we can stay here forever two days变一般疑问句

牛津7A 第六单元reading_百度知道
牛津7A 第六单元reading
牛津7A 第六单元reading部分的句型及词组
[译文]你能猜到我穿的衣服是什么时候的吗。(1)在陈述句中?我可以把这张图画拿走吗、表语等.The bag is made of leather.g; Sure, lie。
注意!一周强化一,别忘了。9.You look cool in white trousers and yellow and red tie. 酷的。(2)宾语e。m afraid not. 许多人去看了花展. 表演。/展出e。e、量等)更多的;dog [口]懒鬼a lazy afternoon 令人发懒的下午He is naturally lazy。talk about 谈论e.g,在情态动词的后面直接加not,可以表示说话人的语气和态度或说话人对某种动作或状态的看法.g.g, Millie is going to talk about raising money for poor students.让我们谈论一下我们的未来。辨析;可以.我想在这里多呆两天; may not。这里的in表示“穿着?be made of 由……制成e.g.这个包包是皮制的. e,how后加不定式在句中可以做主语.He may know.我们筹的钱不够度假.我不知道怎样做.The man in a red T-shirt is my English teacher。表示一种颜色和另一种颜色相间的要用and连接两种颜色。show n.周杰伦太酷了?[译文]这个包包是什么做的.[译文]看。(2)表示现实可能性时。e. &#47、单元重难点解析1.I don’t knot raise enough money for a holiday,很多年轻人都喜欢他; may not &#47,要使用陈述句的语序.可能你是对的. &#47.这有可能危险。I want to know why he is angry.We have only a few more days to do the work。here. 他不知该不该去那;1970’s 20世纪70年代(指这十年间)1990s&#47?(4)双重宾语e.g,更不正式.white and black 黑白相间的blue and white 蓝白相间的10.What’s this bag made of?We couldn&#39。) —May I take this picture?
when my clothes are from是宾语从句做guess的宾语.不行,西蒙来了,t &#47。You may be right, there。another+数字+名词= 数字+more+名词所以说spend 10 more minutes in bed 就等于 spend another 10 minutes in bed.g。e.It’s very cool in autumn here.那个穿着红色T恤衫的男子是我的英语老师;1990’s 20世纪90年代(指这十年间)show在这里是动词用法。(—No。如果是疑问句充当宾语从句的.g.g.可以,而may比can更正式; Yes。e。raise money 筹钱e, you mustn’t。It can be dangerous。(—No;戴着”.= I want to stay he Yes,后接动词原形,同时它也没有人称和数的变化,任何人都可以到监狱去参观。如?会不会是王平呢;不准拿走&#47.g.问题是去哪里.也就是化学变化.lazy summer day 令人懒散的夏天a lazy boy&#47.[译文]今天我不知道穿什么好了。e.也可以是,而may表示“现实可能性”。&#47。e.g。I asked him how to learn English. 他天生懒惰?
用作一般的请求时。其肯定回答可以是Of course you can &#47, run完全倒装.Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor,Millie将谈论为贫穷学生筹款的事情. 懒惰的(反laborious)e.[译文]我们搞这个演出是因为我们想为希望工程筹款;恐怕不行?—Y Certainly,请拿吧.g, here comes Simon. 我告诉他怎样学好英语。&#47、语法点拨?我可以用一下你的钢笔吗. (主语是代词.g, now。
what to wear为疑问词加不定式用法。(3)表语e, please.这是你的信;节目, come。Many TV shows are made in Hollywood?It can&#39。
虽然can和may都可表示“可能”。e,所以考试的时候如果动词前面是介词,只不过can用得更为普通.好莱坞制作许多电视节目。Then came the chairman.这里的秋天非常凉爽,can表示“理论上的可能性”,但其用法是不完全相同的, you can&#39.The difficulty was how to cross the river。e; No。t be true.I can tell you where to get this book.其否定回答可以是No, go. 主席来了?有人能想出筹款的办法吗。7.Look。4.We are having the show because we want to raise money for Project Hope.[译文]今天我们要向你们展示20世纪70年代到90年代的服装、语音及拼读规则二.他可能知道.g,不倒装)8.Now。2.I can spend 10 more minutes in bed then。spend 10 more minutes in bed 在床上多呆十分钟在这里more的意思是“(数.He did not know whether to go there or not。cool adj. 困难在于怎样过河。
注意.[译文]那么我可以在床上多呆十分钟了;恐怕不行,则要用动词的ing形式,凉爽的e; O不可以拿走/ I’m afraid not.show the pictures to all the students =show all the students the pictures把这些照片给所有的学生们看show me your book = show your book to me 把你的书给我看一下You must show your ticket at the barrier.I have no idea of how to do it.[译文]你太懒惰了.我不知道我们应该去哪里。Jay is so cool that many young people love him,只需把情态动词置于句首:Yes. &#47, please.—Can I use your pen,when. e。情态动词在句中不能单独作谓语,须倒装)Here he comes。6.Can you guess when my clothes are from:be made of和be made from(1)be made of表示由成品能看出原材料。这里的talk about中的about是介词。三.I don’t know where we should go。Can anybody think of a way to raise money,你不能拿走&#47。e.g;演出,where,所以后面的raise money要改成raising money。如.The table is made of wood, 谓语动词常用be, thus等副词置于句首; I&#39, then.There goes the bell。(2)be made from则表示由成品看不出原材料. &#47, you can&#39。情态动词本身有一定的意义,也就是物理变化;t &#47、宾语. 纸是由木头制成的。Here is your letter。e, please给我加分。1.情态动词can和may都可用来表示“请求”或“允许”. &#47。e. &#47. 何时动身还未决定。表示疑问时,can和may往往可以互换:介词后面的动词要用动名词形式?—Yes,表示“展示”.Many people went to see the flower show.g.g。(1)主语e;可以.[译文]你穿上白色裤子和红黄相间的领带非常酷,后可接双宾语.不. 他给我看他的新收音机。e:Can I borrow your bike. 桌子是由木头制成的.Can it be Wang Ping.g, you may。
这是个倒装句;表示否定时. 铃声响了. &#47.g.When to start has not been decided.(主语是名词.g.Here comes the bus.我们还有几天来做这项工作.但是我认为我们可以自己筹款,更大的”, you can’t:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词.Paper is made from wood、更客气和更恭敬. 你在关卡处必须出示许可证。The girl in red and yellow hat is my sister.But I think we can raise money by ourselves.g:I&#39,can常常用在否定句和疑问句中.g。(5)有时疑问词前可用介词e.可以.I want to stay here for another two days。Project Hope 希望工程5.Today we are going to show you clothes from the 1970s to the 1990s.g.只要愿意,而may通常不用在疑问句中.g. 我能告诉你从哪搞到这本书。The question was where to go:can和may的用法
can和may都是情态动词;t &#47。“定冠词+年份的阿拉伯数字+s/ mustn&#39.那个戴红黄相间帽子的女孩子是我的姐姐.我想知道他为什么生气。3.You’re so lazy? May I borrow your bike.[译文]现在,请用吧。e.g。He showed me his new radio, you can。) 2.情态动词can和may都可用来表示“可能性”.g.Let’s t’s”表示年代,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装.1970s&#47.也可不用情态动词.这不可能是真的,which
其他类似问题
为您推荐:
等待您来回答
下载知道APP
随时随地咨询
出门在外也不愁问几道初二英语题?1.He got basketball t_______ when he was very young.So he can play basketball well now.2.-Harbin is really a beautiful city and there're many places of interest.
-So it is.Why not stay here for ______ two days? A.other
D.the others3.-Can you come to my birthday party?
- _______.What time? A.I'm sorry
B.Sure,I'd love to
C.Yes,I can
D.No,I can't
4.-_______ you free tomorrow?
-Yes,I think so. A.Do
D.Can5.______ pens are in the pencil-box. A.His all
C.His whole
D.Whole his
1.training 篮球训练2.c another,再呆两天3.b 当然了,我很想去!(表示很大的热情)4.b 一般疑问句,系动词前置5.b
为您推荐:
其他类似问题
trainingCBBA
training C B B B
扫描下载二维码初中英语时态专项练习配套答案_百度文库
两大类热门资源免费畅读
续费一年阅读会员,立省24元!
初中英语时态专项练习配套答案
上传于||暂无简介
阅读已结束,如果下载本文需要使用1下载券
想免费下载本文?
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
还剩14页未读,继续阅读
你可能喜欢unit8练习题_百度文库
两大类热门资源免费畅读
续费一年阅读会员,立省24元!
unit8练习题
上传于||暂无简介
阅读已结束,如果下载本文需要使用0下载券
想免费下载更多文档?
下载文档到电脑,查找使用更方便
还剩1页未读,继续阅读
你可能喜欢正确教育旗下网站
题号:3283507试题类型:句型转换 知识点:人称代词,形容词,疑问副词,情态动词,一般过去时,主谓一致&&更新日期:
句型转换。1.&There&are&some&interesting&storybooks&for&you.&(改为一般疑问句)&&&&______&______&______ interesting&storybooks&for&me? 2.&Jack&had&a&meeting&on&Monday&afternoon. (对画线部分提问)&&&&______&&______&Jack&______&a&meeting? 3.&I&hope&to&visit&my&old&friends&this&weekend.&(改为同义句) &&&I&hope&______&______visit&my&old&friends&this&weekend. 4.&It&rained&hard&last&night.&(改为同义句)&&&There&______&a&heavy&______&night. 5.&He&isn't&a&lazy&boy.&(改为同义句) &&&The&boy&______&______.
难易度:中等
必须在注册登录后,才可以查看解析!
橡皮网学生APP下载
拍照搜题,秒出答案!
名校试题,天天更新,免费查看!
人称代词:人称代词是用来表示人的代词,有单数和复数之分,有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语;人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,也可作动词或介词的宾语。  主格:I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语宾格:me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗?
人称代词在句中的作用:1)主格作主语。如:I am Chinese.我是中国人。2)宾格作宾语,放在及物动词或介词之后,有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如:①I don't know her.我不认识她。(动词宾语)②What's wrong with it?它怎么了?(介词宾语)③-Open the door,please.3)作表语作表语一般用主格, 但在口语中也常用宾格I saw at once it was her.我一下子看到了她。It's me.请开门,是我。(表语)4)作同位语作同位语是用宾格We ,us ,there,will be able to fulfill the task.我们三人就能完成这项任务。
主宾格的替换:一、宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not后,多用宾语。  ---- I like English. --我喜欢英语。  ---- Me too. --我也喜欢。  ---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?  ---- Not me. --我可不要了。b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。  He is taller than I/me.  He is taller than I am.二、主格代替宾格a.在介词but,except后,有时可用主格代替宾格。b.在电话用语中常用主格。  ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。  ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。注意:在动词be或to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。  I thought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格----主格)  I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)  I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格----主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)
人称代词用法:一、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语,往往用在动词或介词后面。例:1.Listen to me,Dad.2.Peter is sitting behind me.3.Let me got here now.4.Give me an orange,please.二、you既是"你"或"你们"的主格,又是它们的宾格;her既是"她"的所有格,又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。三、and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思,但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语,也可以是人称代词的宾格,而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。如:You and I are going to school.  You are going to school with me.四、第三人称代词单数:er,sie,es 及 复数 sie 可指代人或物以及其它抽象概念等。此时,它们的性,数,格要与被指代的名词一致。人称代词用法口诀:人称代词分主/宾,只有八对要区分。你(们)、它主/宾同一形,其余主/宾须分清。谓语之前主格填,动/介之后宾格跟,口语运用最灵活,表语也可用宾格。人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见,二一、三一、二三一,第一人称最谦虚,若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。动前主格动后宾,名前形容介后宾;如果名词含在内,选用名物代就行。
人称代词并列用法的排列顺序:1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称即:you and I;he/she/itandI;you,he/she/it and I2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称即:we,you and they
人称代词的变格形式:
人称代词的形式:在一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式,即常在动词原形后加-s或-es  一、人称代词he,she,it是第三人称单数。如: He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如: ①Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 ②Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 ③Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 三、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 ②This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 ③That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 ④The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。 四、不定代词someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代词this,that作主语时,是第三人称单数。如: ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 ②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 ③This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 ④That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如: ①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 ②The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 六、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如: ①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。 ②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。
形容词:简称adj.或a,形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏与否,形容词在句中作定语,表语,宾语补足语。她是一个好学生,她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?
形容词的语法功能:一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态,也可以表示某一动作的结果,并常用在表示“认为,看待”的动词如believe,prove,consider等候。例如:The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语,形容词作状语时,可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略,可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如:Enthusiastic,they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人,不管是年轻人还是老人,我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas.那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.
形容词的几个特殊用法:most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事,太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错:(错) She sang lovely.  &&&&&&&&&& (错) He spoke to me very friendly.   (对) Her singing was lovely.  (对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2)有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词。daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.
形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时,一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如:?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定,越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面,音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗??&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时,形容词必须置于名词之后。例如:?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如:?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人,无论老少,都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家,无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词,如enough和possible,既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如:?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗??&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词,置于名词之前与之后,含义不尽相同。例如:?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长,宽,高,深,及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时,在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词,位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词,疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。
形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词:有些形容词可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物,这时,它相当于一个名词,可作主语或宾语;表示一类人时,看作复数,表示一类事物时,通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词,常见的短语有:the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词:以-ly结尾的词通常是副词,但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ;lively (活着的);lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型:(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型:(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词:glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力,意志或推测的形容词:ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影
疑问副词:用来引导特殊疑问句,表示时间,地点,方式,原因等。常见的有:when,where,how,why等。
疑问副词的用法:1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词,主要有when, where, how, why。2.疑问副词用在句首。How long have you been staying in America?你在美国待多久了?
3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。I want to know where she has gone.我想知道她去哪里了。
4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语,在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。(How to solve the problem作主词。)I don't know how to answer the question.我不知道如何回答这个问题。(how to answer the question作受词。)The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。(where to get it作主词补语。)
5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。(When we are to start the competition作主词。)She asked her husband where he had been.她问她丈夫去哪里了。(where he had been 作受词。)The question is when we can finish our work.问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。(when we can finish our work作主词补语。)
疑问代词与疑问副词的区别:1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语,宾语或定语提问,即做句子的主语,宾语或定语,如what, who/ whom, whose. eg. Who is talking ? What can you see? Whose shirt is this?2.疑问副词对时间,地点,方式等状语提问,如when, where, how 等.eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going? How do you know?常见的疑问代词:what& who& which& whom(只做宾语)疑问副词:how& where& when还有whether是疑问连接词。
情态动词:是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或与语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气, 时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。情态动词有四类:   &①只做情态动词:must, can(could),may(might)……   &②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need, dare    ③具有情态动词特征:have(had, has) to, used to   &④情态动词表猜测 注:mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观,have to表示客观。常用的有:can& may& could& must&& have& use& .
情态动词特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起,我帮不上你。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是:基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是否来修我的电视机2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:They need not have been punished so severely.3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:She dare not say what she thinks.4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:Still,she needn't have run away.5)情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?She told him he ought not to have done it.6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:You should have washed the wound.Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel.7)情态动词must一般疑问句否定回答用needn'tMust I read books every day、No,you needn't
常见情态动词用法:1.can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 2.Must 必须,应该,一定,准是,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。 must 和 have to 的区别:must 表示说话人的主观思想,have to 表示客观需要。 3.need 是一个情态动词,他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 4.dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。 5.ought 应当,应该。后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 6.will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 7.Shall、should 表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议,惊奇。 8.have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,而must 则表示主观思想。
情态动词功能:助动词主要有两类:基本助动词和情态助动词。基本助动词有三个:do,have和be;情态助动词基本的有十四个:may, can, will, shall, must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能: 1) 构成否定式: He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式: Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3) 构成修辞倒装: Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4) 代替限定动词词组: A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do. 情态动词表推测的用法小结    (一)情态动词表推测的三种句式   &1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might /can, could(也许,或许)。    (1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question?   &&&&&&&&&&&他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。    (2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.    &&&&&&&&& 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。   &2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。    (1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.& 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。    (2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。    3. 疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。   &&(1)Could he have finished the task?&他可能把任务完成了吗?   &&(2)Can he be at home now?& 他现在能在家吗?    注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。    (二)情态动词表推测的三种时态    1. 对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。   &(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.& 5: 00 前她一定/可能/也许到。   &(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.    &&&&&&&&&& 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。    2. 对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。   &(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。    (2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。    (3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?    &&&&&&&&& 布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?   &3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。    (1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.& 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。    (2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。    (3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗?   &注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去 分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。&例如:    (4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.    &&&& 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)    (5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look& after her mother in hospital. (虚拟)    她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。    (6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.&& (虚拟)    汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。
一般过去时:表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式①was/were+②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。
一般过去时句法结构:肯定形式主语+动词过去式+其他例句:She often came to help us in those days.否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词例句:I didn't know you like coffee一般疑问句①Did+主语+do+其他? ②Was\Were+主语+表语?例句:Did I do that?用表格整理如下:
记忆口诀:一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站。特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记!一般过去时中动词过去式变化规则:
过去式和过去分词
lookedtalked
以不发音字母e结尾
likearrive
likedarrived
以“辅以字母+y”结尾
变y为i,再加ed
fliedstudied
以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写词尾+ed
stoppedplanned&结构句型:1.一般句子I watched TV last night.2.一般疑问句Did you watch TV last night?3.there be 句型There was an apple on the table last night.Was there an apple on the table last night
一般过去时注意事项:1.注意主句与从句中时态的一致性如果主句用了过去时,从句中一般也要用过去式,或者过去进行时、过去完成时等。例如:He believed that he was right. 他相信自己是对的。I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这儿。I thought they were with you. 我以为他们和你在一起。2.在口语中, 一般过去时并不一定指真正的过去,而只是表示一种礼貌性语气。例如:I wondered (wonder) if you could do me a favor. 不知你可否帮我一个忙。I wanted (want) to ask if I could borrow your car. 我想问问可否借用你的车。I hoped (hope) you could (can) give me some advice. 我希望你能帮我出点主意。Did (Do) you want to see me? 你想见我吗?3.used to used to 是一个词组,表示“过去曾经是……而现在已经停止了”的动作。例如: I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。(而现在不这样了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(而现在不在早晨散步了)
一般过去式用法:(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去的事情。句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟茱莉雅说了几句话。He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday,last week ,in& the& past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响)。Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)Yes,I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。)Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。(3)带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时。如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点Did you have a party the other day?前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?Lei Feng was a good soldier.雷锋是个好战士。注:在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。(4)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。(5)表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)比较:Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)(6)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)He used to drink alcohol.他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)比较:I took a walk in the morning.我曾经在早晨散过步。(只是说明过去这一动作)(7)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时。I didn''t know you were in Paris.我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)I thought you were ill.我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
一般过去时三变技巧:一变:肯定句变为否定句技巧1.当句中含有情态动词或助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.技巧2.当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me. 技巧3.当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧1.移动词语的位置。将was,were, could,would,should等移到句首。例如:He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?技巧2.添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句技巧1.确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?技巧2.辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen?
英语中的一致主要包括主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致、时态一致、名词和其代词的一致。主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致,即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式的变化而变化。
主谓一致原则:1、语法上的一致所谓语法一致原则,即主语和谓语的语法形式在人称和数上取得一致。谓语的单、复数形式依据主语的单、复数形式而定:主语为复数,谓语动词用复数;主语为单数或者是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。China belongs to the Third World. 中国属于第三世界。We are sure he will come. 我们肯定他会来。使用语法一致的情况(1)当主语是and,both…and连接的并列结构如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。My mother and I have seen the film. 我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country. 在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。No student and no teacher was invited to the party. 师生没有被邀请参加晚会。(2)主语后面接说明主语的修饰语主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如:with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。The teacher with two students was at the meeting. 那位老师和两个学生参加了会议。The girl as well as the boys has learned to drive a car. 这个姑娘和男孩子一道,也学会了开汽车。A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。Nobody but Jane knows the secret.只有简知道这个秘密。All but one were here just now. 刚才除了一个人外都来了。(3)非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词 (动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式。When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没定下来。Checking information is very important. 核实事实是非常重要的。To learn foreign languages is not easy. 学习外语并非易事。When we will hold the meeting is not decided yet. 我们何时开会尚未决定。注意:当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时,谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。What we need here is money.我们这里需要的是资金。 What we need here are workers.我们这里需要的是工人。 Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与偷窃是不道德的。(4)each和复合不定代词作主语each和some/any/no//every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词:anyone、anybody、anything、everyone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语,谓语动词用单数。 Each is worse than the one before. 一个比一个差。Nobody knows the answer. 没有一个人知道这答案。Someone wants to see you. 有人想见你。Is there anything in the box?箱子里有什么东西吗?There is a lot of milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有很多奶。(5)“many a +单数名词”作主语“many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Many a student has been to Beijing. 很多学生去过北京。There is more than one answer to your question. 你的问题不只有一个答案。(6)“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the等限定词和修饰语“one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man. 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。注意:如没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who are always ready to help others. 汤姆是个随时愿意帮助别人的男孩。(7)由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如g1asses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),shorts(短裤),shoes(鞋子),trousers(裤子)等作主语,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。His glasses were broken, so he can't see well. 他的眼镜碎了,因而看不清楚。His trousers are made of cotton. 他的裤子是棉布的。注意:若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时,则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。Two pairs of trousers are missing. 两条裤子不见了。This pair of shoes is not on sale. 这双鞋不出售。2、意义上的一致意义上的一致是指谓语动词与主语的一致取决于主语所表达的意义。若主语形式上为复数,而意义上是单数,动词要用单数;若主语形式上为单数,而意义上为复数,则动词用复数。The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。The police are looking into the matter. 警察正在调查此事。使意义上的一致的情况(1)由and连接两个并列主语 其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时,谓语动词要用单数,有时两个名词共用一个冠词。The worker and writer has written a new novel. 这位工人兼作家写了一部新小说。(两个名词共用一个冠词)There is a journalist and writer living in America whose name is Alex Haley. 在美国有一个名叫亚利克斯?哈利的记者兼作家。Truth and honesty is always the best policy. 真诚总是上策。注意:用and连接起来的两个单数主语,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数。Three and five makes /make eight.三加五等于八。Time and tide wait/waits for no man .岁月不等人。(2)形复意单的名词作主语①复数形式的专有名词(表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等)做主语,通常作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数。The United States is in North America.美国在北美洲。The Arabian Nights is read all over the world.《天方夜谭》是流传世界各地的名著。The New York Times has a wide circulation.《纽约时报》销路很广。注意:表示山脉、群岛、瀑布等的专有名词和以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人,谓语也用复数。The Alps rise over 4 countries.阿尔卑斯山脉跨越了四国。Niagara Falls are not as high as Victoria Falls.尼亚加拉瀑布没有维多利亚瀑布高。The Smiths were also invited.史密斯一家人也受到了邀请。There are 3 Marys and 2 Roberts in my class.我班有三个叫玛丽、两个叫罗伯特的学生。②以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语,通常表示单数意义,谓语动词用单数形式。这类名词有:physics, politics, mathematics, economics, athletics, electronics等。Politics is now taught in all schools.现在各学校都开设政治课。Economics is a science of the way in which industry and trade produce and use wealth.经济学是研究工业、贸易生财和用财之道。注意:当这些动词表示有关方面的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时,谓语动词需用复数形式。What are his politics?他的政见如何?The economics of national growth are of the greatest importance to all modern governments.国家发展经济的原理对现代各国政府都重要。③news,maths,plastics,physics,works,means(方法),the United States等虽然以-s结尾,但意义上作为单数看待。“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. 集团军司令说:”随着我们军队的推进胜利的消息接踵而至。”Mathematics/Physics is a required subject for us.数学/物理是我们必修的科目。Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear. 所有可能的直至污染的方法都用了,但天空还是不晴朗的。④成对的名词做主语时用单数形式。Bread and butter is a daily food in the West .面包抹黄油是西方人每天的食品。His gratitude and devotion to the Party is endless.他无限感觉,无限忠于党。⑤“one and a half +复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数。One and a half pears is left on the table .一只半梨剩在桌子上。One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。注意:“one or two+复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。One or two days are enough to see the city.参观该市一两天就足够了。There are one or two things I want to talk over with you .我有一两件事想跟你商量。(3)有生命的集体名词作主语有生命的集体名词 (如people,police,cattle,militia)作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。Cattle are also kept. 还养了一些牛。There are many people there. 那里有很多人。The police are looking for the thief. 公安人员在搜寻那个小偷。All the people of the world want peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。注意:family,team,class,government,audience,crew,committee等集体名词,如果作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作个别成员看待,谓语动词用复数形式。people作“民族”解时,作单数用。Zhang’s family is rather big, with twelve people in all.张家很大,一共12口人。The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 这家人正坐在早餐桌旁。My family is a large one. 我家是个大家庭。The class are doing experiment in the lab. 全班同学正在实验室里做实验。The class has won the honour. 这个班获得了荣誉。The Chinese people is a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。(4) 名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语,按照意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果指一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。这类形容词有:old, young, rich, poor, blind, deaf, dead, sick等。The rich are not always happy. 富人也有不开心的时候。The wounded is a policeman. 受伤者是一名警察。The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 漂亮的不一定就等于好。(5) 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Twenty years has passed since we left school. 我们离开学校已经20年了。Ten thousand dollars is a lot of money. 一万美元是一大笔钱。Two months is quite a long time. 两个月时间是很长的。Two hours is enough for us to do this experiment.我们做这个实验两个小时就够了。Thirty kilometres is a good distance.30公里是一个相当远的距离。注意:如果说话人侧重一个个的个体,谓语动词用复数形式。Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年己经过去了。(6)“a number of十复数可数名词”与“the number of十复数可数名词”作主语“a number of十复数可数名词”表示 “一些、许多”的意思,谓语动词用复数;“the number of十复数可数名词”表示 “……的数目、数量”,谓语动词用单数。The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.邀请来的人数是50,但很多人因不同的原因没来。A number of books are missing from the library. 图书馆丢了许多书。The number of workers in this factory is increasing. 这家工厂的工人数目正在增加。(7)none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词作主语none of和neither of后跟复数名词或复数代词时,有时作单数看待,有时作复数看待,主要根据说话人的意思决定。None of them has arrived yet at the settlement. 他们没有一个到达新住宅区。None of them have arrived yet. 他们都还没到。(8)“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语“分数/百分数+of短语”作主语,这时要以of短语中的名词是否为复数而定。Two fifths of the land in that district is covered with trees and grass.该地区五分之二的土地为树木和草所覆盖。89% of smokers are male. 89%的吸烟者是男性。In the USA, 75% of the grain is used to feed animals. 在美国,75%的谷物用来喂养动物。Two-thirds of the earth's surface is sea. 地球表面的2/3是海洋。Two-thirds of the people were against the plan. 2/3的人都反对核计划。(9)表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语,谓语动词用单数还是复数,应根据后接名词的单、复数形式而定。这些名间或代词有all,any,enough,half,more,most,the rest,part,some等。The rest of the buildings are easy to get to. 其余的建筑物并不难上。The rest of his life was happy. 他的晚年生活很幸福。Most of my time was spent in reading. 我大部分时间用来读书。Most of the people are aware of it. 大部分人都知道它。Some of the sugar was spilled on the floor. 一些糖散落在地上。Some of the apples were spilled on the floor. 一些苹果散落在地上。(10)两个主语,一个肯定,一个否定,谓语动词与肯定主语相一致。The parents, and not the son, were missing.失踪者不是儿子,而是他的双亲。3、邻近原则邻近原则是指谓语动词要与它最邻近的名词或代词保持人称与数的一致。Neither he nor I am a student. 他和我都不是学生。There is a pen , two chairs and a desk. 有一支钢笔,两把椅子和一张桌子。这主要有以下几种情况。(1)由or,either…or等连接的并列结构作主语由or、either…or、nor、neither…nor、not only…but also、not…but连接的并列主语,通常按照就近一致原则,谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。Either you or the headmaster is to hand out the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.要么你要么校长在会议上对这些天才的学生颁奖。Neither he nor I have finished the experiment. 他和我都没有做完试验。Either his friends or his brother is wrong. 不是他的朋友们错了,就是他哥哥错了。Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having one examination after another.不仅我而且简和玛丽都讨厌一个接一个的考试。Not only the teacher but also his students have studied the question. 不仅老师而且他的学生们都研究了这个问题。(2)在主谓倒装句时在主谓倒装句中,主语并列,谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语相一致。由here或there引导的句子,若有并列主语,谓语也与最靠近的那个主语一致。There is a desk, a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌、一张饭桌和3把椅子。There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in the room. 房间里有3把椅子、一张书桌和一台电脑。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在时妻子和孩子呆在哪儿?
"表里不一"现象:主谓一致中的"表里不一"现象和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词.但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下1,"more than one +名词"作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花.2,"many a +名词"作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数.例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树.3,"half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词"作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定.例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖.4,all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数.例如:"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利5,what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数.例如:What they want to get are a number of good books.他们想得到的是大量的好书.6,and连接的两个单数名词前若用each,every,no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.例如:No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.书包里没有书和钢笔.7,当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except,逗号加and连接几个名字等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致.例如:My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京.8,each作主语的同位语时,谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关.例如:They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车.9,动词不定式,动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数.例如:Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯.10,the following作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致.例如:The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.11,以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数.以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类.例如:Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课.当以-ics结尾的学科名词表示"学科"以外的意义时,用作复数,如:mathematics(运算能力)politics(政治观点)economics(经济意义)等12,有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers,glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主语时,前面若有"一条","一副","一把"之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数.例如:The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适.还有一些以-s结尾的名词通常用复数:arms(武器).clothes.contents.minites(记录).remains(遗体).thanks等13,"one and a half +名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.例如:One and a half apples are left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果.14,"One or two more +复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词用复数.例如:One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙.15,"one of+复数名词+ 定语从句"结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在"the only one of +复数名词+定语从句"的结构中,"the one of + 复数名词+定语从句"定语从句的谓语动词要用单数.例如:He is one of the students who get there on time.他是准时到达那里的学生之一.16,表示时间,距离,金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数.例如:One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱.
以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致:英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样,造成了实际使用上的困难,以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。(一)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题(二)以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题(三)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题(四)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题(五)其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题集合名词的主谓一致原则:集合名词作主语时,主谓一致关系是一个较为复杂的问题.对此类问题我们可以从"数"的角度分为四类.1)单数—复数型.凡是有复数词尾变化形式的集合名词都属于此类。如:a class— a family— a government— an army— a people— a group— a crowd— a crew—crews等。这类集合名词强调的是整体性,即当作一个整体或多个整体来看待。属于这类集合名词的单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。【例如】A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.每个上午 一大群人经常聚集在广场上The government has decided to pass the bill.政府已决定通过这一法案There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.星期天有大群大群的人在街上。There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.在世界上有许多讲英语的人但应注意,这类集合名词的单数形式有时表示复数概念,所以这些集合名词的单数形式也可归为"单复同形型"中.2)单数型.这类集合名词表示的是人或事物的整体,即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内,所以只有单数形式.如作主语,谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有:humanity,mankind,proletariat等.【例如】The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.3)复数型.这类集合名词在形式和内容上是相互矛盾的,就是说它们只有单数形式,但表达的都是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体性.这类名词有:police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel等.它们作主语时,谓语动词要用复数.【例如】The police have caught the murder.Our personnel are very highly trained.The vermin are very dangerous.4)单复同形型.这类集合名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数.作主语时,用单数动词或复数动词均可,有时意义区别不大.【例如】The school teaching staff are (is) excellent.The public is (are) requested not to litter in the park.The teaching profession claim(s) to be badly paid.这类集合名词常见的有:class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience等.根据说话人的心理意向若把这个集合名词所代表的人或事物看作一个整体,就认为是单数,用单数动词;若把它所代表的人或事物看作若干个个体的话,就认为其为复数,用复数动词。试比较:The football team is playing well.那个足球队打得非常漂亮.The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡,然后来这里吃茶点。The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。That family are very pleased about the news of William's success. 全家人对威廉的成功都感到很高兴。巧记主谓一致原则: 单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单,如若强调其成员,复数谓语记心间。有些名词谓常复,people,police即这般。主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关,many a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单。or、nor、but also、there be,近主原则挂嘴边。关系代词定主语,谓语根据先行词判。不定式短语、动名词,主语从句谓全单。时间、货币与距离,谓语多单复少见,rest,means,fol1owing等,意义决定其复、单。none,all,half of等,of之宾语定答案。还有分数、百分数,仍据of之宾定复、单。代词all指人谓复数,all指事情谓用单。量词用法请注意,谓语要随量词变。and连接两名词,身兼两职一定冠,no,each,every后单名,两件(种)事(物)系一概念,以上情况请记清,谓语动词全用单。形容词带the一类人,姓氏复数加定冠,-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛,谓语用复勿用单。neither,either,each,用作主语谓全单。
相关试题推荐
1、 听对话,选出与对话内容相关的图片。
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
2、 词语释义。1. take care of [ ]A. a lot of B. the first month of the yearC. look after D. come or go into 2. enter [ ]A. come or go into B. the first month of the year C. be able to D. look after
3、 — What's the ______ today?
— It's June 26. [ ]A. day B. time C. date D. hour
4、 —What is your favourite _______, Jane? —I like music best of all. [ ]A. subject B. sport C. season D. colour
5、 If a fire breaks out in a cinema, you should find the sign _______ and leave quickly. [ ]A. BUSINESS HOURS B. NO SMOKING C. PLAY D. EXIT
6、 —_______ did you come back from Shanghai? —On the morning of May 5. [ ] A. Where B. When C. What D. Which
— ______ are you going to move the table? I can help you then.
— In five minutes. Thank you very much.[ ]A. Why B. How C. Where D. When
— ______ are you getting on with Jane and Jack? — Very well. [ ]A. How B. Who C. WhatD. When
9、 选用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。Lie, marry, enjoyable, exbit, Asia, dirt, hopeful1. We _________ ourselves quite a lot at the party. 2. The ________clothes haven't been washed yet. 3. Guangzhou _______in the south of China. 4. John got _________ to Mary. 5. There is no _________ of oil paintings here. 6. Lots of western people are interested in_____culture. 7. __________, everyone can have a great life.
10、 根据句意及首字母的提示,填写所缺的单词。1. At the meeting, Li Ming c_____ up with a great idea where to plant trees yesterday. 2. You should g the book back to the library when you finish reading it. 3. In f___, we have a lot of homework to do every day. 4. We must p____ off the sports meeting because it's raining.5. He is a v_____ who treats animals. 6. Alexander Graham Bell i_____ the telephone in 1876. 7. They like the fish and potato c_____ in the shop. 8. The soup isn't s______. Put some salt again, please. 9. Salt is p_____ in East and South China.10. We took the pictures with the new c_____ last month.
11、 He has ______ money to buy old bikes. [ ]A. run out of B. ran out ofC. run out D. ran out
12、 根据要求改写下列句子,每空只填一词。1. She has already done his homework. (改为否定句)
She ______ done his homework ______. 2. The king's hat made of red silk was on show in the museum. (改为反意疑问句)
The king's hat made of red silk was on show in the museum,______ ______ ? 3. We must clean our classrooms every day. (改为被动语态) ____________________________________________________________________ 4. I'm going to visit Xiamen and Quanzhou next week. (就画线部分提问) ______ ______ are you going to visit next week? 5. Does your uncle live in Beijing? Could you tell me …? (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Could you tell me ______ your uncle ______ in Beijing? 6. Thomas Edison used the money to build a lab in New Jersey. (改为同义句)
Thomas Edison ______ up a lab in New Jersey ______ the money. 7. John went out two hours ago. (改为同义句)
John ______ ______ ______ for two hours.
13、 — Betty, will you please come here and help me?
— Sorry, she is not here. She _____ to the cinema. May I help you? [ ]A. goes B. was going C. will go D. has gone
14、 There _____ many new words in lesson one, so it is very easy.[ ]A. is B. aren'tC. isn'tD. are
15、 阅读理解。 Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your f when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of
when you get success, your friends will say congratulations (祝贺) when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy too. All these are your happiness. If you notice a bit of them, you can seethat happiness is always around you. Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can't be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, lifeis like a revolving (旋转的) door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can bea happy and lucky person. 1. According to the passage happiness is for ______.[ ]A. the people who have money B. the people who have beautiful houses C. the people who have nice cars D. everyone 2. When you fall down in a PE class, both your teacher and your classmates will .[ ]
16、 作文。 小明做了一个梦。他梦见自己成为北京奥运会的一名志愿者:他努力帮助来自世界各国的外国朋友……在交谈中,小明让外国朋友更多地了解北京。外国朋友感谢小明,并认为小明的英语非常好。小明很高兴,他甜蜜地笑了…… 请你根据设定的梦境并加以想象,写一段80词左右的短文。 参考词汇: try (do) one's best, find (that), heavy (lost), talk with (about)
Xiao Ming had a dream last night. In the dream, he volunteered to serve (志愿去服务) the Beijing Olympics…
扫描二维码马上下载橡皮网APP
拍照搜题,秒出答案!
名校试题,天天更新,免费查看!
接收老师发送的作业,在线答题。}

我要回帖

更多关于 here to stay钢琴谱 的文章

更多推荐

版权声明:文章内容来源于网络,版权归原作者所有,如有侵权请点击这里与我们联系,我们将及时删除。

点击添加站长微信