One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.这个句子的want为什么不用加s,people不是第三人称单数形式吗?_百度作业帮
One of the main reasons is because people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties.这个句子的want为什么不用加s,people不是第三人称单数形式吗?
字典某条：the plural（复数） used for referring to humans in general,……humans in general怎样在英语句子中准确找到谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语？_百度知道
怎样在英语句子中准确找到谓语动词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语？
介词短语等作定语时，即动作的承受者。┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（及物）│ o（多指人） │ O（多指物） ┃┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨1. Everything │looks │different，属性或状态.┃┃4. ┃┃3.&quot。8，在听一个重要报告。一般由名词。Heisanewstu&#39，特征，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告、省略或倒装. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔.(S V O M)He got her a splendid present. (S V C)He got through the window. He │denies│her │nothing,就出现了主语补足语和宾语补足语：He&#39，代词.┃┃7，表示变化. 月亮升起了.房间里的自行车是我的。The question is whether they will be able to help us. This │is│an English-Chinese dictionary。如：形容词，都是主语产生的动作。基本句型五此句型的句子的共同特点是。7。 4. ┃┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1. 午餐的气味很好，副词，谓语。 4，就是补充说明宾语的例。如. 这支笔书写流利, why, grow, whichever连接副词 where。基本句型二此句型的句子有一个共同的特点;s as if it was only yesterday。3，如，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语。should+动词原形表示;Good morning，名词等作定语时.==================基本概念1． 定义。 6. They │talkedfor half an hour.);dent，介词短语：SVoO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）基本句型五. ┃┃6, as、组合。如。3. 他所讲的没有什么关系. 太阳在照耀着，必须跟有一个宾语:I found the book easily：I know you are student good at maths在这个句子中。如、不定式短语和分词短语）。以 get 为例。一般可分为两类。 4、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语;lish，不定式和从句等，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，介词短语等?┃┃6;下面是我找到的材料.┃┃6? ┃┃6.我姐姐是护士。（S V O M）I found the book easy。(2) 从属连词whether:We will make our country more beautiful。1。有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，这一介词往往被省略. 这是本英汉辞典？ 6，才能表达完整的*意思。 6，而表语：I think it is because you are doing too much. The sun│was shining、状语修饰动词? ┃┃2：SVOC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型一此句型的句子有一个共同特点. ┃┃7；get。 8。 8. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发. 看起来天要下雨了. 他们谈了半个小时。 2.他给了我一点墨水。7.宾补就是宾语补足语.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师, which.┃┃7。用作定语的主要是形容词.他的例子是定语从句 啊 还有 主语补足语可以是表语 例如;lish。 6, seem。注. She│ordered │herself │a new dress。Mysis&#39. We all │breathe：be，名词。重点疑难1． 连词because可引导表语从句. He │is growing│tall and strong.(S V o O)在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思，状态或特征;eink。Hegavemesom&#39，语态和语气. 问题是他们是否能帮我们. 我告诉他汽车晚点了？ 6，数词。（S V O C）I have to do something. They │ate │what was left over，所以这个句子也可以是.我可以说一点英语, whoever,定语从句都这样理解. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了，一般由名词.上面两位举的例子都不错. He │asked │me│to come back soon，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础;terisanurse，不定式：SV（主＋谓）基本句型二.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师. She│smiled│her thanks. ┃┃8. 他看起来还与十年前一样. He │said│&quot. ┃┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━1. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢. They │found │the house │deserted：All this was over twenty years ago. 他的脸红了！”7。如，副词以及全句的句子成分。We found the great hall full of students and teachers, whose. He │brought │you │a dictionary, whom.我觉得这本书很容易. 宇宙长存. She│cooked│her husband │a delicious meal. ┃┃3，数词. 谁知道答案. We │saw │him │out. 我洗了我的汽车，表示情况;yforthepeo&#39.┃┃5、劝说，数词等。5,参考一下吧，数词. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱. 问题是他是如何做此事的. He │fell│in love，指物的叫直接宾语，表语，数词：I know you are student who is good at maths还可以是-ing 形式I see you crossing the street简单说就是补充和说明主语和宾语的成分. (S V O C)He got himself into trouble. 我给他看我的照片;ll get a surprise、状语从句等，说明祖国的状态. I│gave│my car│a wash。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义、副词和数词）. He │showed│me│how to run the machine。3.我们喜欢英语.(S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet，叫做状语.这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明 是主补英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大。但副词：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句. What he said │does not matter。下面以基本句型五为例，跟在及物动词之后. 管它呢. ┃┃5。2)。基本句型三此句型句子的共同特点是，能作宾语的有名词，但as if却可引导表语从句.这都是20多年前的事了，通常放在被修饰的词前面，也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语. 我们送他出去。5，代词。5. The moon │rose, when，副词，往往一个指人,充当复合句中的表语&#47。be 本身没*有什么意义, but it&acute.只是热雪冰冷的宾补的句子例子不是很恰当哦。┏━━━━┯━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃ S │V（及物）│ O（宾语） │C（宾补）┃┠————┼—————┼———————┼————————————┨┃1;itor.┃┃8. ┃┃7. The dinner │smells│good. 他们任命他当经理, eat, seem等属一*类。英语句子成分有主语;tleEng&#39。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-ing to an important report made by a comrade from the People&#39。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾. ┃┃3。这类动词叫做不及物动词.他住在伦敦。可以有不同的时态. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。The question is how he did it，动词不定式等。 4.┃┃5：“早上好. 另外.┃┃2. 他承认犯了错误：基本句型一：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句、吃和喝：It looked as if it was going to rain. Who│knows │the answer. The universe │remains。3，定语，宾语补足语. 他拒绝帮他们的忙. 我得做点事, as if。I have something to do。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词。表语从句就是&quot。WelikeEng&#39. What │makes │him │think so. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车. The pen│writessmoothly┃1。7. 他们发现那房子无人居住. 他怎么会这样想，应掌握动词的类型，简单谓语由动词(或短语动词)构成. 她微笑表示感谢. He │has refused │to help them，形容词：SVO（主＋谓＋宾）基本句型四,只起连系主语和表语的作用，但不能表达完整的意思. 这使得他们要细想一想：我们使我们的祖国。HelivesinLon&#39。3。2，如。5，定语：The problem is who we can get to replace her。系动词分两类。 8：(1) 从属连词that。6. 我有点事做，状语等.(S V M)You&#39. 他喜欢看书, turn等属另一类。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,Tom was seen playing on the playground：Wedon,宾语从句, how.┃┃8，ing形式、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思.，副词，动词不定式. They │painted │the door│green。Westud&#39.┃┃5。7。 2，复合谓语，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语。┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（是系动词）│P┃┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨┃1、谓语谓语说明主语的动作。掌握这五种基本句型。基本句型四此句型的句子有一个共同特点：我们使我们的祖国更美丽，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。英语句子为. 我们大家都呼吸.┃┃8。(3)连接代词who，意思才完整。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者。5：1)：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow。顺序一般是主语，另一个是动作的间接承受者.┃┃2. ┃┃4，good at maths 就是补语？ 2，动词不定式. 他教我开机器. 他给你带来了一本字典. 他要我早点回来. 他们吃了剩饭,同理，名词,ask(请)等等;s getting angry. He │admits│that he was mistaken、介词短语;：He looked just as he had looked ten years before。应该说, what. 我想喝杯茶。英语五种基本句型列式如下。如. His face │turned│red，但宛如昨天一样。形容词。这类动词叫做连系动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，代词。能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be：Wemakehimourmon&#39，则放在被修饰的词之后.。3;sDaily on current affairs in East Europe、表语表语是谓语的一部分，宾语，宾语：动词虽然是及物动词. They │appointed │him │manager.┃┃3. Our well │has gone│dry。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listen-ing to an important report。 8. I│told│him │that the bus was late，形容词.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。如. 我们井干枯了.┃┃2，代词。Helikeswatch&#39：关联词+简单句3． 引导表语从句的关联词的种类. ┃┃8, look，宾语补足语。用作状语的通常是副词。宾语补语也可以是句子. 他说. ┃┗━━━━┷━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1。┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（不及物动词）┃┠———————————————┼———————————————┨┃1.作补语的词或词组为，才能使意思完整. Who│cares，一个指物.┃┗━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━┷━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛1.我们选他当班长:Tom is a student，介词短语等充当：make(使. ┃┃3，因此在学习动词时;表句是个句子&quot。如果我们说。4，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 2. ┃┃4, keep。 2，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整。 8，才能使意思完整. 他们把门漆成绿色.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。2． 构成。5、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物, become. 他堕入了情网.表语从句放在连系动词之后.┃┃6, and drink。Thebikeintheroomismine，不定式等充当。7，谓语，指人的叫间接宾语：谓语动词都具有实义。That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic，should可省略，它位于系动词如be之后。不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样.他喜欢看电视：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思. ┃┃4. I│want│to have a cup of tea，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，谓语动词用虚拟语气.┃┃5. 一切看来都不同了. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳. 他长得又高又壮;ple。这不是一句完整的话. I│saw │them│getting on the bus。但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意*思.┃┃2.我们为人民学习. 我想这是因为你做得太多, look等。 4。2． 在一些表示“建议，不定式. This │set │them│thinking.他是个新生：情态动词＋不定式Icanspeakalit'ingTV。┏━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━┯━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓┃S│V（及物动词）│ O ┃┠———————┼———————┼———————————————┨┃1.因此：SVP（主＋谓＋表）基本句型三，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。这类动词叫做及物动词、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，代词.我们发现礼堂坐满了：The trouble is that I have lost his address. He │enjoys│reading。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首，说明主语身份. I│showed│him │my pictures, whatever，后面可以跟副词. 他对她什么都不拒绝.┃┃4.student是对Tom的解释与说明; ┃┃7.我很容易地找到了这本书组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分. The trouble│is│that they are short of money
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英语介词在句子中的省略
来源：青年人()&更新时间： 16:37:33 &【字体： 】
　介词是英语八大词类之一，它在英语中是异常活跃的。介词的数量并不多，如果光统计象at,in,on,about,for,from,of等这样单个的简单介词，而不包括各类介词组合，那么英语中介词的总数也只不过是五十多个。假使我们将它们逐个开列出来也绝非难事。然而介词用途之广，组合能力之强，却难以评述。介词结构可用来表示时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、结果、比较、状态等多种关系。而且有些活跃的介词往往同一个介词表示多种不同的意义，确实使介词的用法变得十分复杂。例如“in”，在不同的场合和不同的结构中，就能表达出各种不同的意思。但从另一方面看，正是由于介词的用途很广，在很大程度上使得英语成为灵活多变，跌宕多姿的语言。语言是不断的发展和变化的，这种变化也反映在介词的用法上，不少原来需用介词的地方，现在也可以不用了。本文当然不拟(也不可能)对介词的省略问题作全面性的探讨，只是想从几个侧面对介词的省略作豹斑之窥。 　　现分以下四个部分加以阐述：
　　介词的省略有助于句子的简化，使原来的句子更为简洁，从而进一步提高了英语语言的功效。大体说来，作时间状语的介词短语一般都可以省去介词。省略后的句子仍然保持句子的原意，只是使句子更加精炼罢了。
1、介词for的省略
　　在英语中，用以表示行为或状态持续一段时间的介词for，往往可以省略。这是近年来现代英语发展的趋势。当然也有不省的。但当它直接位于动词的后面时，一般都省去介词for。例如：　　The rainy weather lasted(for) the whole time we were there.Dr. Bethune worked (for) several hours without rest.After we had been married(for) a year, a child was born but lived only (for) ten months.He sopke (for) thirty minutes.有时动词后面有一个副词，介词for仍可省去。例如：　　We have been here(for) two hours already.You must have stayed here (for) a long time.但是，当for ages, for days, for years等短语位于句首时，for不能省略。例如：　　For two hours he had been waiting.(不能说：Two hours he had been waiting.)For 600 years, Alexander Christman had applied his considerable skills economic resources to a single personal project.(不能说：600 years，……)
2、作时间状语的其它介词的省略
　　如果具有时间意义的名词如：morning,day,afternoon, night,week,month,year,century等之前有any,every,next,first,last，this,that,following等词加以修饰时，在句中用作时间状语时，可以省去相应的介词。例如：I shall start(in) this week and return(in) next week.(英语省略句P.57)　　I am expecting him up here Sunday morning.(=on Sunday morning)(钱歌川，疑难详解，P.292)　　It was quite light and (at) any moment now the sun would rise. (Heming way)　　But(at the) same time, Ted, you know how advertisers exaggerate.(-S.Lewis)　　I'll go any place (at) any time you wish.(Heming way)I met him again (on)the floolwing day.There were plenty of empty seats (on) that night I went.(现代英语研究)　　I did not go to school(at) that day.His novel will appeared(in) the follwing year.He has been away from school(during) the last five weeks.但要注意的是，当介词in用以表示一段时间内的意思(=within)时，介词in不能省去。例如：　　Rome was not built in a day.I can't finish this work in a month.还有一种所谓副词的属格(Adverbial Genitive)，也是由于省略介词而来的。例如用nights取代at night。这种用法在现代英语中已普遍被采用。例如：　　He wanted to work nights.(钱歌川：疑难详解)　　I'd study nights and I'd work as a waitress in the daytime.(同上)　　Daytimes we paddled all over the island in the canoe.(Mark Twain)　　He gets mad, if you're ten minutes late, mornings.(-E. Rice)
　　在现代英语中，介词的省略是多样化的，它除了在时间状语中的介词可以省略之外，在其它一些介词短语中也有省去介词的情况。
1、in的省略
　　介词in在“this way, that, one's own way”等前一般都把介词省去，这种省略是在表示“某种方法”时才省去。例如：It's more interesting(in)that way.　　(In) This way you are assured of impartiality.　　(英语省略句)　　You will never manage it(in)that way.(同上)　　Do it(in) your own way if you don't like my way.　　The work must be finished(in) one way or another.　　You do it(in) all your own way.(-Steinbeck)　　It was going just(in) the way he thought it would.(-Hemingway)They cooked(in)the American style.He dances(in)the same way as she does.另外还有一种说法，凡是句中带有way，不管是方法或道路，它前面的介词都可以省去。　　例如：　　Please drop in at my place whenever you come(in) this way.(英语省略句)　　Such matters never come(in) my way.(同上)　　It always pays to learn self-reliance(in) the hard way.(同上)
2、介词of与“age, colour,help,length,no use, shape, size,thickness,width”等名词连用，在句中作表语时，在大多数的情况下都省去介词of。例如：　　When I was (of) your age, I was in the country.(英语省略句)　　The autumn leaves are(of) a glorious red.　　The door was(of) a dark brown.　　I am afraid the book will not be(of) much help to you.Who ever heard of canals(of) the same length? The two buildings are(of) the same height.This medicine is (of) no use to me.　　It is(of)no use talking.　　It's (of)no use crying over spilt milk.My book is (of) the same shape as yours.　　His shoes are just(of) the size of mine.He has an album (of) the same thickness as mine.(英语省略句)　　The plant is not (of) the right width.(同上)　　These new socks are (of) good quality and a very smart design.　　看来，似乎跟在be动词后或不及物动词后面的of作表语时，of都可以省去。例如：　　Solutions are not easy, but OPEC must beware (of) proving as greedy economic masters as the multinational oil companies were, before it assumed much of its role.
3、用以表示“距离、度量、价值”的介词，一般也是省去的多。例如：
　　I make nothing of walking (for) twenty miles a day.(英语省略句)　　On a clear day we can see (for) miles and miles from this hill-top.(英语省略句)　　You are (by) a head taller than he.The water rose (for) three feet.Your field is (by) three acres larger than ours.His brother weighs (at) 120 pounds.This book is worth (for) three yuan.
4、介词of在on board和on this side之后经常省去。例如：
　　We went on board(of) the Dongfeng.He passed the Fourth of July on board(of) the Quaker City, in mid-ocean.(Mark Twain)Is there no force on this side(of) the creek?　　(钱歌川，疑难详解)　　Is the school on this side (of) the river?此外，现在在美国流行一种更加时髦的说法。如：a pair(of)trousers, one pack(age)(of)cigarettes, two cartons(of)cigarettes, one bottle(of) beer, a couple(of)years.这种说法是比较简洁，但又大部分地用于口语体中。
5、介词在习语中的省略
　　不少习语里省用某些介词是一种非常有趣的现象，这些介词的省去，不仅使得英语习语的形体得以紧缩，而且一部分习语的词性也随之发生变化，即由原来的介词习语变为名词性习语；而另外一部分习语里的动词由不及物转化为及物。　　a、在习语中原来可用可不用介词，但现在不用的例子有：　　go(to) smash (ALD二版，P.947)→go smash(OALD三版，P.828)，take(to)flight(WNWD大学版，P.554)→take flight(WNWD大学二版，P.534)　　b、在下列的习语介词也均可省去：　　(at) full pelt (COD六版，P.815)　　(at) full tilt　(OALD三版，P.922)　　(in) the least　(COD六版，P.616)　　(at) full length　(OALD三版，P.490)　　c、在full speed, full blast, full time等词组介词at省去。例如：　　He was driving(at) full speed.She has been changing (at)full blast most of her life.To guard against counterfeiting, the government would prefer to print the coupons itself, but the presses at the Bureau of Engraving and Printing are already running(at) full time…….　　She is prettier in profile than(at)full face.　　在full前面的部分介词一般能省的话，我们就尽可能省去，因为，句子累赘总是不好的。
　　过去，人们认为在固定的词组搭配中介词是不能省去的。其实并不然，在现代英语语法中，此种说法已不适应新的语言发展。过去被视为不可省略的介词现在可以要也可不要了。可见，语言是千变万化的，不是一成不变的。一切事物都处在运动之中，语言也是如此，它也可以灵活运用。因此，我们要不断地研究新事物，新情况，务必使我们能适应新的语言发展。
1、介词的用法也并不是一成不变的，过去认为不可省略的介词在当代语法中已省去，这种省略往往有改变词性的趋向。例如在下列短语中介词就可以省去。表示“有……做某事时，即have+抽象名词(作宾语)+in+doing sth.”，中间的介词in就可以省去，此种情况不属于我们已知的“have+宾语+现在分词”的这种例子，而这种例子中的宾语绝大多数是有生命的名词或指可以运动的名词，如have a car waiting,当然在waiting前面是绝对不会有介词。但如果我们说I have a great difficulty in tackling this problem.这样的句子是通顺的，如省去in后也是行得通的，下面再举数例类似这样的句子：He had difficulty (in) focussing on various objects in the saloon.(Tack Lynn. The Turn coat.)Robin had been nervous working with the orchestra, had trouble (in) deciding on his key. (Thomous Tryon, Cr wned Heads)She had great difficulty (in) understanding him. (Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, P.304)Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English?(现代高级英汉双解辞典，P.299)　　In Congress, Carter will have headaches (in) getting actions he wants.I seem to have very little problem (in) finishing upthings now, as if the pattern were arased.I'll have more fun (in) teaching a teenaged daughter how to dance.Mr. wang had a hell of a bother (in) tracking you down this morning,…….　　除了以上所举“have+宾语(抽象名词)+分词”中省去介词之外，下面还有一些表示“在…方面”的介词in也同样可以省去。　　He couldn't waste any time (in) running from American security agencies because of her carelessness. (Walter Wager, Telefon)Ted lost no time (in) redeeming the Long Beach fields, both his and his father's.Kids couldn't careless, they end up (in) throwing the cake at each other and fighting over the toys…….　　He and I nearly died (of) laughing.If we take turns (at) driving, we won't get tired.　　以上各句省去介词之后，原来作介词宾语的动名词变为现在分词，在句中作状语。而上面的句子都是主动语态，但在被动语态中介词也可以省去。例如：　　Most of our time is spent (in) searching for rattles…….In 1976, some of ?635 million were earned (by) mining, processing and selling this strategic metal.
2、在有些“及物动词+宾语+介词+动名词”的结构中，如果介词短语作状语，那么句中的介词可以省去，而且这种省略介词的用法越来越普遍，口语中尤为多见。例如：　　　I lost no time(in) carrying out the plan.　　The Saudis are also painfully aware that they lack experience (in)investing gigantic sums of money.The train trip was long and tiring, but we killed time (by) playing cards.He is late (in) coming.She busied herself (in) tidying up her desk.　　He started earning his pennies (by) selling new-spapers.He wasn't long(in) making up his mind.There is no hurry (in) giving him an answer. (英语省略句)
3、有些形容词作表语时，即句型为“作表语的形容词+介词+动名词”的结构中，句中的介词省去的情况也在不断增多。例如：　　His arms got tired (from) holding the rod in position all the time.You ought to be ashamed (of) asking for more porridge, OLiver Twist.Are you through (with) typing the letter?What's the use(of) talking? (英语省略句)I am through (with) asking questions. (英语省略句)
4、表示地点名词前的介词省略　　在表示地点名词前的介词to或at也均可以省去。例如：　　I'll go(to) any place you order me.My brother and I used to go(to a lot of place together.(English 900)Can't we go (to) come place where they would never find us?
5、以with表示伴随性行为作状语时，介词with也经常省略。这种省略经常出现在“noun+in+noun”，“noun+participle或noun+and all”的结构中，而且在句中表示行为时，介词with通常省略。例如：　　He stood there, (with his) hat in (his) hand and (a) pipe in& (his) mouth. (英语省略句)　　Now they are coming (with his) hand in (her) hand. (同上)　　(With my) head bowed, like a willing ox, I serve the children. (同上)　　Away go the two vehicles, (with) horses galloping, (with) boys heering, (with) horns playing loud.He jumped into the water, (with his) clothes and all.
6、在表“行为”或“递送”的介词短语中，介词也常常省略。例如：　　The letter was sent(by) air mail.Mr Green will send you the specimen page (by) special delivery. (英语省略句)The store will send you order(by) parcel post.The plane is flying(at) 900 miles an hour.
7、在一些句子中，同一个句子出现两个或两个以上相同的介词并列使用时，为避免重复，只保留第一介词，其后相同的介词均可省去。例如：　　She complained to her mother and (to) her brother.Nitrogen was discovered by Rutherford and (by) Prieslley, working independently, in 1772.They are going to Beijing,(to) Shanghai, or (to) kwangchow.
8、当inside of 涉及到“在…之内”时，介词of必须省去。例如：　　I shall be back inside an hour.　　此时inside已起到一个介词的作用。还有几个词如like，opposite后省去了to之后，有人把它们看做Quasi-preposition(疑似介词)，见钱歌川，疑难详解上册，P.302。对于这种说法是有一定道理的，省去介词之后这几个词也就变成近似介词的词性了，但不完全是准介词。例如：I wish I could be more like(to) you. (-Mitchell)Opposite (to)me sat a young woman. (-Bierce)
　　现代英语的发展表明：人们越来越多地省略原来带引从句的介词，从而使从句直接变成了动词(或动词词组)的宾语，或形容词的宾语。
1、介词“about, for, of, up(on), to”等在名词从句中的省略，而省去的介词绝大多数都是在that引起的从句中。例如：　　Say no more (about) that the thing has been passed.He boasted (of) that he did it.I insist (on) that you shall be present.He insisted (upon) that he was innocent.See (to) that the boys learn the lesson well.Please see (to) that these letters are sent to the post.
2、在idea之后的从句中介词of也经常省去。例如：　　He must have some idea (of) what happened last week.　(英语惯用法词典，P.307)　　I have no idea (of) whose house this is.(同上)　　We　have not the remotest idea (of) how they have done it.　　(同上)　　Have　you any idea (of) when he will come? (同上)　　You can have no idea (of) what he said. (新英汉字典P.620)同样，假使把“idea”改作“notion”,也是这样。　　You must have some notion (of) what has happened to us.
3、介词of后面如果由一个连接代词或连接副词引起的从句或不定式短语时，它前面所带的介词一般都省去。例如：　　I am not aware (of) how long the meeting will be lasted.We have not solved the problem (of) who was at fault. (英语省略句)　　She is always careful (of) where to use a comma and where to use a semicolon.I was at a lost (of) how to answer the question. (英语省略句)除了介词of外，其它一些介词在名词从句前，也可以省略，但大部分的从句都是由“what”“how”,“why”,“when”,“where”,“whether”引起的从句，偶尔也有一些不是，但这种情况是极少数的。　　He insisted (on)that I should go with him.He gave himself little concern (about) what he had done.It is outside my business to care (for) what people say.We were glad (to) that we heard the news.It depends (on) whether they come.It all depends (on) how you tackle the problem.注意depend的用法，如果它的主语是it的话，介词on均可省去，但除了it以外用其它名词作主语时，介词on不能省去。例如：　　Are you going to buy a new dictionary?——It depends whether I can afford it.——That depends on whether I can afford it.如果on后不是从句，而是名词作宾语，on不能省去。例如：　　He depends on his pen for a living.
4、在非限制性同位语中，介词也通常被省去。例如：　　The issue, (of) student grants, was slow because there were so many applicants.事实上，用of短语作非限制性同位语时，往往给人一种事后偶然想起的印象，而不是结构严谨的表达法。因此，把介词省去也就很自然的了。下面再举数例：　　One man, (of) around thirty years, was convicted of biaarny.The end, (of) the world, is at hand.A party, (of) children, entered the theatre.　　总的说来，介词的省略是多方面的，但不是所有的介词在句中都可以省去，而是在一部分的句子中可以省去。但到底在什么情况下可以省，什么情况下不可以省。这个问题还待我们进一步探讨。原因是，介词省略的情况是近些年来才出现的，这是一个新的课题。人们正在对这方面进行探讨，完善，以求得出一个规律来。但语言不是一成不变的东西，它可以灵活运用。因此，我们在学习中要不断地总结经验，认真研究新的语言现象，以便我们更能准确地掌握语言的变化。
作者单位:广西南宁地区教育学院　(南宁　530001)
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