英文演讲：Shuttle Challenger Disaster Address
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　　Shuttle Challenger Disaster Address by Ronald Reagan 英文精彩演讲音频文件，英文文本资料。
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&We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights...more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space.&
Ladies and Gentlemen, I'd planned to speak to you tonight to report on the state of the Union, but the events of earlier today have led me to change those plans. Today is a day for mourning and remembering. Nancy and I are pained to the core by the tragedy of the shuttle Challenger. We know we share this pain with all of the people of our country. This is truly a national loss.
Nineteen years ago, almost to the day, we lost three astronauts in a terrible accident on the ground. But we've never lost an astronaut in flight. We've never had a tragedy like this. And perhaps we've forgotten the courage it took for the crew of the shuttle. But they, the Challenger Seven, were aware of the dangers, but overcame them and did their jobs brilliantly. We mourn seven heroes: Michael Smith, Dick Scobee, Judith Resnik, Ronald McNair, Ellison Onizuka, Gregory Jarvis, and Christa McAuliffe. We mourn their loss as a nation together.
For the families of the seven, we cannot bear, as you do, the full impact of this tragedy. But we feel the loss, and we're thinking about you so very much. Your loved ones were daring and brave, and they had that special grace, that special spirit that says, &Give me a challenge, and I'll meet it with joy.& They had a hunger to explore the universe and discover its truths. They wished to serve, and they did. They served all of us.
We've grown used to wonders in this century. It's hard to dazzle us. But for twenty-five years the United States space program has been doing just that. We've grown used to the idea of space, and, perhaps we forget that we've only just begun. We're still pioneers. They, the members of the Challenger crew, were pioneers.
And I want to say something to the schoolchildren of America who were watching the live coverage of the shuttle's take-off. I know it's hard to understand, but sometimes painful things like this happen. It's all part of the process of exploration and discovery. It's all part of taking a chance and expanding man's horizons. The future doesn't belong it belongs to the brave. The Challenger crew was pulling us into the future, and we'll continue to follow them.
I've always had great faith in and respect for our space program. And what happened today does nothing to diminish it. We don't hide our space program. We don't keep secrets and cover things up. We do it all up front and in public. That's the way freedom is, and we wouldn't change it for a minute.
We'll continue our quest in space. There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. N our hopes and our journeys continue.
I want to add that I wish I could talk to every man and woman who works for NASA, or who worked on this mission and tell them: &Your dedication and professionalism have moved and impressed us for decades. And we know of your anguish. We share it.&
There's a coincidence today. On this day three hundred and ninety years ago, the great explorer Sir Francis Drake died aboard ship off the coast of Panama. In his lifetime the great frontiers were the oceans, and a historian later said, &He lived by the sea, died on it, and was buried in it.& Well, today, we can say of the Challenger crew: Their dedication was, like Drake's, complete.
The crew of the space shuttle Challenger honored us by the manner in which they lived their lives. We will never forget them, nor the last time we saw them, this morning, as they prepared for their journey and waved goodbye and &slipped the surly bonds of earth& to &touch the face of God.&
Thank you.
George W. Bush: &Columbia& Disaster Address
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“You take the blue pill, the story ends…you take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes.”
— Morpheus, offering Neo a chance at enlightenment from The Matrix.
In The Matrix, Neo takes the red pill and discovers a world ruled by machines. We took the red key and discovered a frighteningly powerful machine, the 707hp 2015 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat. We, for one, welcome our new high-horsepower overlords, but even if new cars aren’t your thing, you might want to pay attention to what’s coming out of Detroit these days. Why? Three reasons:
1. You might want to buy one. The opportunity to purchase, with a warranty, a passenger car that will beat European supercars and classic-car legends will not last forever. If you’ve got the dough and the need, now’s the time to buy. When was the last time you could get financing for this much horsepower?
2. You might want to beat one. New cars are fast, faster than the average hotted-up muscle car. You can’t be sure of winning a stoplight battle with a cam and open exhaust, even if you have one of the first horsepower-war-era’s heavy hitters. If you want to send a new car owner home all weepy with loss, you need to know your enemy.
3. You might want to use the technology in your own car. Some of the greatest hot rods in the hobby came from cast-off parts after high-powered new cars met early retirement. When overconfident drivers turn their 2014 Z/28s and 2015 Dodge Hellcats into used parts, you’ll want to know which bits to grab for your project.
Here it is: 707 hp and 650 lb-ft of torque. Every scoop, pump, and cooler on the car is devoted to keeping this supercharged 6.2L V8 operating at advertised power.
The supercharger also has two internal air-to-water charge coolers. Pressurized air is forced through these coolers into the intake ports lowering temperatures from about 248 degrees Fahrenheit to about 140 degrees.
With that in mind, we headed to Portland, Oregon, to get a closer look at the Hellcat. The whole Challenger lineup has been redesigned for 2015, or at least it got a nose job, a butt lift, and it went back to school, so it’s smarter inside. It retains the same classic E-body lines, but all the details have been revisited with inspiration from 1971. That includes a twin rectangle grille and split rear taillights, with an assortment of hoods ranging from the classic power bulge to the new center-vented or Shaker bubble. The front fascia drops lower over the dual headlamps, giving the car a menacing look from some angles, and a slightly sleepy expression from others. The interior is bright and fashionable, with smooth leather over shaped door panels, and a high center console that can house either the TR-6060 six-speed manual or the new ZF-designed TorqueFlite eight-speed auto.
Forget all that, though, because barely any of it applies to the Hellcat, which is styled by the needs of the track. The Hellcat—and we should stop here to clarify that it is really the engine—that supercharged 6.2L Hemi V8, that is the Hellcat. The 6.2L is based off the 392ci 6.4L SRT mill, but other than the basic architecture of the iron block, it shares little with its predecessor. Chris Cowland, director of SRT powertrain, told us that everything from the casting of the blocks to the heat-treated crank is unique to the Hellcat.
The cam is austempered ductile iron with 207/227 duration at 0.50 and it moves sodium-cooled valves. In the cylinders, forged pistons sit on powder-forged connecting rods. Even the fuel-supply line had to be beefed up to feed the Hellcat at full throttle. It’s now running a 315-lph in-tank pump that moves fuel through a 1/2-inch line up to 600cc bent-spray injectors.
Topping it all are aluminum heads feeding out to 1.65-inch (ID) primaries and a dual-exhaust system that uses internal valves at the muffler to keep the noise level down at “good citizen” until you decide to step on it. Once you make that decision, prepare to set car alarms blaring and hound dogs a-howling. The complete engine, including the twin-screw IHI supercharger weighs about 638 pounds.
The car the Hellcat is propelling to ungodly speeds is a Challenger SRT, but by the time you read this, Dodge should be taking orders for the Hellcat Charger as well. Hopefully, they won’t put that in the police package. The Hellcat Challenger’s big numbers might lead you to believe it’s just a dyno-racer, but not so. Dodge wanted to make sure that the car could hold together on the track, so a major part of testing the package was focused on preventing de-rating in extreme track conditions. “One of the requirements for the car was that it could handle a 20-minute track session with no loss in horsepower,” said Russ Ruedisueli, head of SRT Engineering. To achieve this, the Hellcat has a bare grille to allow maximum airflow. Every system that could benefit from one has a cooler, from the transmission to the dual water-to-air intercoolers, the blower’s internal charge coolers, a separate air-to-oil cooler, and a heavy-duty radiator. To up the coolness factor, literally, the inner halo headlamp does double duty as a cold-air intake. The aluminum hood has a striking AAR-’cuda-esque center intake (functional) and dual heat extractors, which are mesmerizing when you’re sitting behind the wheel watching the traffic in front of you shimmer through the heat waves.
The center duct—call it Viper-like or AAR-’cuda-inspired—brings cool air into the engine bay. A hollow headlight on the driver side goes straight to the supercharger.
Oh, and isn’t that what you’re really here for? First-drive impressions? OK, you want to know what it’s like to drive the Hellcat? Think of the most perfect throttle response you can imagine. Is it like a whip crack? A rubber band snapping? A rocket launch to the moon? Yeah, the Hellcat feels like that when you step on the gas. We started giggling. Our photographer mocked us, until he got behind the wheel. Then he started giggling too. We drove around downtown Portland giggling and high-fiving strangers at stoplights. “Hey, is that the 470-horse engine?” asked a kid on the corner. “Seven-oh-seven,” we answered. High-five.
The next day, we swapped our red automatic for a black six-speed car and headed out on a scenic loop around Portland. If you aren’t on the throttle, the Hellcat has street manners like a kitten. The Challenger gets a lot of grief for its weight, and at 4,449 pounds, the 2015 Challenger is a heavy car. That’s 573 pounds heavier than the 2014 Mustang GT500, 344 pounds more than the 2014 Camaro ZL1, and 253 pounds more than the SRT Challenger CORE we tested last year. You can feel the mass while driving, and it’s actually a kind of pleasant thing on the highway, giving the car a solid, smooth ride, even in the firmest Track mode setting of the three-way adjustable suspension. In corners, the heft of the car is noticeable, especially if you’re used to a lighter machine, but the Challenger goes where you point it. Dodge didn’t just throw the extra weight on the stock chassis. The Hellcat features retuned high-rate front springs and heavy-duty sway bars front and rear, making for wallow-free driving on the tight, twisty roads along Oregon’s Columbia River Highway.
To handle the torque, Dodge beefed up the driveline. The differential is a shot-peened 9.06-inch ring gear with two front vertical mounts and two rear horizontal mounts. The halfshafts were upgraded to 35 splines (from 32) and the driveshaft has high-strength CV joints. The Hellcat’s manual trans is based on the Viper’s, but has a stronger housing, heat-treated gears, and an external oil cooler.
“We fitted the car with the largest tire we could that still fits within the wheelwell in all conditions jounce, rebound, steering lock,” Dodge engineers told us. Behind those forged aluminum 20x9.5-inch rollers and 275/40-20 Pirelli PZero rubber is Dodge’s largest brake package ever, 15.4 inch Brembos, bigger even than the Viper. To fit it all, the 2015 Challenger fenderlips are rolled under. They didn’t use a baseball bat, we asked.
The $59,995 starting price for the Hellcat includes most everything we’d need, but Alcantara seats are an option as is a sunroof.
One of the things that struck us about the Hellcat is that it’s not a stripped-down race package. You can get pretty much every desired option in the Hellcat, and many of them come standard. Want heated seats? Dual climate control? Remote start? All included, and for a price that surprised everyone when it was announced, a starting MSRP of $59,995. The car we were driving even had the optional sunroof. Normally, we’d say such things were for the weak, but cruising past waterfalls with the sunroof open and the air-conditioning on was a pretty splendid way to spend a day. All that luxury is acceptable for one reason. If you put the car in Track mode and stomp on the gas, the Hellcat is a brutal, evil, killing machine. An innocent blip of the throttle in a tunnel—oh, that sound—and we had the kitty wagging her tail, in Fourth gear! You could get in trouble fast, and that’s a pretty fantastic combo, a car that’s comfortable enough for your friends and family to ride in, but too dangerous to let them drive. Isn’t that what we all want from our hot rods, a horse only we can ride?
Since you might occasionally have to let the spouse or kid take the wheel, the Challenger Hellcat comes with two keys, a red and a black. The black key limits horsepower to 500. If that’s still too much for your loved ones, you could always put it in Valet Mode, which redlines the engine at 4,000 rpm (as opposed to 6,000), and locks out First gear altogether.
Dodge gave us the red key, and set us loose on track at Portland International Raceway (PIR). To keep it from devolving into a scene from Automotive Journalist Celebrity Death Race, there were no lap times, but one of the instructors told us he hit 146 mph on the back stretch. We were too focused on not hitting the wall to look at the speedo during our drive, but photographer Jesse Kiser saw 126 mph on the front straight, with us cowering in the back seat. The Hellcat’s brakes—15.4-inch Brembos are the largest front brakes Chrysler has offered, bigger than the Viper, and they bring the ’cat down from a buck-twenty with no problem. So Miata owners, even though it makes you feel good to say the Hellcat can’t turn corners, you might want to rethink that before you place bets.
The biggest buzz about the Hellcat has been its quarter-mile times. Dodge released a video earlier this month showing the Challenger SRT running a 10.80 e.t. on slicks, and 11.20s on street tires. We can say with total certainty those numbers weren’t run on the unprepped front straight of PIR in 90-degree weather. After watching some of our fellow journalists turn their launches into tire-smoking slaloms around invisible cones, we decided to go for the delicate approach to our run. Once again, there were no timers, but the SRT has a built-in e.t. recorder that we’ve tested in the past and found to be close, if not exact. We brought the car to barely off-idle (about 1,200 rpm) and applied the throttle with the same caution as you’d use while walking barefoot in the dark through a room full of Lego bricks. We didn’t have the car fully floored until after the Second gear shift. The result: 12 flat at 118 mph. We have no problem believing this thing could run low 11s on a real track. Of course, we won’t leave it at that. Check back with us soon, ’cause we plan to get one of these babies for some real testing as soon as possible. Think of this as a taster. Don’t you want more?
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