英语翻译帮我造一个句子,句子里包括定语从句修饰主语,主语从句和状语从句,急!!!!!

英语句子的句型中的主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句、同位语从句该如何辨别?_百度知道
英语句子的句型中的主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句、同位语从句该如何辨别?
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形容词性从句在句中起到修饰作用,相当于一个形容词,作先行词的定语,有限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句之别。限定性定语从句不能随意去掉,否则句子意思无法表达明白。如:He is the man who bought my book yesterday. 如果去掉定语从句,此话没有什么意思。而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,可以去掉,不影响主句的主要意思的表达。I met an old woman in the shop yesterday, who was about 80.名词性从句共有四大类型:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句,顾名思义,整个句子相当于句子中的一个名词,充当主句的主语、表语、宾语或者同位语。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句只有在主句句子的成分残缺时才可以考虑使用以上三大从句。而同位语则是对前面某一名词的展开,即前一名词的具体说明,两者是同等,不是定语从句的修饰与被修饰关系。如:【同位语从句】We heard the news that he had gone to Beijing yesterday.此句中the news 和 that he had gone to Beijing yesterday.是同一意思,可以替换。the news 去掉,that 引导的则成了宾语从句,不过意思没变。关于状语从句,主要是为主句谓语动词的发生提供一个时间(when)、地点(where)、条件(if)等等。常见的状语从句有:1.时间状语从句2.地点状语从句;3.原因状语从句;4.条件状语从句;5.目的状语从句;6.让步状语从句;7.比较状语从句;8.程度状语从句;9.方式状语从句;10.结果状语从句
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3秒自动关闭窗口英语定语从句 详细的讲解。
英语定语从句 详细的讲解。
求定语从句的详细见解。
初三的就好了
特别是那些关系代词什么的运用。
越详细越好
拜托各位大虾啦。。帮帮小妹吧
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。 一、 限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time&一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导 二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。 I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。 We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物 三、定语从句结构错误 1. 缺关系词 2. 从句中缺成分摘自《简明英语语法》 在英文中,有两种定语从句:限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别: 限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏,对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉,会影响句子意思的完整性;有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如: Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located . 为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展,热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。 Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow. 洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。 They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散,它与主句之间有一个逗点&,&隔开;它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用,只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉,也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因,非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外,非限定性定语从句在中文译文里,我们往往将其作为一个分句处理,而不把它作定语翻译。 例如:Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy . (此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。) 更早之前,巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图,但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。 The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center . (此句中,三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词:satellites ,computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句,那么句子可简化为: The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .)卫星能传输信息,计算机能储存信息,电视能显示信息,把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成&一件事情)。太阳给予大地热,这就使植物的生长成为可能。 The old man has a son , who is in the army .(此句中,非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是:&这位老人只有一个儿子& 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句: The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么,限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来,句子所传达的信息就变成了:&这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作,还有其他的儿子在干别的工作&。)那位老人有一个儿子,他在部队工作。 .
及相关术语:   定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做,修饰一个名词或,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关(或)引出。  1.定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。  2.关系词:引导定语从句的称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。  注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。  4.定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,,,副词,以及也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作。  先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。  关系代词引导的定语从句举例。   关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。  1、who, whom, that  这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:   (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)  (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)  2、Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)  (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。  (2) Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。  3、 which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:  (1) A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)  (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) [编辑本段](一)   一、关系代词(在句中作主语、宾语或定语)  1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg:this is the book (which)you want。]  2而且,如果which在从句中作“+”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置   3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等,这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that  4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语   5. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。  二、关系副词(在句中作)  关系副词=介词+关系代词  why=for which  where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)  when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)  1. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句。  2. when引导定语从句表示时间[注]值得一提的是,表示时间“time&一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导。   By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.   I still remember the first time I met her.   Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。  3. 当从句的是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导  There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。 [编辑本段](二)  非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常是和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍立   1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分   2.当先行词是或和所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是性的,例如:  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. ·去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。  3.还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用单数,例如:  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没的意思,这使我。  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 水变为,这就叫做蒸发。  4. 有时as也可用作关系代词  5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用关系副词why和关系代词that,而用who, whom代表人,用which,whose代表事物,如果需要用why,  可用for which代替.; [编辑本段](三)关系代词引导的定语从句  1.who指人在从句中做主语  (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.  (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 昨天,我帮助了一个迷路的老人.  2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常省略。(注:who和whom已无太大区别,基本可以通用。唯一区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以。)  (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus. 刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.  (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 凌先生恰巧就是我想见的那个男孩.  (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚见到的那个人就是我的朋友.  注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式中常用who代替,可省略。  如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 他就是那个和我聊天的男人.  如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book. 他就是那个有的男人.  3. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。  (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.  (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替  (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.  (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.  (5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?  (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?  4.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。  (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.  (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天刚买的.  5. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。  在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。  (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.  (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? [编辑本段](四)注意  介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时  从句常由介词+关系代词引导  (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.  = The school in which he once studied is very famous.  (2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.  = Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.  (3) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.  = We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.  注意:1. 含有介词的一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等  T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T=正确)  F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F=错误)  2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose  (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)  The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)  (2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)  The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)  3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词  (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.  (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.  (3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.  关系代词  关系代词(一般情况下)that 可用who ,whom 和which在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语。  which指物,在从句中作主语,或宾语;  who在从句中作主语;  whom在从句中宾语;  where在从句饰表地点的名词,做地语;  when在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词,做;  why在从句中做原因状语,先行词通常是&reason&  有时why也可用for+which代替。  例:A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.  ______ _ _____ _____________________  主语 谓语 先行词 从句  |________________________|  定语从句修饰先行词 [编辑本段](五)关系副词引导的定语从句  1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语  (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.  (2) The time when we got together finally came.  2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语  (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.  (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.  3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语  (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.  (2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.  注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换  (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,  (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. [编辑本段](六)判断关系代词与关系副词   方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。例如:   This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.   I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.   判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的示出。)   (错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.   (错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.   (对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.   (对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.   习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。   方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?   A. where B. that C. on which D. the one  例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?  A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案:  例1 D,例2 A  例1变为: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.   在句1中,is后应跟,只有the one可以,而后面的you visited a few days ago则做one的定语从句。  而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。   关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose);   先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。 [编辑本段](七)介词+关系词  1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。  2)that前不能有介词。  3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的&介词+关系词&结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.   This is the house where I lived two years ago.   Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?   Do you remember the day when you joined our club?   This is the reason why he came late.  This is the reason for which he came late. [编辑本段](八)先行词和关系词二合一   1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)   但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。  (九)as,which引导的非限制性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。   As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.   The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 
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语篇分析理论在高中英语阅读教学的运用??定语从句转译为让步、目的、条件状语
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语篇分析理论在高中英语阅读教学的运用??定语从句转译为让步、目的、条件状语:在考研英语的文章中,复合句出现频率很高,而且经常出现从句套从句的状况,这其中定语从句是最常出现的。也是最难理清中文思路的。我们曾经讨论了定语从句转化为原因状语和结果状语从句的情况。本文作者仍以考研英语文章中的句子为语料,介绍考研英语中定语从句转化为条件状语从句、让步状语从句和转折状语从句的辨别和翻译。
  众所周知,英汉两种语言在语序上存在很大差异,而这其中最具有代表性的就是定语从句的位置,尤其在考研英语的文章中,很多长难句子的难译之处都在定语从句的译法。英语中的定语从句除了和先行词之间有说明原因、结果的关系,也可以和主句之间构成条件、让步、转折、目的、时间、空间等关系。
  一、译成条件状语从句
  英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句条件的含义,在翻译时可以加上汉语表示条件关系的词语, 如&如果&等词,并转译成汉语相应的从句。
  如:In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.译成条件状语时,很多情况下都是定语从句紧随主语之后,本句情况也是如此,本句的定语从句是&who do not have a clear grasps of the basicfeatures of the Canadian Constitution&,译为&记者们还没有清楚地掌握加拿大宪法的主要特征&,主句是&howjournalists can do a competent job on politicalstories.&译为&他们是如何胜任报道政治事件这一工作的&,两者之间的关系是前者是后者的条件。译文:事实上,如果记者还没有清楚地掌握加拿大宪法的主要特征,就很难看出他们是如何胜任报道政治事件这一工作的。
  二、译成让步状语从句
  英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句让步的含义,在翻译时可以加上汉语表示让步关系的词语,如&虽然&等词,并转译成汉语相应的从句。
  如:Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.本句也是由两个层次组成,一个是主句&Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,&从句是&which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.&这句话中有明显的连接词&but&,这里我们只能将which译为&虽然&。译文:移民很快适应了这种共同的文化,这虽然总体上算不上是振奋人心,却几乎毫无害处。
  三、译成转折状语从句
  英语的定语从句如果在意义上具有表明主句转折的含义,在翻译时可以加上汉语表示转折关系的词语,如&但是&&而&等词,并转译成汉语相应的从句。如:The American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keepitself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.本句仍然是两个层次,主句为&The American middle-class family has been transformed by economic risk and new realities&,译为&美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实给改变了&,从句是&that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure&,译为&曾经指望通过刻苦的工作和公平竞争来确保他们的经济稳定&。分别翻译后确定这两句是转折关系,说的是从前和现在。这个定语从句是一个转折状语从句。译文:美国中产阶级家庭曾经指望通过刻苦的工作和公平竞争来确保他们的经济稳定,但是这一点已经被经济风险和新的现实给改变了。
  四、译成目的状语从句
  当英语的定语从句所修饰的先行词出现在主句的宾语
  位置上时,翻译时有可能译为目的状语从句,译为 &为
  了&&以&&以便&等词,并转译成汉语相应的从句。
  如:Because I wanted my kids&deposits to grow at a pace that hold their attention, I offeredan attractive interest rate&&five per cent a month.这个句子中的原因状语从句Because I wanted my kids&deposits to grow rapidly at a pace that hold their attention中又带了一个定语从句that hold their attention来修饰pace,这部分句子可以拆分为3个层次的意思:1.因为我希望孩子的存款迅速增长;2.以一种速度;3.引起孩子的注意。其中定语从句部分说明的是&以这个速度&增长的目的,所以定语从句在整个原因状语从句中体现的是一种目的。译文:因为我希望孩子们的存款速度足以引起他们的注意,便给他们一个惊人的利率&&月息五厘。
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