope to have Saturday night.
And therefore, you've got another impediment to comprehending the
reading correctly.
OK, what do we do? Well, there are several things we are going to
do to increase reading speed. First of all. we are going to
increase the EYE SPAN. Eye span is the number of
words that you take in as you look at the words. In other words, if
my eye span is just one word, I am going to move from word to word
to word. If my eye span is two words, I am going to move along
twice as fast. If my eye span is three words, three times as fast.
If I am moving along in phrases, I'm flying along pretty
That's where you increase the rate of eye span. You also
want to learn to work in THOUGHT UNITS. Thought units help you move
faster. This is where you group the words according to
context. For instance, let’s say you have, "He said something."
It's easy to put that in a phrase, then you move to the next
phrase. If I had this sentence, "It's safe to say that almost
anyone can double his speed of reading while maintaining equal or
higher comprehension." If I want to read that in phrases, "It's
safe to say that almost anyone.......can double his speed........of
reading while maintaining.......equal or even higher
comprehension." You move much faster that way.
So, we are going to increase the number of words we see and
we are going to group them according to context. One of
the key things that we are also going to work on is RETURN EYE
SWEEP. When you get to the end of the sentence or the end of the
line on the written page, if your eye meanders back to the other
side, you have a chance to pick up words. If you're picking up
words and you're sight reading, that can be confusing. So you want
to dramatically, quickly, forcefully, go from the end of one line
to the beginning of the next one. Using a fingertip or pen as a
pointer is a great way to quickly and directly to the next
The other thing that helps us increase our speed is
CONFIGURATION. As you read faster and faster, you've got to
learn to rely on your increased recognition of how words are
configured, how they look, as you do it. In other words,
"material" looks different than "response". "Recognition" looks
different than "perceptual". The words have visual configurations.
As you learn to read faster and faster you learn to pick up
on the configurations and, as you do better and better, your skills
at this improve with practice.
So, we are going to have no REGRESSIONS, no VOCALIZATIONS,
and increased EYE SPAN. That's the way to true sight
reading. How do we do this?
First, we avoid the problem areas. We avoid the limited eye-span by
expanding the number of words that we take in. We get rid of
regressions and we get rid of the return eye sweep problem by using
a pointer. You can use a pen, a pencil, even your finger. That
gives you a point of focus for your eyes. It helps you focus on the
page, and you move faster because you can dictate how fast you are
moving across the page. Your eye will follow your finger, or pen,
or pencil.
Absolutely stay away from the vocalizations. You
have got to be a sight reader. You have got to read fast enough so
that you don't have time to hear the words. This way you are
comprehending simply with your eyes.
You also need to keep in mind that you don't always read at
the same speed. If you've got a car that will go 120 miles
per hour, you're not going to drive that care 120 miles per hour in
a shopping center. You'd get killed and get a heck of a ticket. But
you may, on a highway when you are passing a car, get it up to a
high speed. When you are in that shopping center, you are going to
be driving about 30 miles per hour.
It's the same thing with reading. This is
specifically addressed in our Better Reading section. But you must
learn that you speed read in certain areas and there are other
areas that may be particularly dense, that may have something
that's particularly confusing to you, when you will need to slow
down and read in shorter phrases, smaller groupings of words so
that you can comprehend it clearly. It may be a particularly dense
passage where each word has great deal of meaning. It may be even
an unusual or specific word.
Let's look at what we've got to do to practice it.
The big step here is to simply read faster. It
sounds like such a simple statement, it almost sounds stupid. But
it's what you have to do. You have to focus on "I'm going to read
faster," first.
Comprehension comes later. Practice reading without a great
concern for comprehension. In clinical terms, we call this
the comprehension lag. It takes the mind as many as ten to fifteen
days to adapt to the new reading rate.
You are going to go through periods, practice periods, you can't
use on school books, but it's a practice period where you are
simply adapting to reading that much faster. Comprehension lags for
a while but when it catches up it makes a stunning
difference.
A good place to practice this is magazines or newspapers.
They have narrow columns that almost make a perfect thought
unit. You can almost go straight down the column, taking
that finger and puttting it in the middle of the column and moving
it straight down the page. You will be stunned how
soon you will be able to improve and comprehend what you
are reading that way. You find that it's quick. It's easy
以下是对上面英文文章的一个参考翻译,鼓励大家看英文原文:
当我们在看文章时,我们的眼睛其实没有那么听话。当你的注意力停在一个词上,这个就叫凝视。大多人在看一行字时,每次只能“凝视”一个词。为了提高我们的阅读速度,我们训练自己一次“凝视”多个词,而不是简单让眼睛看得更快。
1.避免每次盯着一个单词使劲看,训练自己一次看一个词组(两个到三个单词为单位)。比如说,这句话可以这样来分组进行阅读。
for instance / this sentence / could begrouped / in this
2.努力多背单词。让自己熟悉新单词,以便避免生词妨碍阅读。
3.多做阅读!每天看15分钟普通长度的小说,等于一年用普通速度看18本书!
4.带着明确的目的去读。如果你只需要弄清文章大意,那你放宽心去把文章快速过一遍。别担心,你用不着看懂每个词。
5.每天做快速阅读训练(在自己平时的速度上,加快两倍到三倍)。用手指或卡片来引导你的视线。然后用自己的平时速度看几篇文章。你会发现你自己的平时速度会在这样的练习之后慢慢提高。
6.如果你在阅读过程中很难集中注意力,在每次做阅读训练,把时间控制在5到10分钟内,慢慢再延长时间。
7.大多书店里都会有增加阅读速度的书籍。如果你非常重视这方面,建议你去书店买本书,系统地学习一下。
提高阅读速度的建议
提高读出速度(注:为与后文的reading
speed区分,此处为“读出速度”,后文则为“阅读速度”)
可以这样说,所有人都能将自己的阅读速度翻倍,同时保持正常甚至更高地理解程度。话句话说,任何人只要想的话,他们都可以提高阅读速度。
对于小说和非技术类题材,美国大学生的平均阅读速度是每分钟250个词到350个词(英文单词)。“优秀”水平的阅读速度是每分钟500个词到700个词。同样的题材,有些人的速度可以达到每分钟1000个词甚至更快。这到底是为什么?三个关键因素影响着阅读速度的提高:
1.想要提高的愿望
2.愿意尝试新方法
3.有动力不断练习
迅速提高阅读速度有个前提条件,就是你必须要有一定的词汇量和理解能力。如果你的理解能力已经达到大学阅读所要求的水平,那这样的训练对你来说才有最大的效果。
速度在阅读中扮演的角色
速度在阅读中扮演的角色非常重要。研究证明,速度和理解能力关系非常紧密。比如说,在研究对比上千个参与阅读训练同学的提高程度时,大部分结果证明速度和理解能力会同时提高;如果速度有所下降,那么理解能力也会下降。
尽管现存的统计数据并不多,但是看起来“字字阅读”(一个字一个字看过去,而不注意词组或句子的整体)不利于提高理解能力。我们有原因相信,降低阅读的因素也会导致理解能力的降低。大多数成年人都可以提高他们的阅读速度,而这并不影响他们的理解能力。这些人在降低阅读速度之后,理解能力并没有显著提高。在另外一些情况中,高速阅读可以提高理解能力。当然,这样的结果与训练方法有关。在缺乏基本常识和能力的情况下,简单地加快速度只能降低理解力。
降低读出速度的因素:以下是一些降低读出速度的因素:
1逐字阅读;
2 反应慢,对“内容”敏感度不高;
3 有声阅读,包括需要发声以回忆单词含义的情况;
4 眼睛乱瞟,不集中在正确的地方;
5 有回读的习惯;
6 不能准确地关注到重点内容。该注意的地方不注意,没啥用的反倒注意;
7 阅读练习少,平时对阅读英语文章也没兴趣;
8 害怕看漏内容而花费更多的时间在每一个单词上;
9 习惯慢阅读;
10 无法辨别和评价文章内容的主次;
11 错误地选择努力记下文章的所有内容,而不是有选择性的记忆重点。
以上行为同时也降低了阅读理解能力,换而言之,“消灭”以上的种种行为能在一定程度上提升你的阅读理解能力。这是一个与简单提高阅读速度完全不同的事情。实际上,单纯地提高阅读速度,特别是强迫性地加速,往往会导致理解力变得更差。另外,强迫性地加速还有可能打击对自己阅读能力的信心。显然,提高速度只是阅读水平整体提高的一部分。以下是一种特别的阅读训练方法。
提高读出速度的基本条件
一个好的训练方便应该包括以下几个基本条件:
1 检查眼睛。在开始一个阅读训练计划之前,如果有需要,可以找医生检查一下眼睛是否有缺陷。相当之慢的阅读速度往往跟眼睛有缺陷有关。
2 改掉有声阅读这个不良习惯。如果你习惯边读边看,你的阅读速度只能跟你的读书速度一样。实际上你应该具备比有声阅读快两至三倍的阅读能力。
如果你对声音比较敏感,或者是一个听力型学生,(即不愿意改掉有声阅读的习惯),尝试把精力集中在关键词和主要内容上,其他部分快读。
3 避免回读。回读是一个降低阅读速度的不良习惯。通常情况下都没有回读的必要性,因为大部分难懂的内容都会在接下来的文段中给出详细的解释。并且,阅读速度越慢的人,存在回读的情况越严重。由于阅读速度慢,阅读者有时间开小差,并且回读的行为直接影响了精力的集中性和对阅读的信心。
4 培养一个宽“视角”,即一眼读多词,或者以词组为单位。
要学会根据不同的阅读目的、文章难易程度来调整速度。整体有个速度,文章内部还有个速度。整体的速度根据你的阅读计划(根据字数和你的速度),阅读目的,文章的属性和难易程度。弄明白你读它是为了什么,分析性的读,稳一点,找到相互关系的概念。总的来说难的慢一点,简单的快一点。
内部的速率根据文章的不同部分来调整,
遇到以下情况应该放慢速度:
1 术语,根据上下文
2 难的句子和段落结构
3 不熟悉或抽象的概念
4 你缺乏背景知识的一些细节和专业性的材料
5 你想要详细记住的
遇到以下情况应该:
2 没用的例子、细节
3 重述内容
1 增长eyespan,学会thought
unints,即根据语义把句子看成一个一个的意思单元例子:
"It's safe to say that almost anyone candouble his speed of reading
while maintaining equal or highercomprehension."
read that in phrases:
"It's safe to say that almostanyone.......can double his
speed........of reading whilemaintaining.......equal or even higher
comprehension."
2 识别词的外形
3 理解力的提升慢于阅读速度的提升,即“
comprehension lag”大脑要10到15天的时间去适应新的阅读速度,此阶段练习阅读太关注理解
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