Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls: threshold concentration and dechlorination kinetics of individual congeners in Aroclor 1248.
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2003 Dec 15;37(24):5651-6.Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls: threshold concentration and dechlorination kinetics of individual congeners in Aroclor 1248.1, , , .1Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, USA.AbstractReductive dechlorination of individual PCB congeners in Aroclor 1248 was investigated using sediment microorganisms from the St. Lawrence River (NY). No dechlorination was observed at Aroclor concentrations below 40 ppm [137 nmol (g of sediment)(-1)]. Above this threshold, congeners could be divided into three categories: group A, congeners that dechlorinated above 40 group B, congeners that dechlorinated only at high concentrations above 60 ppm [206 nmol (g of sediment)(-1)]; and group C, lower chlorinated congeners that increased in concentration. The dechlorination rate of congeners in groups A and B was a linear function of their initial sediment concentration. For group A congeners, the concentration intercepts of this linear function were the same as their concentrations in the Aroclor at the threshold concentration, and these therefore represented the threshold values. However, the intercepts of group B congeners were significantly higher than their levels at the threshold Aroclor concentration and were equivalent to their concentrations in Aroclor 1248 at about 75 ppm [258 nmol (g of sediment)(-1)]. The final concentrations of group A and group B congeners at the end of dechlorination were the same, regardless of their initial concentrations. These final concentrations were significantly lower than their threshold values. The accumulation rate of group C congeners was a linear function of their initial concentrations, and the total accumulation was greater at higher Aroclor concentrations in sediments.PMID:
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The ADS1246, ADS1247, and ADS1248 are highly-integrated, precision, 24-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The ADS feature an onboard, low-noise, programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a precision delta-sigma (&D&S) ADC with a single-cycle settling digital filter, and an internal oscillator. The ADS1247 and ADS1248 also provide a built-in, very low drift voltage reference with 10mA output capacity, and two matched programmable current digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The ADS provide a complete front-end solution for temperature sensor applications including thermal couples, thermistors, and RTDs. An input multiplexer supports four differential inputs for the ADS1248, two for the ADS1247, and one for the ADS1246. In addition, the multiplexer has a sensor burnout detect, voltage bias for thermocouples, system monitoring, and general-purpose digital I/Os (ADS1247 and ADS1248). The onboard, low-noise PGA provides selectable gains of 1 to 128. The &D&S modulator and adjustable digital filter settle in only one cycle, for fast channel cycling when using the input multiplexer, and support data rates up to 2kSPS. For data rates of 20SPS or less, both 50Hz and 60Hz interference are rejected by the filter. The ADS1246 is offered in a small TSSOP-16 package, the ADS1247 is available in a TSSOP-20 package, and the ADS1248 in a TSSOP-28 package. All three devices are rated over the extended specified temperature range of &40&C to +105&C.
24 Bits, No Missing Codes Data Output Rates Up to 2kSPS Single-Cycle Settling for All Data Rates Simultaneous 50/60Hz Rejection at 20SPS 4 Differential/7 Single-Ended Inputs (ADS1248) 2 Differential/3 Single-Ended Inputs (ADS1247) Low-Noise PGA: 48nV at PGA = 128 Matched Current Source DACs Very Low Drift Internal Voltage Reference: 10ppm/&C (max) Sensor Burnout Detection 4/8 General-Purpose I/Os (ADS1247/8) Internal Temperature Sensor Power Supply and VREF Monitoring (ADS1247/8) Self and System Calibration SPI&-Compatible Serial Interface Analog Supply Unipolar (+2.7V to +5.25V)/Bipolar (&2.5V) Operation Digital Supply: +2.7V to +5.25V Operating Temperature &40&C to +125&C
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