用三单的情况除了第三人称一般现在时时还有那些时态

11-1810-2110-2110-2110-2110-2110-2110-2110-2110-21最新范文01-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-0101-01【玩转高中语法】(三)一般现在时
英语时态编年史(一)
—疯狂原始人的语言进化
我们初、高中学习英语时态,只是基本记住了各个时态的标记性,be+doing是现在进行时,will+do是一般将来时,但是很多人都不清楚,各个时态之间最本质的区别和每种时态的作用,语法中的一种时态被创造出来一定是已有的时态无法满足某种语境,今天我们就换个角度重新认识英语的16种时态。
时态一:一般现在时
在很久很久以前,那时候,天还是蓝的,水还是绿的,自来水是没有的,河水还是可以喝的,最重要的是,那时候,人们是没有手机的,沟通还是要面对面的。英语的祖先们当中有一对杰出的代表,英男和英女,他们在远古的丛林里过着纯洁的男女生活。
英男英女以打猎为生,他们信奉“过好当下”的生活哲理,每天采摘野果,捉一些小动物来充饥,这个时候,英男和英女没有兴趣去回忆过去,因为过去不堪回首:昨天又没吃饱肚子!(对了,昨天是几号?)也不敢去畅想未来:明天可能一无所获。此时的他们很现实:活着就是最大的幸福。(歌声响起:我能想到最浪漫的事,是和你一起仍然活着。)当然,现实也很骨感。他们此时的对话都处在一般现在时的范畴之内。
英语世界第一种时态就这样产生了,一般现在时说的不是现在,它的核心是前面的两个字:一般。一般现在就是描述现在的一般情况:
英男:Dear(老婆)
英女:What's up? (怎么了又?)
英男:The sun rises from the east again. (太阳又从东边升起了。)
英女:No more talking about the sun! It can't be eaten. (不用管太阳了,又不能吃!)
英男:Dear, I want to take you to see the sunset everyday. Look, the sun comes down in
the west this afternoon.
(老婆,我想和你每天看日落。今天下午太阳还会从西边落下去。)
英女:why do you always talk about the sun?(你为什么老是提太阳啊?)
英男:(唱起)Our life just likes the sun. sometimes up, sometimes down.
(人生就像太阳,有时起有时落)
Lucky, unlucky(好运,歹运)
Always remember don't quit!(总嘛要照起工来行)
Some from god(三分天注定)
Much from yourself(七分靠打拼)
Hard-working equals win. (爱拼才会赢)
英女:Let's call this song Hard-working equals win. You are genius ,dear.
(我们就把这首叫做《爱拼才会赢》吧,老婆,你太棒了!)
一般现在时是最基础的时态,也是最原始的时态,那时候的原始人时间观念比较淡薄,有时候表达的句子也是没有时间性的。比如:太阳从东边升起。他们想表达的是“一般”情况:太阳既不是昨天从东边升起,也不是明天从东边升起。他们强调的是一种普遍现象:太阳每天按时上下班。也可以说是超越时间的现象,因为它在任何时间上都是成立的。毛主席说:一切反动派都是纸老虎。这句话当然也用一般现在时,因为,毛爷爷要告诉我们的是:无论什么时候,也无论他是谁,只要当上人民的反动派,他一定是老虎,但是纸做的!所以这句话也是一种普遍状况。
英男说,今天下午太阳还会从这座山后落下。这句话为什么不用将来时?下面的这个例子就会告诉我们答案。
The train will arrive in Beijing at 4 this afternoon.(火车今天下午四点钟到达北京。)
The train arrives in Beijing at 4 this afternoon.(火车每天都在下午四点整到达北京,今天也不例外。)
一般现在时表达了火车下午四点到北京这个“一般情况”,每天都发生!而英男的那句话是在说,太阳每天都从这座山后落下。
落地生根:
1.Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,
some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)
C. have kept
D. had kept
which is one of the largest American supermarket chains是Walmart的定语,而且它是一个句子,也就是定语从句,所以主语是Walmart,谓语是横线处,B就肯定不行了,因为如果是一般现在时,也要用单三。我们可以忽略这个定语从句,它一方面加大试题难度,干扰考生。另一方面是防止一些偏远地区考生不知道什么是Walmart(沃尔玛),这样可以提高试题的公平性。(命题专家真是煞费苦心啊!)言归正传,原题的意思是沃尔玛的一些店铺从周一到周六24小时营业,描述的是一般状况,一般现在时可以,选A。当然把C改成has kept也可以。强调沃尔玛已经这样做了。
2."Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every step
” (2012全国)
A. has shown
B. is showing
“生活像走在雪地里,每一步都会留下痕迹。”虽然这句话是Granny以前说的,但是句子的内容是不随着时间而发生改变的,是一种一般状况。所以选C。
3.— Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?
— Well, I’m thinking about the salary….(08湖南)
B. will offer
C. are offered
D. will be offered
这道题很多人会选D,因为很明显,工作还没有得到,应该用将来时。如果用将来时,意思就成了:如果你将要被提供这份工作你有什么问题吗?这里面有逻辑错误,提问者不是问“将要得到工作”的疑问,而是如果你现在得到这份工作,你有什么疑问,所以选C。
4.Galileo collected facts that proved the earth _____ around the sun.
C. has moved
D. had moved
地球绕太阳装。没有时间性的一般事实,所以选B。
5. — Have you seen my e-mail about our TESL project?
— Yes. Luckily, I checked my e-mails
yesterday. Normally, I____ my e-mail-box for days.
A.haven’t opened
B.didn’t open
C.hadn’t opened
D.don’t open
一般情况我好多天都不会打开我的邮箱。说的正是一般情况。B的意思是说,在过去,曾有几天没打开邮箱。A是说,我已经有好多天没打开邮箱了。
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一般现在时的结构
一、 定义与讲解
一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟
只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。
三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s
play — plays
like — likes
(1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
ask---asks
work---works
get---gets
stay---stays
(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.
watch---watches
wish---wishes
fix---fixes
pass---passes
(3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.
try---tries
study---studies cry---cries
fly---flies
情况构成方法读音例词
一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音和元音后读/z/swim-swims;help-helps;like-likes
以辅音字母+o结尾的词加 -es读/z/goes,does
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加 -es读/iz/watches,washes
以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再加es读/z/study-studies
不规则变化have和be动词变have 为 has变be为am,is,arehave-has
be-am,is,are
2.不规则变化:
have----has
二、一般现在时的用法
表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态;表示客观事实或普遍真理;在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在时表示将来;在某些以here,there开头的句子中,用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作
当主语是第三人称单数时:
1、动词变相应的第三人称单数形式
2、肯定句主语+动词s+其它
3、否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它
4、一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其它
5、肯定回答 Yes,主语+does
6、否定回答 No,主语+doesn't
7、特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
当主语不是第三人称单数时:
1、肯定句 主语+动词原形+其它
2、否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其它
3、一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其它
4、要注意,句式结构错则全都错。
5、谓语动词的形式:do/does
三、一般现在时的结构
一般现在时的结构
否定疑问式
Do you work?
I don't work.
Don't you work?
Do you work?
You don't work.
Don't you work?
Do you work?
We don't work.
Don't you work?
They work.
Do they work?
They don't work.
Don't they work?
He(She,It) works.
Does he(she,it) work?
He(She,It) doesn't work.
Doesn't he(she it) work?一般现在时讲解及练习
来源:学而思英语网 文章作者:学习
  一、 定义与讲解
  一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
  时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at &在几点钟
  只有在第三人称单数用动词的&三单变化&,其他用动词的原形。
  三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s&&&& play & plays& like & likes
  (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
  ask---asks&&&& work---works& get---gets&&&&& stay---stays
  (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.
  watch---watches&& wish---wishes& fix---fixes&&&&&&&& do---does
  go---goes&&&&&&&& pass---passes
  (3)以&辅音字母加 - y&结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.
  try---tries&&&& study---studies cry---cries&&&&& fly---flies
  2.不规则变化:
  be---- is& are&&& have----has
  二、一般现在时用法
  1. 表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), once (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用。
  They usually go to school by bike.
  I take the medicine three times a day.
  She helps her mother once a week.
  Mary&s father is a policeman.
  There are 50 students in my class.
  2. 表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。
  & The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
  & The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.
  & Tomorrow is Tuesday.
  三、一般现在时的句子转换:
  (1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.
   例:①陈述句:She is a student.
  疑问句& Is she a student?&
  否定句& She is not a student.
  ②陈述句:I can swim.
  疑问句& Can you swim
  否定句& I can not swim.
  (2)&& 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don&t(I,you,以及复数), doesn&t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
  例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.
  疑问句&Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
  否定句&We don&t get up at 7:00 every morning.
  ②陈述句:She has a little brother.
   疑问句& Does she have a little brother?
  否定句& She doesn&t have a little brother.
  (一).用动词的适当形式填空
  1. She _________(go) to school at seven o&clock.
  2. It&s 6& o&clock. They are _________ (eat) supper.
  3. He usually ___________ up at 17:00.(get )
  4. She ___________ (live) in Beijing.
  5. Amy _________ (be) here just now.
  6. _______ (be)there a fly& on the table just now?
  7. My father __________ (watch) TV every evening .
  8. My father _______________ (make) toys these days.
  9.?________ Amy _________ (read) English every day
  10. Chen Jie sometimes _________(go)to the park with her sister.
  (二).选择填空
  1.I want____homework now. A. doing&&&& B. to do&& C. to do my&&& D. do my
  2.It's time______.
  A. go to school& B. play games&& C. to go home& D. to do my homeworks
  3.______go and help her.& A. Let's me&& B. Let's us&& C. Let's&& D. Let's to
  4.Do they have a new car? Yes,_____.
  A .they are&& B.they have&& C. they don't&&& D. they do
  5.He often _________ supper at 6:00 in the evening.
  A. have&&& B. has&&&& c. is having&&&& D. is eating
  6. We _____________ any Chinese classes on Friday.
  A. are having& B. aren&t having& C. don&t have& D. are have
  (三)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
  1. He often _________ (have) dinner at home.
  2. Daniel and Tommy _________ (be) in Class One.
  3. We _________ (not watch) TV on Monday.
  4. Nick_________ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
  5. they _________ (like) the World Cup?
  6. What they often_________ (do) on Saturdays?
  7. your parents _________ (read) newspapers every day?
  8. The girl _________ (teach) us English on Sundays.
  9. She and I _________ (take) a walk together every evening.
  10. There _________ (be) some water in the bottle.
  11. Mike_________ (like) cooking.
  12. They _________ (have) the same hobby.
  13. My aunt _________ (look) after her baby carefully.
  14. You always _________ (do) your homework well.
  15. I _________ (be) ill. I&m staying in bed.
  16. She _________ (go) to school from Monday to Friday.
  17. Liu Tao _________ (do) not like PE.
  18. The child often _________ (watch) TV in the evening.
  19. Wang Kai and Wang li_________ (have) eight lessons this term.
  20. -What day _________ (be) it today?& - It&s Saturday.
  1.& We often___________(play) in the playgound.
  2.& He _________(get) up at six o&clock.
  3. __________you _________(brush) your teeth every morning.
  4. What __________(do) he usually&&&&&& (do) after school?
  5. Danny__________(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school.
  6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
  7. At eight at night, she __________(watch) TV with his parents.
  8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
  9. How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday?
  10.What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework?
  1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)
  2. I have many books.& (改为否定句)
  3. Gao Shan&s sister likes playing table tennis (改为否定句)
  4. She lives in a small town near New York.&&& (改为一般疑问句)
  5. I watch TV every day. (改为一般疑问句)
  6. David has got a goal. (改为一般疑问句)
  7. We have four lessons.(否定句)
  8. Nancy doesn&t run fast (肯定句)
  9. My dog runs fast. 否定句:
   一般疑问句:
  10.& Mike has two letters for him.一般疑问句:
   否定句:
  11.&& I usually (play football )on Friday afternoon.否定句:
  一般疑问句:
  括号内容提问
  12.& Su Yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.
  否定句:
  一般疑问句:
  划线提问:
  13.& Mingming usually waters the flowers every day
  否定句:
  一般疑问句:
  划线提问
  14.& Tom does his homework at home.
  否定句:
  一般疑问句:
  划线提问
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